Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from cultured catfish by antibiotic resistance and RAPD analysis (original) (raw)
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International Food Research Journal
Antibiotic susceptibility and genetic diversity of E. coli isolated from cultured catfish and their surrounding environment were determined. The levels of resistance of the E. coli isolates towards six different antibiotics tested differed considerably. Though the isolates displayed resistance towards some of the antibiotics tested, none of the isolates showed resistant towards norfloxacin, sulphametoxazole/trimethoprim and chloramphenicol. RAPD-PCR analysis using single primer and primers combination clustered the E. coli isolates into 3 and 5 groups, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the E. coli isolates from the catfish and their surrounding environment derived from a mixture of sensitive and resistant strains with diverse genetic contents. The use of the RAPD analysis is sufficiently discriminatory for the typing of the E. coli isolates.
African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology
Background: There are increasing reports of food safety issues associated with intensive production of fish which increase the chances of disease outbreaks from stressful growth conditions accompanying mass production and presence of bacterial pathogens. Methodology: Two hundred gastrointestinal tract (GIT) samples from two hundred African Cat Fish (Clarias glariepinus) were assessed for the presence of enteric Escherichia coli species including E. coli 0157, Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) which are traditionally associated with infantile gastroenteritis. The antibiotic resistance profile and Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) for these isolates were determined. The serogrouping of the E. coli isolates was done using E. coli agglutinating sera (Oxoid) and E. coli 0157 latex reagent (Oxoid). Antibiotic susceptibility was determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: A total of 35 (17.5%) E. coli isolates were recovered from the fish intestines among which 9 (25.7%) were EPEC and 2 (5.7%) were EIEC. No E. coli 0157 strain was recovered. Thirty-three (94.0%) isolates had a MARI greater than 0.2. Antibiotic resistance to cefoxitin and amoxicillinclavulanic acid were 77.1% and 74.3% respectively. All isolates were susceptible to meropenem and amikacin but all EPEC and EIEC isolates were AmpC (resistance to all penicillins, cephalosporins and beta lactamase inhibitors) positive. Conclusion: The isolation of EPEC and EIEC which can cause fatal gastroenteritis coupled with high MARI among isolates in this study represents a public health concern. Strict monitoring of administration of antibiotics in aquaculture is recommended.
Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from farmed catfish
Food Control, 2007
A total 67 strains were isolated from five different stations of Aksu River. Total aerobic bacteria number in the river was determined as 2 x 10 7 CFU/mL and fecal coliforms were determined >1100 MPN/100 mL. Strains of Enterobacteriaceae (66 isolates), representative of the human and animal commensal flora, and Pseudomonas sp. (1 isolate) were selected for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Among the isolates, 67,2% were Escherichia coli, 29,8% Klebsiella spp., 1,5% Citrobacter spp., and 1,5% Pseudomonas spp. Eleven antibiotics (Meropenem, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Imipenem, Sulbactam/Cefoperazone, Cefazoline, Cefotaxime, Aztreonam, Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Penicillin G) were used for determination of antibiotic resistance of isolates. Multiple antibiotic resistances were determined in 27 isolates (40%) and they were resistant to five or over antibiotics and 49,3% of the isolates were found to be β-lactamase producing.
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli in tropical seafood
World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2005
The occurrence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli in tropical seafood was studied. A 3-tube MPN method was used for determining the level of faecal contamination of fresh and processed seafood. Of the 188 samples tested which included finfish, shellfish, water and ice, 155 were positive for the presence of faecal coliforms following incubation at 44.5 °C. However, E. coli was isolated from only 47% of the samples positive for faecal coliforms. The antibiotic resistance of 116 strains isolated from seafood was tested using 14 different antibiotics including ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin and vancomycin. Seven strains were resistant to more than five antibiotics of which one was resistant to eight antibiotics. The multiple drug resistant strains harboured plasmids of varying sizes. Antibiotic susceptibility studies revealed that seafood from India contains multiple antibiotic resistant strains of E. coli which may serve as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes in the aquatic environment. All the strains used in this study did not harbour any virulence genes commonly associated with pathogenic E. coli, when tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Aquaculture Research, 2009
In order to determine the prevalence of pathogenic Escherichia coli, a total number of 155 E. coli isolates from aquaculture, clinical and veterinary sources were screened for seven pathogenic virulence markers and a house-keeping gene by a polymerase chain reaction. The targeted virulence genes included eaeA of enteropathogenic E. coli, elt and est of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), ipaH of enteroinvasive E. coli, pCVD432 of enteroaggregative E. coli, stx, hlyA and eaeA of shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC) and Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli. All the isolates were positive for phoA, the house-keeping gene for E. coli. Among the 155 isolates, seven numbers (4.5%) harboured the virulence markers belonging to the pathogenic group ETEC and STEC. The virulent genes detected in these groups were elt, est, hlyA and stx. The sources of these virulence genes were fish (hlyA), shrimp (elt), feeder canal water (hlyA and elt) of aquaculture origin and from diarrhoea affected cow (hlyA, est and stx). The isolates with pathogenic traits belonged to the serogroups O6 or O29 and the remaining could not be typed. They showed resistance to two to four antibiotics out of the 12 antibiotics tested. Biotyping revealed that three isolates belonged to a single biotype (7333) and the remaining isolates were of diverse types. In conclusion, a molecular tool such as PCR proves as more effective tool for detection of this pathogen than the conventional methods. Detection of these emerging pathogens in aquaculture samples warrants for strict adherence to hygienic handling at retail outlets and proper cooking by the consumer before consumption.
The incidence of Escherichia coli in the meat samples of shrimp, fresh and marine fish, chicken and mutton at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh and its resistance to antibiotics-ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, penicillin-G, norfloxacin and tetracycline. The bacterial load was higher in chicken and mutton than the shrimp and fish meat. The antibiotic resistance of E. coli was 100% towards pencillinG , 90% to tetracycline and ampicillin, 40% to nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol, 20% to gentamicin, norfloxacin, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. It was only 10% resistance to co-trimoxazole. The resistance of E. coli in mutton sample was higher than the remaining samples. Chicken stood next followed by fresh water fish and shrimp.
Heliyon, 2019
Fisheries play a significant role in food security, livelihood, and source of income in developing countries. Although fish are a healthy source of protein, they can also spread diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms they may harbor. Epidemiology of foodborne pathogens is not well studied in Ethiopia. To address this issue to some extent, a cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling approach was conducted from October 2017 to May 2018 with the objectives of to isolate and estimate the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in fish, and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates in selected Lakes of Northern Ethiopia. All the microbial identification and isolation procedures were conducted based on ISO 6887-3:2017 recommendations. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was also performed following the standard procedure of Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion protocol. From the total 410 fish samples examined, six (1.46%) of them were found contaminated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157: H7 strain. The organism was isolated from landing sites (5/293) and local retail markets (1/75). Besides, Escherichia coli O157: H7 was isolated from filleted fish (5/214) and whole fish (1/125); however, it was not isolated from samples of ready to eat fish and working environments of restaurants. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin and Streptomycin disks. However, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin and Nalidixic acid were found effective in inhibiting the growth of all of the isolates. Since pathogenic Escherichia coli strain was detected from fish, raw and undercooked fish consumption in Ethiopia may result in contracting infections. The occurrence of such pathogenic organisms in fish indicates the need for intervention by stakeholders. Supports like freezers, generators, the establishment of fish processing plants and on job training about proper fish handling practices may play a tremendous role in decreasing the level of contamination of fish in Ethiopia.
Survival of Escherichia coli in the intestine of fish
Aquaculture Research, 1997
Establishment and persistence of Escherichia coli in the intestine of rainbow trout. Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), was investigated. Infection was achieved by ingestion of contaminated feed but not by bath exposure. At 1 5°C, E. coli was found to increase in number in the intestine offish after an initial decline, and could still be detected after 4 days. At 6°C it was detected for 2 days but the numbers declined steadily. A similar trend was observed when extracted gut content was inoculated with E. coli in vitro: after an initial decline, bacterial growth recovered. Gut content in vitro also was a suitable environment for plasmid-mediated transfer of resistance.
Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Serotypes from Cochin Estuary
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases, 2012
from five different stations set at Cochin estuary. Water samples from five different stations in Cochin estuary were collected on a monthly basis for a period of two years. Isolates were serotyped, antibiogram-phenotyped for twelve antimicrobial agents, and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction for uid gene that codes for β-D-glucuronidase. These E. coli strains from Cochin estuary were tested against twelve antibiotics to determine the prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance among them. The results revealed that more than 53.33% of the isolates were multiple antibiotic resistant. Thirteen isolates showed resistance to sulphonamides and two of them contained the sul 1 gene. Class 1 integrons were detected in two E. coli strains which were resistant to more than seven antibiotics. In the present study, O serotyping, antibiotic sensitivity, and polymerase chain reaction were employed with the purpose of establishing the present distribution of multiple antibiotic-resistant serotypes, associated with E. coli isolated from different parts of Cochin estuary.
Level of Escherichia coli in Seafood in Domestic Trade and their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern
Fishery Technology, 2005
Bacteriological quality of fish/shellfish sold in retail outlets in and around Cochin, India was studied. The TPC for the different samples varied from 5.5 to 8.5 log cfu/g. The total Enterobacteriaceae count varied from 2.5 to 6.5 log cfu/g. The lactose fermenters count and total coliforms count varied from 2 to 6 log cfu/g. Seafood samples had Escherichia coli count ranging from 2 to 5.5 log cfu/g. The faecal streptococci count was between 2 to 5 log cfu/ g. The majority of the E.coli isolates showed a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index of more than 0.5, suggesting that they may be from high risk sources. Only a low percentage of samples were acceptable for human consumption as per Indian Standards for market sold fresh fishes. Higher count of microbial indicator organisms confirms possible presence of bacteria of public health significance and demands stringent improvement in handling and sanitary practices in the markets.