Bi-directional Relationship between Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 2009
Abstract: Background: The search for cellular mechanisms linking periodontitis to changes in systemic health has resulted in the evolution of a new area of lipid research. So far the causality and possible pathways of the association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease is obscure.Method: A total of 120 subjects were included in the study with 30 subjects in each of the following groups: healthy group (A), chronic periodontitis group (B), coronary heart disease (CHD + periodontitis group) (C) and CHD − periodontitis group (D). All subjects underwent oral examination and their Gingival Index, Oral Hygiene Index, Periodontal Disease Index scores and attachment loss were recorded. Two millilitres of fasting venous blood sample was drawn and tested for the level of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride level.Results and Conclusion: The results revealed no significant difference with respect to the lipid profile levels between the four groups. Interpreting the results of the study, periodontal disease did not cause an increase in total CHL, LDL or triglyceride levels or a decrease in the HDL levels in an otherwise systemically healthy individual or in a CHD patient. Periodontitis in a CHD patient did not seem to exacerbate the destruction of periodontal tissue. Higher triglyceride levels did not have any correlation with the severity of attachment loss in a periodontitis subject.
Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Risk
Revista de Chimie
Atherosclerosis is a major component of the cardiovascular diseases and is centered by inflammation but its well-known predictors do not explain some of the atherosclerotic vascular disease events, generating the need to look for independent additional risk factors. Periodontitis, a chronic infection produced by oral bacteria and affecting the supporting structures of the teeth, seems to be linked with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease through several mechanisms, like genetic susceptibility, systemic inflammation, infection, and the molecular mimicry, the association being worsened in the presence of diabetes. The epidemiological studies revealed a modest but significant association between periodontal infections and cardiovascular disease, independent of the effect of confounding factors, but the definite effect of periodontitis and its treatment on the incidence of cardiovascular events requires further clarifications.
Association between serum lipid levels and periodontal infection
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2008
Background and Objective Several studies have reported that serum antibodies against periodontal pathogens are related not only to periodontal status but also to systemic conditions, such as glycemic control and serum lipids. Therefore, this study examined the associations of serum IgG antibodies against periodontal pathogens with periodontal status and serum lipid levels in community dwellers. Materials and Methods A community-based cross-sectional study of 409 subjects (140 men, 269 women) aged ≥ 40 years who had at least 5 teeth was conducted in Goto, Japan in 2009 and 2010. Results The serum IgG levels against Porphyromonas gingivalis were significantly associated with periodontal parameters and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in men. According to a multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for covariates, the serum IgG levels against P. gingivalis were inversely related to serum HDL-C (B = −0.1; P = 0.004). Association of the Serum IgG level Against Periodontal Bacteria with Periodontal Status and Serum Lipid Levels e12 Conclusion This study suggests that an elevated immune response to the periodontal pathogen is independently correlated with lower serum HDL-C level in community-dwelling men.
Periodontitis and Cardiovasculardisease: Association and Risk
City Dental College Journal, 2013
Periodontitis has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.Two internet databases were selected in search of appropriate papers for the study purpose: i)the National Library of Medicine,Washington DC,USA (MEDLINE-PubMed) and ii) HINARI Access to Research in Health Program,World Health Organization,Geneva,Switzerland.Both databases were searched from 1985 to 2009.In the past decades, there has been renewed interest in the old hypothesis that infections increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.Atherosclerosis has a major inflammatory component and the main underlying pathological pathway for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Periodontal pathogens may be involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary heart disease.Periodontal pathogenPorphyromonasgingivalis caused atherosclerosis in experimental animals and have been found in human atherosclerotic lesions.The nature of association is unclear because both periodonti...
Cardiovascular disease versus periodontal disease: chronic systemic infection as a link
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 2011
Objective: Analysis of the alleged connection between the periodontal and cardiovascular disease, with reference to periodontal pathogens as a risk factor for heart disease. Researching method: A research was carried out at Medline/Pubmed. Included criteria and researching strategy. The articles selection has been made taking into account key-terms appearing either in the title or in the summary. Experimental studies in animals, clinical prospective studies performed with a minimum sample size (>30) and studies written in English have been included. The rejected criteria were the following: clinical retrospective studies and/or studies carried out with a low sample size (n<30). Results: Within systemic diseases related to periodontal ones, the alleged link between periodontal and heart and circulatory disease has been one of the most investigated in recent times. Different authors consider the existence of a link between the diseases as such, inappropriate and implausible since both the diseases have risk factors in common (age, gender, smoking, diet, oral hygiene and diabetes). However, speculations about the origin of the diseases were raised when it was demonstrated that some bacteria species, bacteria proteins and lipopolysaccharide are present at the plaques of atherosclerosis that obstruct the coronary arteries. The mechanisms of this connection have been analyzed following an actualized review. Conclusion: Most of the experimental and clinical studies ensure that a positive association between periodontal disease and heart disease has been found, once the con-founder factors have been eliminated.
Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, 2021
The role of periodontal disease in the etiology of cardiovascular disease has recently received considerable attention. Previous studies have shown conflicting results as to whether periodontitis is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, however, numerous recent studies have demonstrated that patients with chronic destructive periodontitis show evidence of systemic inflammation which can link chronic periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, periodontitis and cardiovascular disease, share the same risk factors such as smoking, male gender, aging and diabetes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether such an association exists and to explore the mechanistic link between local and systemic inflammation and the relative role of the host response. The current study adds to the strong evidence for an association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease, however, does not prove causation. Further research is needed to clarify the strength of association between cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease.
Periodontitis as a Risk Factor of Atherosclerosis
Journal of Immunology Research, 2014
Over the last two decades, the amount of evidence corroborating an association between dental plaque bacteria and coronary diseases that develop as a result of atherosclerosis has increased. These findings have brought a new aspect to the etiology of the disease. There are several mechanisms by which dental plaque bacteria may initiate or worsen atherosclerotic processes: activation of innate immunity, bacteremia related to dental treatment, and direct involvement of mediators activated by dental plaque and involvement of cytokines and heat shock proteins from dental plaque bacteria. There are common predisposing factors which influence both periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Both diseases can be initiated in early childhood, although the first symptoms may not appear until adulthood. The formation of lipid stripes has been reported in 10-year-old children and the increased prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is a risk factor contributing to lipid stripes development. ...
Periodontal infections and cardiovascular disease: the heart of the matter
The Journal of the American Dental …, 2006
Summary. An association exists between periodontal disease and CVD. It is unknown, however, whether this relationship is causal or coincidental. Early studies predominantly used nonspecific clinical and radiographic definitions of periodontal disease as surrogates for ...