Impact of nanotechnology on conventional and artificial intelligence-based biosensing strategies for the detection of viruses (original) (raw)

New Age Detection of Viruses: The Nano-Biosensors

2021

Viruses and their related diseases have always posed a significant hazard to humans. The current pandemic caused by the Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is the latest illustration of what this tiny organism can do to humanity at large, putting everything on the brink of collapse. So it is reasonable that early diagnosis of infection from viruses remains a crucial step to prevent such human suffering. Many traditional methods are already in use for detecting viruses, including molecular approaches, serological methods, direct virus culture methods, and so on. Such traditional methods though are brilliant at some stages but are not devoid of drawbacks. To overcome the limits of conventional procedures, new techniques have been developed which tried to eradicate the demerits of the former procedures. Biosensors have come up with a lot of promises in terms of detecting viruses and diseases connected with them. The development of various types of such biosensors such as Affinity-based nano-bi...

NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR DETECTION OF DISEASES CAUSED BY VIRUSES-CURRENT OVERVIEW Review Article

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021

Nanotechnology is having a high impact on the development of a novel class of biosensors called nanobiosensors. This technology has utilized some extremely exciting elements for sensing phenomenon improvement. The utilization of nano-materials, nano-rods, nano-particles, nano-tubes have aided rapid, reliable reproducibility and its detection in a much better way. The unique properties of nanobiosensors and its varied applications have influenced biosensing research. Since longtime, nanobiosensors have been utilized worldwide for the diagnosis of diseases co-related with molecular detection of biomarkers. This paper highlights the use of such nanobiosensors for the detection of the virus, infections, fungal pathogens, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) related diseases such as Cardiovascular diseases (CDVs), Renal Arthritis (RA) through different techniques including electrochemical biosensing, optical biosensing, point of care-diagnostics etc.

Advanced Smart Material Based Nano sensors for Viral Detections

Journal of Fiber Bioengineering and Informatics, 2021

Now-a-days, researchers focus on the use of smart materials due to their multiple functional capabilities. A "smart material" is one having a nano level structure that can responds in a specialised and controlled way to influence on its sensing mechanisms. Due to the multiple properties of smart materials, they have a great influence on current analytical methods and diagnostic strategies by reorganizing the sensing modules for nano-sized objects (protein biomarkers and viruses) and biomolecules detection. Incontestably, current sensing mechanisms need a continuous update for addressing the growing challenges in the field of diagnosis for viruses because these viruses altered and spread rapidly from person-topersons. It becomes critical to take into consideration several factors for viral diagnosis ranging from the type and quality of specimen collected, mode of transport, time of specimen collection, level of accuracy or specificity, viral detection sensitivity, and the type of diagnostic method used. In this review, we briefly explained the principle and different types of smart materials being used for diagnosing infectious viruses. The development in the field of smart material based nano sensors with resource-scarce settings is further discussed and elaborated the pros and cons of current methods for viral detection as a conclusion and future perspective.

Accepted Manuscript Nanomaterial-based biosensors for detection of pathogenic virus

Viruses, are real menace to human safety that causes devastating viral disease. The high prevalence of these diseases is due to improper detecting tools. Therefore, there is a remarkable demand to identify viruses in a fast, selective and accurate way. Several biosensors have been designed and commercialized for detection of pathogenic viruses. However, they present many challenges. Nanotechnology overcome these challenges and perform direct detection of molecular targets in real time. In this overview, studies concerning nanotechnology-based biosensors for pathogenic virus detection have been summarized, paying special attention to biosensors based on graphene oxide, silica, carbon nanotubes , gold, silver, zinc oxide and magnetic nanoparticles, which could pave the way to detect viral diseases and provide healthy life for infected patients.

An Alternative Medical Diagnosis Method: Biosensors for Virus Detection

Biosensors, 2019

Infectious diseases still pose an omnipresent threat to global and public health, especially in many countries and rural areas of cities. Underlying reasons of such serious maladies can be summarized as the paucity of appropriate analysis methods and subsequent treatment strategies due to the limited access of centralized and equipped health care facilities for diagnosis. Biosensors hold great impact to turn our current analytical methods into diagnostic strategies by restructuring their sensing module for the detection of biomolecules, especially nano-sized objects such as protein biomarkers and viruses. Unquestionably, current sensing platforms require continuous updates to address growing challenges in the diagnosis of viruses as viruses change quickly and spread largely from person-to-person, indicating the urgency of early diagnosis. Some of the challenges can be classified in biological barriers (specificity, low number of targets, and biological matrices) and technological li...

Viral Nano-Bio-Sensing and SARS-CoV-2: A Literature Review

Cyprus Journal of Medical Sciences

As new advancements and technologies are emerging in this world, so is the spread of new diseases. The world, as we know it, is moving very fast. With this pace, diseases are also borne. The spread of new viruses, such as coronavirus disease-2019, require new technologies faster and more precise than ever before. Countries all around the world are connected, and moving from place to place has become easy. For that reason, pandemics are an increasing threat. A disease is considered a pandemic when it has spread through a large area, possibly worldwide and has become an international threat. In order to limit the spread of diseases, or viruses in particular, the early detection and diagnosis of patients is essential to decrease the number of infections. Biosensors play an important role in the medical field, such as in viral detection. Nanotechnology has gained a lot of interest in its use in bio-sensing. Nano-biosensors have shown more advanced properties than regular biosensors and thus are able to detect diseases faster and more precisely than before. Our main focus in this literature review is to explore new technologies and advancements made with nanotechnology and bio-sensing in viral detection, especially in the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2.

Biosensors as Nano-Analytical Tools for COVID-19 Detection

Sensors

Selective, sensitive and affordable techniques to detect disease and underlying health issues have been developed recently. Biosensors as nanoanalytical tools have taken a front seat in this context. Nanotechnology-enabled progress in the health sector has aided in disease and pandemic management at a very early stage efficiently. This report reflects the state-of-the-art of nanobiosensor-based virus detection technology in terms of their detection methods, targets, limits of detection, range, sensitivity, assay time, etc. The article effectively summarizes the challenges with traditional technologies and newly emerging biosensors, including the nanotechnology-based detection kit for COVID-19; optically enhanced technology; and electrochemical, smart and wearable enabled nanobiosensors. The less explored but crucial piezoelectric nanobiosensor and the reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)-based biosensor are also discussed here. The article could be ...

Nanobiosensors: Diagnostic Tool for Pathogen Detection

Biosensors could be a thrilling alternative to the conventional systems for the detection of toxins and pathogens. Biosensors are reliable which allow the specific detection of target analyte at minimum cost. Recent advancement in the field of nanotechnology has been used to develop highly sensitive bio-sensor’s chips by using multidisciplinary approach. This strategy could be seen as a key for developing bio-sensing devices and demonstrates rapid responses combined with high sensitivity and specificity. Indeed, these traits have nearly become standard attributes of this technological development and come up from the extremely high surface and small size nanostructure areas as nanotubes, nanowires and nanoparticles. In view of above, it is acceptable to state that biosensor technology has the prospective to augment the sensitivity and specificity, hasten the detection and enable high-throughput analysis.

Application of Nanotechnology in COVID-19 Infection: Findings and Limitations

Journal of Nanotheranostics

There is an urgent need to address the global mortality of the COVID-19 pandemic, as it reached 6.3 million as of July 2022. As such, the experts recommended the mass diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection at an early stage using nanotechnology-based sensitive diagnostic approaches. The development of nanobiosensors for Point-of-Care (POC) sampling of COVID-19 could ensure mass detection without the need for sophisticated laboratories or expert personnel. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques for POC detection was also proposed. In addition, the utilization of various antiviral nanomaterials such as Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the development of masks for personal protection mitigates viral transmission. Nowadays, nano-assisted vaccines have been approved for emergency use, but their safety and effectiveness in the mutant strain of the SARS-CoV-2 virus remain challenging. Methodology: Updated literature was sourced from various research indexing databases such as PubMed...

Emerging Technologies in Nanotechnology-Based Pathogen Detection

Clinical Microbiology Newsletter, 2009

Nanotechnology-based pathogen detection is an emerging technology that is poised to have a major impact on health care and medicine, food and agriculture, the environment, and biodefense. The technology bridges a variety of sciences, including biology, chemistry, physics, and statistics to create a new cadre of tools and capabilities that can be applied to basic and translational research, diagnostics, and commercialization. This burgeoning field has created an unprecedented array of technologies that have advanced detection, diagnosis, and imaging of chemical and biological agents and that offers the potential to facilitate detection of biomarkers of disease pathogenesis. This review provides a summary of the more prominent areas of nanotechnology-based pathogen detection.