ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF Laportea aestuans (L.) CHEW IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS (original) (raw)
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Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 2010
RESUMO: "Efeitos do extrato etanólico das folhas de Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil., Lythraceae (pacari), em modelos de dor e inflamação". O pacari (Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil., Lythraceae) é uma espécie vegetal nativa do cerrado, o extrato da casca de caule é utilizado popularmente para dores e inflamação, tendo mostrado atividade sedativa. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos do extrato etanólico das folhas do pacari (EEFP) como analgésico e antiinflamatório. As atividades analgésica e antiinflamatória foram verificadas em camundongos. O tratamento prévio com EEFP 1,0 g/kg mostrou atividade antinociceptiva tanto no método das contorções abdominais induzidas por ácido acético como também no modelo de dor induzida por formalina, tanto na fase neurogênica quanto na fase inflamatória. Os pré-tratamentos com o EEFP reduziram o edema de orelha, induzido por óleo de cróton, de forma dose-dependente. Os testes de atividade no sistema nervoso central mostraram que o extrato não provoca incoordenação motora nem hipnose ou sedação. Os resultados mostram que o EEFP mantém as atividades analgésica e antiinflamatória do extrato das cascas do caule do pacari, sendo que a coleta das folhas favorece a preservação desta espécie nativa do cerrado.
Revista de Biología Tropical, 2013
The plant, and especially the fruit of Lagenaria breviflora is widely used in folklore medicine in West Africa as a herbal remedy for the treatment of human measles, digestive disorders, and as wound antiseptics (e.g. umbilical incision wound), while livestock farmers use it for Newcastle disease and coccidiosis treatment in various animal species, especially poultry. The purpose of this study was to contribute with new information on this plant leaves extract effect, as few studies have considered their effects. We collected fresh leaves of Lagenaria breviflora from the school farm of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria in May 2011. Dried leaves were ground and a 200g sample was used to prepare the extract. The grounded leaves material was allowed to shake in 1 000mL distilled water for 48h, in an orbital shaker at room temperature of 24°C. The obtained extract was filtered and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure at 40ºC, and the thick solution was lyophilized, for a final extract yield of 12.6%. Standard phytochemical methods were used to test the presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, cyanogenetic glycosides and flavonoids. The anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous leaf extract of the plant was assessed using carrageenan-induced paw edema and histamine-induced paw edema in rats. The analgesic effect was determined using the acetic acid writhing method as well as formalin test in mice. Our results showed that the extract at 100 and 200mg/ kg body weight significantly reduced the formation of the oedema induced by carrageenan and histamine. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the extract showed a good analgesic effect characterized by reduction in the number of writhes when compared to the control. The extract caused dose-dependent decrease of licking time and licking frequency in rats injected with 2.5% formalin, signifying its analgesic effect. These results were however less than those of indomethacin, the reference drug used in this study. Since the plant extract reduced significantly the formation of oedema induced by carrageenan and histamine, as well as reduced the number of writhes in acetic acid-induced writhing models and dose-dependent decrease of licking frequency in rats injected with 2.5% formalin, the results have validated the basis for the traditional use of Lagenaria breviflora against inflamed purulent wounds, swellings, and bruises seen in some infectious diseases such as New Castle disease. Rev. Biol. Trop. 61 (1): 281-290. Epub 2013 March 01.
2012
Natural products are often a source for bioactive compounds which have great potential for developing novel therapeutic agents. In this study, two Libyan medicinal plants Helianthemum lippii (H. lippii) and Launaea residifolia (L. residifolia) were collected from El-Jabel El-Garbi (Gharian) in the Spring season (2010). They were extracted successively by using microwave technique with three different solvents of different polarities. The analgesic activity of these plant extracts was evaluated using the hot-plate method and the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using Carrageenen-induced paw edema method. The methanol and chloroform extracts exhibited significant analgesic activity at the doses tested while the petroleum ether extracts of both plants did not show any significant effect. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activities of various extracts showed a significant percentage inhibition of paw edema for H. lippii extracts in methanol and chloroform but not in petroleum ether. Moreover, the results exhibit different percentage inhibitions of paw edema for L. residifolia extracts in methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects produced by the extracts may be attributed individually or collectively to the flavonoids and tannins. H. lippii and L. residifolia can be introduced as new plant sources for analgesics and anti inflammatory agents. The methanolic and chloroform extracts of both plants showed a significant analgesic activity due to an increase in the reaction time (p<0.05) in comparison to controls, where codeine was used as standard analgesic drug. The petroleum ether extracts did not show any activity as analgesic. The anti-inflammatory activity was also evaluated using the Carrageenan-induced paw edema method, the methanolic extract of H. lippii (53.42%) exhibit activity comparable to that of aspirin standard antiinflammatory drug (62.28%) with no significant difference, while the petroleum ether extract of L. residifolia (31.65%) exhibited a moderate anti-inflammatory activity (p<0.01) in comparison with aspirin as a standard. The chloroform extract of H. lippii, the methanol and chloroform extracts of L. residifolia exhibited a weak inhibitory effect on paw edema volume with percentage inhibition of ) respectively compared to control.
Stem bark of Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl. (family Betulaceae) is used by local communities in northern areas of Pakistan as a remedy for swelling, injuries and pain. However no pharmacological study of this plant has been reported to confirm these activities. In this study antiinflammatory and analgesic effect of A. nitida stem bark have been evaluated. Methods: Powder of the stem bark of A. nitida was extracted with methanol (ANBM) and partitioned in escalating polarity to get the n-hexane (ANBH), chloroform (ANBC), ethyl acetate (ANBE) and the residual soluble aqueous (ANBA) fractions. The methanol extract and derived fractions were evaluated for antiinflammatory activity by using in vitro heat induced albumin denaturation assay and various in vivo assays; carrageenan-induced hind paw edema method, Freunds' complete adjuvant induced arthritis, histamine induced paw edema and xylene induced ear edema in Sprague Dawley rat. The extracts/fractions were also evaluated for analgesic effects by using hot plate analgesic test and acetic acid induced writhing test in rat. The ANBM composition was analyzed by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS analysis. Results: Results of heat induced albumin denaturation activity indicated that among the extract/fractions ANBC at concentration range of 100−500 µg/ml remarkably protected the heat induced albumin denaturation. The pretreatment with ANBC significantly reduced the carrageenan induced edema with 90.81 ± 1.6% after 4 h, comparing with 86.63 ± 3.42% reduction produced by the reference drug diclofenac potassium. Histopathological alterations of the gastric and hind paw were decreased with the extract/fractions. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory effects of ANBC were evident in Freunds' complete adjuvant induced arthritis, histamine induced paw edema and xylene induced ear edema. The latency time in hot plate analgesic assay with ANBC (61.59 ± 0.38%) after 90 min was comparable to standard drug morphine (69.31 ± 2.67%) and aspirin (67.24 ± 2.08%). Similarly ANBC significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited the pain sensation in acetic acid induced writhing test in rat. HPLC-DAD analysis of ANBM indicated the presence of gallic acid, catechin and rutin while the GC-MS analysis of ANBM indicated the presence of 30 compounds predominantly of neophytadiene, 3,7,11,15 tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, phytol, vitamin E and linalool. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the presence of polyphenols, sterols, terpenoids and other constituents might contributed towards the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the crude methanol extract of A. nitida bark and its derived fractions. This study endorsed the folklore use of A. nitida bark for inflammation related disorders.
Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
The aim of the study was to assess the polyphenolic profile, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of Arctium lappa, a medicinal plant traditionally used in the treatment of gout, hepatitis and other inflammatory disorders. Polyphenolic profile of a hydro-glycero-ethanolic extract from Arctium lappa roots (ALE) was evaluated by HPLC-MS method. Anti-inflammatory effect of the Arctium lappa extract (ALE) was determined by carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema test, while antinociceptive effect was determined by acetic acid induced writhing test in mice and Randall Selitto test in rats. HPLC-MS analysis of the extract showed the presence of chlorogenic acid (158.9 μg/mL) and quercitrin (14.4 μg/mL). The administration of ALE reduced the oedema formation in the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema test, especially at dose of 500 mg/kg, the results being statistically significant and dose-dependent. Also, ALE showed statistically significant and dose-dependent antinociceptive effects...
Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus acidus (Family: Phyllanthaceae) leaves on swiss albino mice. Study Design: The extract was divided into two concentrations (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight) and was used for the examination of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities on swiss albino mice. Methodology: The analgesic activity was evaluated using acetic acid induced writhing method, formalin induced paw licking method, tail immersion method and eddy's hot plate method. Carrageenan induced hind paw edema was performed to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity. Results: The extract exhibited significant (P < .001) inhibition of writhing at the dose 200 mg/kg body weight compared to control in acetic acid induced writhing method. In formalin induced paw Original Research Article Hossain et al.; EJMP, 13(1): 1-10, 2016; Article no.EJMP.24361 2 licking method, both the early and late phases significantly (P < .001) increased analgesia in a dose dependant manner. The extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight was highly significant (P < .001) at 1h interval as compared to control in both tail immersion and eddy's hot plate method and inhibited 52.94% and 50% analgesia respectively. In anti-inflammatory activity test, the crude extract was highly significant (P < .001) and inhibited inflammation with time in a dose dependant manner. Conclusion: Our study reveals that P. acidus leaves extract possess significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity and the dose 200 mg/kg body weight is more significant than 100 mg/kg body weight in all of the methods.
Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr (Anacardiaceae), a Bangladeshi medicinal plant, has long been used in indigenous medicine. The plant is reported to be used in the traditional medicine for all local swelling, pain and inflammation and in the treatment of tumour, ulcers, cancer, sprains, bruises, skin diseases, and dysentery. Both the leaves and the stem bark have painkilling and astringent property and so, mixed with toothpowder for use in toothache. The leaves are copped as fodder and fed the livestock in inflammatory and digestive problems. In this study, ethanol extracts of the leaves and stem bark of this traditionally valuable medicinal plant were screened for analgesic activity on acetic acid induced Swiss-albino mice-Mus musculus in vivo for the first time as well as studied for some important phytochemical groups. The dried extracts were dissolved in 99.8% ethanol and qualitatively analysed for bioactive chemical groups-alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, gums, reducing sugars, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins using standard chromogenic reagents. The colour intensity or the precipitate formation was used as analytical responses to these tests. Both the extracts were found to contain steroidal compounds, tannins, gums, reducing sugars, alkaloids as well as flavonoids as their major bioactive phytochemical groups. In analgesic activity test, the bark extract produced 92.92 % writhing inhibition and the leaf extract produced 95.14% writhing inhibition at the dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight compared to the standard diclofenac Na that inhibit 78.54% writhing inhibition at the dose of 25 mg/kg body weight by acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. Based on the results, it could be concluded that the ethanol extract of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr leaves and bark possess significant analgesic activity and mood of action might involve a peripheral mechanism. The results rationalize its use in folkloric remedies especially against pain and inflammation.
Analgesic activity of lagenaria siceraria root extract by tail flick method in albino mice
IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2018
Introduction: Analgesics relieve pain which otherwise can cause distress and suffering. But analgesics like NSAIDs and opioids can cause side effects like gastric irritation, tolerance and dependence. Hence it is essential to develop new compounds with analgesic potential. Objectives: To evaluate the analgesic potential of ethanolic extract (EE) of Lagenaria siceraria (L. siceraria) root by tail flick method in albino mice. Materials and Methods: Animals were allocated to four groups. Group 1(control) was administered normal saline. Group 2 was given aspirin 40 mg/kg (Standard). EE of L. siceraria roots 100 mg/kg BW was given to Group 3. Group 4 was given EE of L. siceraria roots 200 mg/kg BW. All administrations were per oral. Analgesic potential was analysed by tail flick method. Results: EE of L. siceraria roots (100 mg/kg BW) increased the reaction time significantly at 15 minutes (p < 0> Conclusion: The EE of L. siceraria roots possess analgesic activity in albino mice. Keywords: L. siceraria, Analgesic, Albino mice, Tail flick