Characterization of Candida albicans isolates from the oral cavity of HIV-positive patients (original) (raw)
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Journal of medical microbiology, 2000
Opportunist infections involving Candida albicans often develop in HIV-positive patients and oral lesions tend to become more frequent as the disease progresses. Previous studies have shown contrasting results concerning the variability of the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) subtypes of C. albicans observed in HIV-positive patients. Carriage of C. albicans was determined by an oral rinse technique; 41 strains of C. albicans (78% serotype A and 22% serotype B) were isolated. There was a direct correlation between candidal load (cfu/ml) and the blood HIV load, whereas there was an inverse correlation with the stage of disease and the CD4 cell counts. The PFGE patterns of isolates were variable with regard to the number and positions of bands. The variability of the band sizes in some run positions showed a Gaussian distribution. Generally, the most frequent size variants were associated with the strains with the highest cfu/ml and lowest CD4 counts (< or =200 cells/microl)....
Biotypes of Cândida albicans isolates from aids patients
Revista de Patologia Tropical, 2007
The phenotypic features of C. albicans oral isolates recovered from AIDS patients were determined by serotyping, morphotyping and biotyping in nine media with different biochemical charaeterístics. The patients were divided into: Group l, comprising subjects with detectable lesions of lhe oral mucosa and Group 2, corresponding to carrier patients. Despite observing a greater frequency of serotype B isolates among subjects with symptomatic oral candidosis as compared to lhe other group of patients, these results were not statistically significam. When correlating lhe presence of serotypes A and B with T lymphocyte counts, we verified thal occurrence of serotype B was more prevalent (p<0.05) than serotype A in individuais with CD4"" T < 200 cells/mm3. The occurrence of fringes greater than 3 mm in length was a typical feature of the oral isolates from our AIDS patients, though no differences in this respect were detected between the two groups of subjects. A lack of ability to assimilate urea and sorbose and variation in sensibility to 5-fluorocytosine were also features expressed by the majority of the isolates, with a predominance of the biotype 347 in 51.9% of ali the oral isolates studied.
Biotypes of Candida albicans isolates from the oral mucosa of HIV seropositive and control subjects
Purpose: This study evaluated the Candida albicans biotypes from oral mucosa according to some host variables, such as HIV infection; medication use – protease inhibitors (PI), non protease inhibitors (NPI) or no medication (NM); dental prosthesis wearing (PW) or not (NPW); and yeast variables (activity levels of protease and phospholipase). Methods: Samples from the oral mucosa of 193 HIV + subjects and 205 HIV – subjects were collected by means of sterile swabs and seeded onto Sabouraud dextrose agar. The isolates were identified by microculture on slide, germ tube formation, auxanogram, and zimogram. Ninety-two isolates were obtained from HIV + individuals: 49 from patients under PI, 31 from patients under NPI and 12 from patients with no medication. The control group comprised 63 isolates from HIV – patients.
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2008
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) continues to be a common opportunistic infection in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and is predictive of increasing immunosuppression. Though Candida albicans remains the predominant isolate, a rise in the frequency of isolation of non-albicans Candida (NAC) species is being observed. The levels of virulence and the sensitivities to available antifungal drugs vary among these species. Of 340 HIV seropositive patients in this study, 132 (38.8%) had oral lesions suggestive of candidiasis. Samples were collected from the lesion using sterile cotton swabs. Isolation and speciation were done by standard techniques. Antifungal drug susceptibility testing was done by macro broth dilution. The total number of Candida isolates was 135, of which, 45 (33.3%) were NAC species and 90 were C.albicans (66.6%). Of the NAC species, C. dubliniensis was the predominant pathogen (22,48.9%). Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that 14 (31.1%...
Prevalence of Oral Candida Albicans Infection in HIV Sero-Positive Patients in Abakaliki
American Journal of Life Sciences, 2013
Oral thrush is commonly associated with HIV infection. The causative agent is a yeast strain that is originally a commensal of the oral cavity. Most species of the genus Candida that causes oral candidasis in HIV patients if not properly identified and treated with the drug of choice could result in resistant to the drugs and make treatment very difficult. This study was carried out to establsish the species spectrum of the common yeast(Candida albicans) associated with oral candidiasis in HIV patients on antiretroviral treatment in Abakaliki. A total of 240 samples were collected from HIV sero-positive males(64) and females(176) at the two hospitals. 40 control samples from HIV sero-negative persons were also collected. The samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and Candida species were isolated and characterized using germ tube test and sugar fermentation tests. Out of the 240 subjects(HIV sero-positive patients) examined for oral candidiasis, the carriage rate of oral candidiasis were 12.5%(30/240). Candida albicans accounted for 80.00% in HIV sero-postive patients, followed by Candida pseudotropicalis(10.0%). More women, 21(8.75) had oral candidiasis than men 9(3.75%). HIV patients whether or not on drugs were predisposed to oral candidiasis. C. albicans(76.19%) is the commonest species associated with HIV infected patients on ART(Active Retroviral Therapy) followed by Candida pseudotropicalis(14.29%), Candida tropicalis(4.76%) and Candida parapsilosis(4.76%). Among the patients not on ART Candida albicans(88.89%) was most prevalent, followed by Candida guilliermondii(11.11%). C. albicans still remains the leading cause of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV infected persons within the study population. Constant identification of isolates of yeasts infecting HIV infected persons and the immune compromised will further enhance the appropriate treatment and minimize the spread emergence of antifungal resistance.
High Oral Carriage of Non-albicans Candida spp. among HIV-infected individuals
International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2016
Non-albicans Candida (NAC) spp. in immunocompromised patients are linked to invasive infections with narrow treatment choice. This study aimed at comparing the oral colonization of NAC spp. between HIV and non-HIV infected individuals in Mwanza, Tanzania. Oral rinse of 351 HIV-infected and 639 non-HIV infected individuals were collected between March and July 2015. Phenotypic identifications of Candida spp. was done using Candida Chromogenic agar and confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. NAC spp. were detected in 36/351 (10.3%) HIV-infected individuals compared to 28/639 (4.4%) of non-HIV infected individuals; P=0.0003. In HIV infected individuals, commonly isolated NAC spp. were Candida tropicalis, 10(2.8%), C. krusei (Issatschenki orientalis) 9(2.6%) and C. glabrata 8(2.3%). While for non-HIV infected individuals C. dubliniensis 8(1.3%) and C. tropicalis 5(0.9%) were commonly detected. As CD4 count/μl decreases by one unit the risk of being colonized by NAC spp. among HIV infected individual...
Oral Candida isolates among HIV-infected subjects in Nigeria
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 2011
Background: Nigeria is a West African country of more than 150 million persons with the second highest case of HIV/AIDS infected patients in the world. The species spectrum of oral yeast colonization and the susceptibility to a wide range of antifungal agents is poorly understood in Nigeria especially in the south east, south south, and the northern axis. This study evaluates the species spectrum of oral colonization by Candida species in HIV-infected patients in Nigeria and the in vitro susceptibility pattern of the Candida isolates to a broad range of antifungal agents. Methods: Two hundred oropharyngeal swabs from HIV-infected patients and 100 age-matched healthy controls were screened for yeast isolates using standard procedures and confirmed by the analytical profile index 20C along with other biochemical tests. In vitro susceptibility testing of the yeast isolates to antifungals were performed using the broth microdilution method protocol recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Scientific Institute. Results: Of 200 patients screened, 120 (60%) were colonized by yeasts. C albicans was the dominating species in both groups with 54 (45%) isolated from HIV subjects. The non-albicans Candida species accounted for 55% with C tropicalis 22 (18.3%) showing the highest frequency. We observed that 11.7% of all yeasts isolates were resistant to fluconazole, 8.3% to flucytosine, 7.5% to itraconazole, and 1.7% to voriconazole. All isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and most of them demonstrated very low voriconazole minimal inhibitory concentrations. Apart from C albicans, C tropicalis and C parapsilosis isolates were also recovered from apparently healthy control subjects. Conclusion: Although C albicans continues to be the dominant Candida species in oral Candida carriage of HIV-infected patients in Nigeria, the nonalbicans Candida species are increasing. Furthermore, the finding of resistant isolates in our study emphasizes the need for antifungal
Characterization of candida species isolated from the oral mucosa of HIV-positive African patients
2013
List of Tables xix Chapter 1: Review of the Literature 1.1 Candida in HIV infection 1 1.2 Susceptibility and resistance to treatment 4 1.3 Transmission of drug resistant Candida isolates 7 1.4 Fluconazole susceptibility testing 8 1.5 Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy and antifungal use 9 iii 1.6 Techniques used in the study of Candida 1.7 Techniques used in protein identification 1.7.1 Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
Multicenter Brazilian Study of Oral Candida Species Isolated from Aids Patients
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2002
Oropharyngeal candidiasis continues to be considered the most common opportunistic disease in Aids patients. This study was designed to investigate species distribution, serotype and antifungal susceptibility profile among Candida spp. isolated from the oral cavity of Aids patients recruited from six Brazilian university centers. Oral swabs from 130 Aids patients were plated onto CHROMagar Candida medium and 142 isolates were recovered. Yeast isolates were identified by classical methods and serotyped using the Candida Check® system-Iatron. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to the NCCLS microbroth assay. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species (91%), and 70% of the isolates belonged to serotype A. We detected 12 episodes of co-infection (9%), including co-infection with both serotypes of C. albicans. Non-albicans species were isolated from 12 episodes, 50% of them exhibited DDS or resistance to azoles. Otherwise, only 8 out 130 isolates of C. albicans exhibited DDS or resistance to azoles. Brazilian Aids patients are infected mainly by C. albicans serotype A, most of them susceptible to all antifungal drugs.
Journal of infection in developing countries, 2013
Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a common occurrence in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression. Changes in the clinical severity of oropharyngeal candidiasis and type of Candida species profile may be a reflection of immunological changes in patients. The aim of this study was to undertake a baseline Candida species identification for future reference. Oral swabs of 267 HIV-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis were cultured and Candida species were identified by API 32 C. A total of 201 (75.3%) Candida species and 10 (3.7%) non candida fungi were identified. Twenty different Candida species were isolated. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species (68.5%) followed by C. tropicalis (7.4%), C. krusei (6.4%), C. parapsilosis (3.0%) and C. sake (2.5%). Other species ranged from 0.5% to 1.5%. Positive culture was independent of whether patients were on anti-retroviral therapy or not. Of all Candida isolates, 68.5% were identified as C. albicans....