Biotypes of Cândida albicans isolates from aids patients (original) (raw)
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Characterization of Candida albicans isolates from the oral cavity of HIV-positive patients
PubMed, 1998
Characterization of Candida albicans isolates from the oral cavity of Ethiopian Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive patients and HIV-negative individuals was undertaken. After identification of isolates using conventional methods and determination of carbohydrate assimilation profiles, serotyping was performed by slide agglutination with the Iatron IF6 serotyping system. Sensitivity of the isolates to 5-Fluorocytosine (5-FC) was assessed using the broth macrodilution method. There was no difference in phenotype, by any of the three methods used, between the HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. Serotype A was found to be dominant in strains isolated from both HIV-positive (34/40 = 85%) and HIV-negative (17/20 = 85%) study subjects. These data suggest that the C. albicans strains causing oral candidiasis in patients with HIV infection are identical to the commensal ones found in healthy individuals.
Journal of medical microbiology, 2000
Opportunist infections involving Candida albicans often develop in HIV-positive patients and oral lesions tend to become more frequent as the disease progresses. Previous studies have shown contrasting results concerning the variability of the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) subtypes of C. albicans observed in HIV-positive patients. Carriage of C. albicans was determined by an oral rinse technique; 41 strains of C. albicans (78% serotype A and 22% serotype B) were isolated. There was a direct correlation between candidal load (cfu/ml) and the blood HIV load, whereas there was an inverse correlation with the stage of disease and the CD4 cell counts. The PFGE patterns of isolates were variable with regard to the number and positions of bands. The variability of the band sizes in some run positions showed a Gaussian distribution. Generally, the most frequent size variants were associated with the strains with the highest cfu/ml and lowest CD4 counts (< or =200 cells/microl)....
Biotypes of Candida albicans isolates from the oral mucosa of HIV seropositive and control subjects
Purpose: This study evaluated the Candida albicans biotypes from oral mucosa according to some host variables, such as HIV infection; medication use – protease inhibitors (PI), non protease inhibitors (NPI) or no medication (NM); dental prosthesis wearing (PW) or not (NPW); and yeast variables (activity levels of protease and phospholipase). Methods: Samples from the oral mucosa of 193 HIV + subjects and 205 HIV – subjects were collected by means of sterile swabs and seeded onto Sabouraud dextrose agar. The isolates were identified by microculture on slide, germ tube formation, auxanogram, and zimogram. Ninety-two isolates were obtained from HIV + individuals: 49 from patients under PI, 31 from patients under NPI and 12 from patients with no medication. The control group comprised 63 isolates from HIV – patients.
Multicenter Brazilian Study of Oral Candida Species Isolated from Aids Patients
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2002
Oropharyngeal candidiasis continues to be considered the most common opportunistic disease in Aids patients. This study was designed to investigate species distribution, serotype and antifungal susceptibility profile among Candida spp. isolated from the oral cavity of Aids patients recruited from six Brazilian university centers. Oral swabs from 130 Aids patients were plated onto CHROMagar Candida medium and 142 isolates were recovered. Yeast isolates were identified by classical methods and serotyped using the Candida Check® system-Iatron. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to the NCCLS microbroth assay. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species (91%), and 70% of the isolates belonged to serotype A. We detected 12 episodes of co-infection (9%), including co-infection with both serotypes of C. albicans. Non-albicans species were isolated from 12 episodes, 50% of them exhibited DDS or resistance to azoles. Otherwise, only 8 out 130 isolates of C. albicans exhibited DDS or resistance to azoles. Brazilian Aids patients are infected mainly by C. albicans serotype A, most of them susceptible to all antifungal drugs.
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
The aim of this study was to assess a collection of yeasts to verify the presence of Candida dubliniensis among strains isolated from the oral mucosa of AIDS pediatric patients which were initially characterized as Candida albicans by the traditional phenotypic method, as well as to evaluate the main phenotypic methods used in the discrimination between the two species and confirm the identification through genotypic techniques, i.e., DNA sequencing. Twenty-nine samples of C. albicans isolated from this population and kept in a fungi collection were evaluated and re-characterized. In order to differentiate the two species, phenotypic tests (Thermotolerance tests, Chromogenic medium, Staib agar, Tobacco agar, Hypertonic medium) were performed and genotypic techniques using DNA sequencing were employed for confirmation of isolated species. Susceptibility and specificity were calculated for each test. No phenotypic test alone was sufficient to provide definitive identification of C. dubliniensis or C. albicans, as opposed to results of molecular tests. After amplification and sequencing of specific regions of the 29 studied strains, 93.1% of the isolates were identified as C. albicans and 6.9% as C. dubliniensis. The Staib agar assay showed a higher susceptibility (96.3%) in comparison with other phenotypic techniques. Therefore, genotypic methods are indispensable for the conclusive identification and differentiation between these species.
Journal of Dental Research and Scientific Development, 2014
Objectives: Candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections affecting the oral cavity in HIV-seropositive patients. Various Candida species, (both albicans as well as non-albicans) are identified as the causative organisms. These species are identified by various methods. Chromogenic media are frequently used in direct and rapid identification of yeasts as different Candida species produce different colors on these media. Difference in expression of putative virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility pattern among different Candida species has raised the need for species-level identification. This study aims at identifying various Candida species using HiChrom agar in HIV-seropositive patients in different clinical variants of oral candidiasis. Materials and Methods: Swabs were collected from 30 HIV-seropositive patients with oral candidiasis. HiChrome agar was used to identify the Candida species. Results: Based on the color of the colonies on HiChrom agar we found that 46.6% (n = 14) patients showed a combination of light green and purple color colonies of C. albicans and C. tropicalis, 16.6% (n = 5) cases showed light green colonies of C. albicans, 13.3% (n = 4) cases produced dark green colonies of C. dublienisis, 10% (n = 3) cases produced pink color colonies of C. glabrata, 6.6% (n = 2) produced off white colonies of C. parapsilosis, 3.3% (n = 1) produced deep blue colonies of C. tropicalis and 3.3% (n = 1) cases showed combination of off white and purple color colonies of C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. C. albicans as well as mixed Candida species were commonly seen in pseudomembranous oral candidiasis. Conclusions: Identification of these species is important to target the specific drug for treatment. germ tube test, corn meal agar, carbohydrate fermentation and assimilation test are performed but these procedures are labor intensive and take longer time for identification. To facilitate rapid identification, several chromogenic substrate containing culture media have been developed. The use of HiChrom agar has been reported to be valuable for the rapid and precise identification of albicans and non-albican species. [8] This study aims at identifying various Candida species using HiChrom agar in HIV-seropositive patients in different clinical variants of oral candidiasis as some Candida species are resistant to few antifungal agents. Identification of species becomes important to target the specific species with appropriate drug therapy. Materials and Methods The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of D Y Patil Dental College and National AIDS Research Institute. HIV-seropositive patients with oral candidiasis attending the outpatient department of National AIDS Research Institute (NARI) Clinic, Pune were included in the study.
Medical Mycology Journal, 2011
Genotype characteristics and distribution of commensal Candida albicans should be studied to predict the development of candidiasis, however, extensive genotype analysis of commensal C. albicans has not been made. In this study, 508 C. albicans isolates were collected from patients with/without candidiasis and divided into 4 isolate groups(SG-1, oral cavity of non-candidiasis patients; SG-2, patients with cutaneous candidiasis; SG-3, patients with vaginal candidiasis; SG-4, patients with candidemia). These isolates were characterized to study the relationship between genotypes and pathogenicity using microsatellite analysis.
Human immune deficiency virus [HIV] infected seropositive patient suffer from a lot of opportunistic infection because of defective immune response. The defective immune response in HIV seropositive patient is due to the depletion of CD4 lymphocytes with advancing stages of HIV infections. Oral candidiasis is commonly affecting opportunistic infections in patients. The predominant species affecting is candida albicans. Oral candidiasis is seen in increasing frequency in reduced CD4counts.this article gives an attempt to an over view of oral candidiasis in HIV relationship of oral candidiasis with CD4count.various modalities of diagnosis and treatment of oral candidiasis.