Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles in Photosynthetic Plants (original) (raw)
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Review on Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated Plant
2020
Nanotechnology has dramatically developed as an important field of modern research with potential effects in electronic and medicine and they are the particles with a characteristic size range from 1 100 nm. Nanoparticles are at the leading edge of nanoscience and nanotechnology since, the applications of nanosize materials have increased significantly. Nanoscale materials have been used in chronic disease diagnostics, food industry, pharmaceutical, nanoengineering and nanochemistry to enhance the immobilization and activity of catalysts [1]. Recently, green synthesis of nanoparticles has received particular interest in various fields ranging from material science to biotechnology [2]. Green synthesis of nanoparticles from plant extracts is an important branch in biosynthesis reaction. Bulk production of metal nanoparticles was synthesized from several microorganisms, such as yeasts, fungi and bacteria. The synthesis of metal nanoparticles from plant extract has drawn attention rece...
Plant-Based Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Characterization
Nanotechnology and Plant Sciences, 2015
Nanotechnology is a very promising area of research which involves the production of nanomaterials as the basic strategy. Although artificial synthesis of nanomaterials were initiated by using chemical and physical approaches, but recently the biological synthesis methods are being widely used as ecofriendly alternatives. Plant-based synthesis of nanomaterials is better because of its ease of handling, rapidity, and cost-effective nature along with environmental friendliness. A wide range of applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) creates a focal point for attention of researchers. In view of published studies, in this chapter, we critically assess the role of plants in the synthesis of AgNPs, the characterization methods, applications of biologically synthesized AgNPs in various fields and future perspectives.
Plant Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles-A Review
International Journal of Plant Biology & Research, 2015
Developing an environment friendly process for synthesis of nanoparticles is a significant step in the field of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology involves the tailoring of materials at the atomic level to attain unique properties, which can be suitably manipulated for the desired applications. Among the all metallic nanoparticles silver nanoparticles draw more attention due to its unique physical, chemical and biological properties. Green protocol of synthesizing nanoparticles has emerged as an alternative to overcome the limitation of conventional methods. Plant and microorganisms are majorly applied for green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Using plants towards synthesis of nanoparticles are emerging and also beneficial compared to microbes with the presence of broad variability of bio-molecules in plants which can act as capping/stabilizing and reducing agents and so increases the rate of reduction and stabilization of synthesized nanoparticles. Among all organisms plants seem to be the best candidates for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and they are suitable for large-scale biosynthesis. Nanoparticles produced by plants are more stable and the rate of synthesis is faster than in the case of microorganisms. This review focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using various plant sources.
Plant mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles-tapping the unexploited sources
scholarsresearchlibrary.com
Interest in "green nanotechnology" in nanoparticle biosynthesis is growing among researchers. Nanotechnologies, due to their physicochemical and biological properties, have applications in diverse fields, including drug delivery, sensors, optoelectronics, and magnetic devices. This review focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant sources. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an eco-friendly approach, which should be further explored for the potential of different plants to synthesize nanoparticles. The sizes of AgNPs are in the range of 1 to 100 nm. Characterization of synthesized nanoparticles is accomplished through UV spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. AgNPs have great potential to act as antimicrobial agents. The green synthesis of AgNPs can be efficiently applied for future engineering and medical concerns. Different types of cancers can be treated and/or controlled by phytonanotechnology. The present review provides a comprehensive survey of plant-mediated synthesis of AgNPs with specific focus on their applications, e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
Plant-mediated synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and their applications
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2009
Nanobiotechnology deals with the synthesis of nanostructures using living organisms. Among the use of living organisms for nanoparticle synthesis, plants have found application particularly in metal nanoparticle synthesis. Use of plants for synthesis of nanoparticles could be advantageous over other environmentally benign biological processes as this eliminates the elaborate process of maintaining cell cultures. Biosynthetic processes for nanoparticles would be more useful if nanoparticles were produced extracellularly using plants or their extracts and in a controlled manner according to their size, dispersity and shape. Plant use can also be suitably scaled up for large-scale synthesis of nanoparticles. In view of this, we have reviewed here the use of plants or their extracts in the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles for various human applications.
Biosynthesis, characterization and therapeutic applications of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles
Nanotechnology is one of the most studied domains, and nanoparticle synthesis, especially of silver nanoparticles, has gained special importance due to their properties, biocompatibility and applications. Today, the processes of nanoparticles synthesis tend toward the development of inexpensive, simple, non-toxic and environmentally friendly methods. Thus, the use of plants in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles has attracted considerable interest because bio-molecules can act as both reducing and stabilizing agents. This survey aims at discussing the conditions for obtaining silver nanoparticles using plants and their characterization by several methods, such as FTIR and UV–Vis spectro-scopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, it examines some of the most common biological uses of silver nanoparticles: antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022
Silver nanoparticles are one of the most extensively studied nanomaterials due to their high stability and low chemical reactivity in comparison to other metals. They are commonly synthesized using toxic chemical reducing agents which reduce metal ions into uncharged nanoparticles. However, in the last few decades, several efforts were made to develop green synthesis methods to avoid the use of hazardous materials. The natural biomolecules found in plants such as proteins/enzymes, amino acids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, alcoholic compounds, and vitamins are responsible for the formation of silver nanoparticles. The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles is an eco-friendly approach, which should be further explored for the potential of different plants to synthesize nanoparticles. In the present review we describe the green synthesis of nanoparticles using plants, bacteria, and fungi and the role of plant metabolites in the synthesis process. Moreover, the present review also descr...
PLANT MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Biological methods of synthesis have paved way for " greener synthesis " of nanoparticles and these have proven to be better methods due to slower kinetics, they offer better manipulation and control over crystal growth and their stabilization. This has motivated an upsurge in research on the synthesis routes that allow better control of shape and size for various nanotechnological applications. In this work, we have explored an inventive contribution for synthesis of silver nanoparticles using catharanthus roseus (Sadabahar), Musa paradisiacal (Plantain flower) and Polygonum odoratum (Coriandium) leaf extract. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various methods such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM and XRD. In addition, antibacterial activity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles was also determined. This new method is rapid time scales for biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles using environmentally benign natural resources as an alternative to chemical synthesis protocols as reductant for synthesizing silver nanoparticles. 250 | P a g e
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2015
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by plants and plant extracts (green synthesis) has been developed into an important innovative biotechnology, especially in the application of such particles in the control of pathogenic bacteria. This is a safer technology, biologically and environmentally, than synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical or physical methods. Plants are preferable to microbes as agents for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles because plants do not need to be maintained in cell culture. The antibacterial activity of bionanoparticles has been extensively explored during the past decade. This review examines studies published in the last decade that deal with the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in plants and their antibacterial activity.
Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Plant tissue culture plays an extremely important role in contemporary plant biotechnology due to its potential for mass production of enhanced crop varieties and high yield of significant secondary metabolites. Utilizing biotic and abiotic elements, several attempts have been made to increase the efficiency and output of plant tissue culture. Due to its efficacy in microbial cleaning and the increase of secondary metabolites, the use of nanoparticles as elicitors has recently attracted interest on a global scale. Nanoparticles are objects with a nanometric dimension; they have distinct physico-chemical characteristics. Among all nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well-known for their antibacterial and hormetic properties, which, in the right doses, improved plant biomass and promoted the accumulation of secondary metabolites. The assessment of the application of nanotechnology to plant tissue culture is the main objective of this review. The emphasis is placed mostly on the augmentation of secondary metabolites, their impacts on plant development and biomass accumulation, as well as their potential mechanisms of action.
Potential Applications of Plants for the Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles : A Review
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2019
Nanoparticles are widely used in biotechnology and biomedical fields such as in diagnosis and therapy. Recently, synthesizing metal nanoparticles using plants has been extensively studied and has been recognized as a green and efficient way for further exploiting plant parts as convenient nanofactories. The importance of nanotechnology is highly increased in last years. Gold and silver nanoparticles are significant in the process due to their many peculiarities such as surface Plasmon absorption and the surface accessibility for further functionalization. As gold and silver nanoparticle are proved to be safest for drugs applications they are considered very important and used in several applications. Synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticle can be done through three methods like Physical, Chemical reduction and Biological or Green methods. Present work have been presented to focus on the green method of its synthesis. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles has many advantages over tedious, toxic and expensive physical and chemical methods of synthesis. The goal, was to develop a reliable, ecofriendly and easy process for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. The size and shape of nanoparticle are the key to their biomedical property. Green synthesis of nanoparticle is feasible way for the future and this review provides gold and silver nanoparticle synthesis by green method because in recent years' efficient green chemistry methods for the synthesis of metal nanoparticle has become major focus of researchers.
Nanotechnology for environmental engineering, 2020
Objective: The cellular synthesis of nanoparticle is a green process and alternative for a conventional process for the preparation of silver nanoparticles. In our research, focus has been given to the development of an efficient and eco-friendly viable process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using cancer and non-cancerous cells, a cell culture that was isolated. The results of this investigation are observed that silver nanoparticles could be induced to synthesis intra-and extra-cellularly using mammalian cells such as cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Methods: The silver nanoparticles are synthesized by the cancer and non-cancerous cells such as HeLa (Homo sapiens, human), SiHa, and human embryonic kidney-293 cell lines. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Results: The silver nanoparticles exhibited maximum absorbance at 415 nm in UV-visible spectroscopy. The XRD confirms the characteristic of the crystal lattice of silver nanoparticles by observing three peaks: Peak at 38 is due to reflection from (111), peak at 44 is due to reflection from (200), and peak at 65 is due to reflection from (220). TEM images showed the formation of stable silver nanoparticles in the cell lines. Conclusion: The method of extraction of intracellular/extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles was inexpensive, simple, and effective in large scale with no need to use of complex process equipment. The cancer cell considered as a biological factory at nanoscale dimension which continued to grow after synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The silver reduction by these cancer cells has occurred through energy-dependent processes that lead to the high output of this reaction. Hence, this new approach of using a mammalian cell for the successful synthesis of nanosized silvers could be easily scaled up, which establishes its commercial viability and also useful in the drug delivery and drug targeting.
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Its Applications
Silver nanoparticles possess unique properties which find myriad applications such as antimicrobial, anticancer, larvicidal, catalytic, and wound healing activities. Biogenic syntheses of silver nanoparticles using plants and their pharmacological and other potential applications are gaining momentum owing to its assured rewards. This critical review is aimed at providing an insight into the phytomediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles, its significant applications in various fields, and characterization techniques involved.
Progress in Biomaterials, 2020
The evolving technology of nanoparticle synthesis, especially silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) has already been applied in various fields i.e., electronics, optics, catalysis, food, health and environment. With advancement in research, it is possible to develop nanoparticles of various size, shape, morphology, and surface to volume ratio utilizing biological systems. A number of different agents and methods can be employed to develop choice based AgNPs using algae, plants, fungi and bacteria. The use of plant extracts to produce AgNPs appears to be more convenient, as the method is simple, environmental friendly and inexpensive, also requiring a single-step. The microbial synthesis of AgNps showed intracellular and extracellular mechanisms to reduce metal ions into nanoparticles. Studies have shown that different size (1-100 nm) and shapes (spherical, triangular and hexagonal etc.) of nanoparticles can be produced from various biological routes and these diverse nanoparticles have various functions and usability i.e., agriculture, medical-science, textile, cosmetics and environment protection. The present review provides an overview of various biological systems used for AgNP synthesis, its underlying mechanisms, further highlighting the current research and applications of variable shape and sized AgNPs.
Engineering a reliable and eco-accommodating methodology for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a crucial step in the field of nanotechnology. Plant-mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles has been developed as a substitute to defeat the limitations of conventional synthesis approaches such as physical and chemical methods. Biomolecules, such as proteins, amino acids, enzymes, flavonoids, and terpenoids from several plant extracts have been used as a stabilising and reducing agents for the synthesis of AgNPs. Regardless of an extensive range of biomolecules assistance in the synthesis procedure, researchers are facing a significant challenge to synthesise stable and geometrically controlled AgNPs. In the past decade, several efforts were made to develop Plant-mediated synthesis methods to produce stable, cost effective and eco-friendly AgNPs. More than hundred different plants extract sources for synthesising AgNPs were described in the last decade by several researchers. Most of the reviews were focused on various plant sources for synthesis, various characterization techniques for characteristic analysis, and antibacterial activity against bacterial. There are many reviews are available for the plant-mediated synthesis of AgNPs as well as antibacterial activity of AgNPs but this is the first review article mainly focused on biomolecules of plants and its various parts and operating conditions involved in the synthesis. Apart from, this review includes the characterisation of AgNPs and antibacterial activity of such nanoparticles with size, shape and method used for this study.
International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 2020
Silver nanoparticles are nanoparticles of silver of between 1 nm and 100 nm in size. While frequently described as being 'silver' some are composed of a large percentage of silver oxide due to their large ratio of surface to bulk silver atoms. It was found that the bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum created the smallest silver nanoparticles with an average size of 11.2 nm. It was also found that this bacterium produced the nanoparticles with the smallest size distribution and the nanoparticles were found mostly on the outside of the cells. Silver has a long history of its usage in different forms and for different purposes. Nanoparticles have unique properties due to their small size.The surface area to volume ratio is 0.00000008, a factor of 7,500,000 less than 10 nm nanoparticles. While high surface area to volume ratios is important for applications such as catalysis, the actual properties of silver are different at the nanoscale.
World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences
Developing environmentally acceptable and reliable nanoparticle production technologies is a crucial step in nanotechnology. Because of their unique chemical, physical and biological properties, AgNPs have the potential to be used in various ways. As potential agents, biomolecules got from a variety of plant components were used to make it. Despite many academic efforts in the previous decade, synthesizing stability with greater applicability remains a serious challenge. This review reviewed the most recent advancements and breakthroughs in the manufacture of biogenic AgNPs, as well as their potential uses.
PLANT MEDIATED SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES Original Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Objective: The study was aimed to synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from five different herbal plants (Terminalia chebula, Mimusops elengi, Myristica fragrans, Centella asiatica and Hemidesmus indicus). Methods: The qualitative analysis of plant extracts was performed to determine the presence of secondary metabolites. The plant mediated silver nanoparticles were synthesized. The color changed into brown to black color indicating the formation of AgNPs. The characterization of synthesized AgNPs was carried out by different methods such as UV-Vis Spectra, FE-TEM, Particle size analysis, Zeta potential analysis, XRD and FTIR. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles also examined against three fungi and bacteria. Results: The UV wave length of AgNPs is from 300 to 450 nm. The average size of AgNPs 581 d.nm, zeta potential is -13.3 mV. The FTIR results show that AgNPs contains the functional groups. In antimicrobial activity of all AgNPs synth...
PLANT MEDIATED SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES
International journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014
Objective: The study was aimed to synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from five different herbal plants (Terminalia chebula, Mimusops elengi, Myristica fragrans, Centella asiatica and Hemidesmus indicus). Methods: The qualitative analysis of plant extracts was performed to determine the presence of secondary metabolites. The plant mediated silver nanoparticles were synthesized. The color changed into brown to black color indicating the formation of AgNPs. The characterization of synthesized AgNPs was carried out by different methods such as UV-Vis Spectra, FE-TEM, Particle size analysis, Zeta potential analysis, XRD and FTIR. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles also examined against three fungi and bacteria. Results: The UV wave length of AgNPs is from 300 to 450 nm. The average size of AgNPs 581 d.nm, zeta potential is-13.3 mV. The FTIR results show that AgNPs contains the functional groups. In antimicrobial activity of all AgNPs synthesized by five plants inhibits the growth of bacteria and Terminalia chebula showed maximum effect. The XRD pattern clearly confirmed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles are crystalline in nature. TEM results shows that synthesized silver nanoparticles are round in shape. Conclusion: The green synthesis of nanoparticles shows that cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and safe for human therapeutic use. Color change, UV-Vis spectra, TEM and XRD analysis confirmed the stability of synthesized AgNPs.
Selection of Suitable Biological Method for the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, 2016
This paper aims to present a brief overview of different biosynthesis routes of silver nanoparticles (NPs), their applications and influence of the method used on the size and morphology of these nanoparticles. A detailed and comprehensive study of available biological methods, also referred to as a bottom-up approach, as well as techniques reported, have been provided with an eye for details and comparison between the techniques involving fungi, bacteria, algae and plant extracts. Plant-derived bioreductants such as leaf, stem or root extracts of various plants are seen as suitable solutions to green synthesis of silver NPs, implementing an easy, non-toxic, clean and environmentally friendly approach. Furthermore, reports on the antimicrobial activities with the zone of inhibition for various pathogens have also been included.
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Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2018
(1) Background: There is a growing need for the development of new methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The interest in such particles has raised concerns about the environmental safety of their production methods; (2) Objectives: The current methods of nanoparticle production are often expensive and employ chemicals that are potentially harmful to the environment, which calls for the development of "greener" protocols. Herein we describe the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using plant extracts, which offers an alternative, efficient, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly method to produce well-defined geometries of nanoparticles; (3) Methods: The phytochemicals present in the aqueous leaf extract acted as an effective reducing agent. The generated AuNPs were characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Atomic Force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA); (4) Results and Conclusions: The prepared nanoparticles were found to be biocompatible and exhibited no antimicrobial or antifungal effect, deeming the particles safe for various applications in nanomedicine. TGA analysis revealed that biomolecules, which were present in the plant extract, capped the nanoparticles and acted as stabilizing agents.
Applications of Nanomaterials in Agrifood and Pharmaceutical Industry
Journal of Nanomaterials
Nanotechnology recently emerged among the most exciting science-related innovations. Nanotechnology-produced metal nanoparticles got a lot of attention. This is emerging as a rapidly developing field due to its effective applications that targeted the manufacturing of new materials at the nanoscale level. There is considerable interest in the application of nanomaterials in many areas of industry including agrifood and biomedical products. In the agrifood area, nanomaterials have benefits in diverse areas which include fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, sensors, and quality stimulants, among other food processing, food packaging, and nutraceuticals to improve nutritional value. These applications in agriculture result in enhanced quality and crop yield, reduction in pollution caused by various chemicals, etc. In the pharmaceutical area, nanomaterials are claimed to ameliorate drug safety and efficacy, as well as bioavailability. They are utilized for targeting various drugs to a s...
International Journal of Pest Management
Nickel-oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) using aqueous Rauvolfia serpentine leaf extract were tested against Callosobruchus maculatus. Synthesis of NiO NPs was confirmed by various physiochemical methods such as UV-visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy etc. The sharp and strong reflections (111, 200, 220, 311 and 222 crystal planes) of the monoclinic phase and cubic NiO NPs were observed. The crystallite sizes varied in Scherrer's and W-H plots from 9.42 (20 ml) to 4.89 nm (15 ml) and 20.0 nm (10 ml) to 10.12nm (15 ml), respectively. The highest strain was observed in 15 ml (93.8 Â 10 À4) and the lowest (37.9 Â 10 À4) in 20ml extract. The C. maculatus on black gram seeds with 5, 10, 20 and 40ppm NiO NPs showed decreased fecundity and an increased developmental period in a dose-dependent manner. The longevity of the insect did not differ significantly. Seed germination was significantly reduced at 40ppm (79.12%)
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2018
The present study demonstrates an economical and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the wild mushroom . The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed and the products characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis was performed to identify the viable biomolecules involved in the capping and active stabilization of AgNPs. Moreover, the average sizes and morphologies of AgNPs were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The potential impacts of AgNPs on food safety and control were evaluated by the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized AgNPs against common food-borne bacteria, namely, , , , and . The results of this study revealed that the synthesized AgNPs can be used to control the growth of food-borne pathogens and have potential application in the food packaging industry. Moreover, th...
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanomaterials, 2022
The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has become a great challenge in the past decade in the field of nanobiotechnology. Due to its outstanding biophysical properties and enriched biocompatibility, this noble metallic nanoparticle (NP) has had a significant effect on the biomedical, industrial, agricultural, food processing, and environmental fields. The plant has promising medicinal significance due to the presence of diverse bioactive compounds which include flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, vitamins, steroids, etc. Extracts of medicinal plants have been widely used in the green synthesis of AgNPs as reducing agents as well as stabilizing agents and have overcome the drawbacks of traditional physical and chemical synthesis methods. Phytochemicals in plant extracts help to reduce silver ions (Ag+) for synthesizing the biomolecule-encapsulated AgNPs. Biogenic AgNPs can inhibit the growth of multiple drug-resistant bacteria. This chapter provides information on the environmentally friendly, one-pot, and facile approach of AgNPs synthesis using various medicinal plants, various methods of characterization, and its application as a potent nanomedicine against multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Journal of Nanoscience
The espousal of nanotechnology is a current come-up of the present revolution. As we know that the rose aphid, Macrosiphum rosae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a key pest on rose plant in Kashmir Valley, India, it exhibits a worldwide distribution. In the present study, we have synthesized biologically silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from Solanum lycopersicum and characterized them by UV-vis spectroscopy, TEM, and X-RD analysis. The experiment was performed by leaf dip method. Insecticidal solutions of different Ag NPs concentrations, namely, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm, were tested on M. rosae. For assessment purposes, leaves were treated with distilled water (used as control). Aphid mortality data revealed that the Ag NPs were effective at 500 ppm concentration. As the concentration and day’s treatment increased, the aphid mortality rate also increased. There were statistically significant differences in M. rosae mortality between concentrations by LSD at 5%. In wrapping up, the use of A...
Synthesis, Characterization and Biomedical Application of Silver Nanoparticles
Materials
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been employed in various fields of biotechnology due to their proven properties as an antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal agent. AgNPs are generally synthesized through chemical, physical and biological approaches involving a myriad of methods. As each approach confers unique advantages and challenges, a trends analysis of literature for the AgNPs synthesis using different types of synthesis were also reviewed through a bibliometric approach. A sum of 10,278 publications were analyzed on the annual numbers of publication relating to AgNPs and biological, chemical or physical synthesis from 2010 to 2020 using Microsoft Excel applied to the Scopus publication database. Furthermore, another bibliometric clustering and mapping software were used to study the occurrences of author keywords on the biomedical applications of biosynthesized AgNPs and a total collection of 224 documents were found, sourced from articles, reviews, book chapters, conferenc...
Water Supply
Rainwater is a major source of drinking water in developing countries. Roof-harvested rainwater is generally microbiologically contaminated and thus needs to be treated effectively to meet drinking standards. Filtration of rainwater with sand coated by silver nanoparticles enhances the microbial removal efficiency. In this study, the filtration parameters of treating rainwater with biologically synthesized nanosilver coated sand are optimized. Of the various synthesis methods, the biological method was chosen due to benefits such as cost-effectiveness and its eco-friendly nature. Silver nanoparticles were synthesised using papaya fruit extract and then coated on sand. The synthesized nanosilver coated sand was subjected to characterization methods such as energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. With silver coated sand as control, multiple long duration tests were performed to treat rainwater with nanosilver coated sand to find the optimal values for filt...
Illuminating the Anticancerous Efficacy of a New Fungal Chassis for Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis
Frontiers in Chemistry
Biogenic silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have supple platforms designed for biomedical and therapeutic intervention. Utilization of Ag NPs are preferred in the field of biomedicines and material science research because of their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancerous activity along with their eco-friendly, biocompatible, and cost-effective nature. Here we present a novel fungus Piriformospora indica as an excellent source for obtaining facile and reliable Ag NPs with a high degree of consistent morphology. We demonstrated their cytotoxic property, coupled with their intrinsic characteristic that make these biogenic nanoparticles suitable for the anticancerous activity. In vitro cytotoxicity of biologically synthesized Ag NPs (BSNPs) and chemically synthesized Ag NPs (SNPs) was screened on various cancer cell lines, such as Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), Human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), Human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines and embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293) as normal cell lines. The antiproliferative outcome revealed that the BSNPs exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 followed by HeLa and HepG2 cell lines as compared to SNPs. The blend of cytotoxic properties, together with green and cost-effective characteristics make up these biogenic nanoparticles for their potential applications in cancer nanomedicine and fabrication coating of ambulatory and non-ambulatory medical devices.
Nanoscale Research Letters
Synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with plant extracts has gained great interest in the field of biomedicine due to its wide variety of health applications. In the present work, AuNPs were synthesized with Mimosa tenuiflora (Mt) bark extract at different metallic precursor concentrations. Mt extract was obtained by mixing the tree bark in ethanol-water. The antioxidant capacity of extract was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and total polyphenol assay. AuNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry for functional group determination onto their surface. AuMt (colloids formed by AuNPs and molecules of Mt) exhibit multiple shapes with sizes between 20 and 200 nm. AuMt were tested on methylene blue degradation in homogeneous catalysis adding sodium borohydride. The smallest NPs (AuMt1) have a degradation coefficient of 0.008/s and reach 50% degrada...
Green Synthesized Nanoparticles as a Promising Strategy for Controlling Microbial Biofilm
Nanotechnology for Advances in Medical Microbiology, 2021
Microbial biofilms are communities of cells adhered to a surface embedded with a matrix of polymeric extracellular substances. The biofilm can present one or more species of microorganisms, depending on its duration and location. It may involve Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and yeast such as Candida albicans, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Enterococcus spp., Klebsiela pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococccus aureus. In addition to bacteria, other cellular elements may be aggregated in the biofilm, such as platelets, for example, when the biofilm is installed on a surface bathed in blood. In the health area, there are a variety of possible situations that allow biofilm formation in medical devices directly connected to the patient or indirectly by contamination of the machines or pipes of that environment. Biofilm formation has been linked to 60% of hospital infections. In this way, components and methods that can inhibit the biofilm formation or even dissolve it have been investigated. Nanobiotechnology is an area of nanotechnology related to the creation, use and improvement of nanostructures in biotechnological processes. Among the various research fields in this area is the synthesis, characterization and application of nanoparticles with different sizes, shapes and chemical compositions. The traditional methods used for the synthesis of these nanoparticles are generally chemical methods in which toxic solvents are used and the generation of dangerous by-products can occur and involve high energy consumption. Due to these factors, there is an increasing need to develop non-toxic and environmentally friendly procedures; but with a high yield and low cost. In this context, the routes of synthesis of nanoparticles by biological
Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 2021
Antimicrobials are essential for combating infectious diseases. However, an increase in resistance to them is a major cause of concern. The empirical use of drugs in managing COVID-19 and the associated secondary infections have further exacerbated the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Hence, the situation mandates exploring and developing efficient alternatives for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections in patients suffering from COVID-19 or other viral infections. In this review, we have described the alternatives to conventional antimicrobials that have shown promising results and are at various stages of development. An acceleration of efforts to investigate their potential as therapeutics can provide more treatment options for clinical management of drug-resistant secondary bacterial and fungal infections in the current pandemic and similar potential outbreaks in the future. The alternatives include bacteriophages and their lytic enzymes, anti-fungal enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles and small molecule inhibitors among others. What is required at this stage is to critically examine the challenges in developing the listed compounds and biomolecules as therapeutics and to establish guidelines for their safe and effective application within a suitable time frame. In this review, we have attempted to highlight the importance of rational use of antimicrobials in patients suffering from COVID-19 and boost the deployment of alternative therapeutics.
Plant-Mediated Green Synthesis of Ag NPs and Their Possible Applications: A Critical Review
Journal of Nanotechnology, 2022
e potential applications of Ag NPs are exciting and beneficial in a variety of fields; however, there is less awareness of the new risks posed by inappropriate disposal of Ag NPs. e Ag NPs have medicinal, plasmonic, and catalytic properties. e Ag NPs can be prepared via physical, chemical, or biological routes, and the selection of any specific route depends largely on the end-use. e downside of a physical and chemical approach is that it requires a wide space, high temperature, high temperature for a longer time to preserve the thermal stability of synthesized Ag NPs, and the use of toxic chemicals. Although these methods produce nanoparticles with high purity and well-defined morphology, it is critical to develop cost-effective, energy-efficient, and facile route, such as green synthesis; it suggests the desirable use of renewable resources by avoiding the use of additional solvents and toxic reagents in order to achieve the ultimate goal. However, each method has its pros and cons. e synthesized Ag NPs obtained using the green approach have larger biocompatibility and are less toxic towards the biotic systems. However, identifying the phytoconstituents that are responsible for nanoparticle synthesis is difficult and has been reported as a suitable candidate for biological application. e concentration of the effective bioreducing phytoconstituents plays a crucial role in deciding the morphology of the nanoparticle. Besides these reaction times, temperature, pH, and concentration of silver salt are some of the key factors that determine the morphology. Hence, careful optimization in the methodology is required as different morphologies have different properties and usage. It is due to which the development of methods to prepare nanoparticles effectively using various plant extracts is gaining rapid momentum in recent days. To make sense of what involves in the bioreduction of silver salt and to isolate the secondary metabolites from plants are yet challenging. is review focuses on the contribution of plant-mediated Ag NPs in different applications and their toxicity in the aquatic system.
Journal of Fungi
Nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted great interest in various fields owing to their antimicrobial activity; however, the use of NPs as fungicides on plants has not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, the antifungal activities of sulfur nanoparticles (S-NPs) and copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) prepared by a green method were evaluated against Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The formation of NPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The antifungal activities of NPs (5–100 µg/mL), CuSO4 (4000 µg/mL), and micro sulfur (MS) were compared to those of the recommended chemical fungicide Topsin-M 70 WP at a dose of 1000 µg/mL. They were evaluated in vitro and then in vivo at different temperatures (10 and 20 °C) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruits. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total soluble solids (TSS) were determined to study the effects of various treatments on the shelf life of cucumber fruits, compar...
Engineered Nanoparticles in Smart Agricultural Revolution: An Enticing Domain to Move Carefully
Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems, 2021
Nanotechnology may potentially benefit our agroecosystems in multiple ways, primarily via reduction in agricultural inputs without yield penalty and enhanced absorption of nutrients by the plants. In this regard, nano-fertilizers (such as engineered metal oxide or carbon-based nano-materials, nano-coated fertilizers, and nano-sized nutrients), and nano-pesticides (inorganic nano-materials or nano-formulations of active ingredients), might bring targeted as well as controlled release of agrochemicals in order to tap the fullest biological efficacy in already stressed agro-ecosystems, without over-dosages and leach-outs. Therefore, such nano-tools may multiply the agricultural yield, providing protection against various pests and diseases, without polluting our soil and water ecosystems at the same time. Though nanotechnology may provide potential solutions on such critical and persistent issues in agricultural management and activities; however, new environmental and human health hazards from their applications itself may pose unforeseen challenges to the humankind. For example, the biosafety, adversity, unknown fate, and acquired biological reactivity/toxicity of these nano-materials once dispersed in environment after application are still an unknown and threatening area, which needs to be investigated carefully and scientifically, before its open field use in our agro-ecosystems. Among other potential benefits, nano-tools may also be utilized for the rapid disease diagnostic in field crops and monitoring of the packaged food quality and contaminations. Similarly, the quality and health of soils and plants can be regularly monitored in real-time manner with the help of sensors based on highly sensitive nano-materials. However, a responsible regulatory consensus on nanotechnology application in agriculture needs to be developed, based upon profound scientific foundations. This chapter explores the area of nanotechnology in revolutionizing agriculture in a smart way via its known interactions with plants and soil microorganisms so far in the literature.
Journal of Nanoparticles, 2014
Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) was synthesized using the cell free extract of Scenedesmus abundans with AgNO 3. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Photoluminescence. Bioreduction of Ag + ions showed a gradual change in the colour of the extract and nanoparticles were synthesized having the range of 420-440 nm under UV-visible spectrum. The antibacterial efficacy was assessed against pathogenic bacteria E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Aeromonas hydrophila. The present study revealed that the AgNPs prepared from Scenedesmus abundans show antibacterial efficacy against the test pathogens. The bioaccumulation of silver particles makes the organism potential candidate for ecofriendly silver biorecovery system and S. abundans can be used as a source of silver nanoparticles.
Journal of Plant Protection Research, 2017
The present exploration is focused on the bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) usingTrichodesma indicumaqueous leaf extract as a reducing agent. The synthesized Ag NPs were productively characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, and TEM studies. The photosynthesis of Ag NPs was done at room temperature for 24 h and at 60°C. The green synthesis of spherical-shaped Ag NPs bio-fabricated fromT. indicumwith a face centred cubic structure showed average particle sizes of 20–50 nm, which is inconsistent with the particle size calculated by the XRD Scherer equation and TEM analysis. We further explored the larvicidal efficacy of biosynthesized Ag NPs with leaf extracts ofT. indicumagainstMythimna separata. The results showed that Ag NPs (20–50 nm) ofT. indicumpossess good larvicidal activity againstM. separatawith an LC50of 500 ppm. Thus, we can advocate that Ag NPs of 20–50 nm size extracted fromT. indicummay be considered in the pest management programme ofM. separatain future.
AMB Express, 2020
The biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts with defined size and morphology is a simple, nontoxic and environmentally friendly method. The present study focused on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by Artemisia annua L. extract as reducing and stabilising agent. The Ag NPs function, as antibacterial agents, is with that they are further used in human therapy. The effects of pH and temperature on the synthesis of NPs were characterized by UV-absorption spectroscopy and shown by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 410 nm. NPs’ size and morphology were measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). TEM images showed that Ag NPs were in a nano-sized range (20–90 nm) and had spherical shape. Our findings demonstrated that lower concentration (100 µg mL−1) of the biogenic Ag NPs exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli BW 25113 and Gram-positive Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790.
Bioleaching from Coal Wastes and Tailings: A Sustainable Biomining Alternative
Bio-valorization of Waste, 2021
Mineral coal is one of the most employed natural resources that represent potential environmental issues. The mine tailing contains several valuable minerals such as zinc, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium, iron, and copper. Currently, the most part of mine tailings is disposed at large tailing ponds. Another important tailing from mineral coal is fly ash, the main residue from thermoelectric plants, which may also contain valuable minerals. Currently, the most part of coal fly ash produced is used as raw material for cement fabrication or disposed at ash ponds. In this sense, biomining and bioleaching is an economically and environmentally attractive technology that can be used for metal recovery from residues such as mine tailing and coal ash, in line up with the concept of green chemistry. There are sparse data available on bioleaching of coal ash using either autotrophic or heterotrophic microorganisms. Therefore, the aim of this chapter was to describe the key aspects related to biomining and bioleaching of mine tailing and coal ash, pointing out the state of the art and some future perspectives.
Journal of Nanomaterials
The plants of Euphorbiaceae have high medicinal values and their phytochemical composition plays a major role in metal ion reduction. In this research, Euphorbia granulata (EG) the “spurge family” plant extract was used to reduce silver ions to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This nanoparticle formation was observed by UV-VIS spectrophotometric analysis at different times and temperatures to achieve the most optimal conditions. The synthesized biogenic silver nanoparticles (EG-AgNPs) were subjected to FTIR studies. The obtained low-intensity bands of fingerprint region bands (612 cm-1) and aromatic OH bands (3385 cm-1) are identified that the reduction of silver ions (Ag+) into metallic silver (Ag0) nanoparticles. Further, the charge, size, and morphology of the synthesized EG-AgNPs were studied using various spectroscopic methods including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM), FESEM-EDX elemental mapping, and high-resolution transmissio...
Frontiers in nanotechnology, 2023
With the popularity of nanotechnology, the use of nanoparticles in pest management has become widespread. Nanoformulated pesticides have several advantages over conventional pesticide formulations, including improved environmental stability, controlled release of active ingredients, increased permeability, targeted delivery, etc. Despite these advantages, recent research shows that several nanoparticles used in conventional nanopesticide formulations can be toxic to crops and beneficial organisms due to bioaccumulation and trophic transfer. Therefore, traditional nanopesticides are thought to be non-advantageous for "green agriculture". In assessing the current situation, developing "all-organic" nanopesticides could be the next-generation weapon for reducing the adverse impact of traditional nanopesticides. However, their formulation and application knowledge is remarkably limited. The green synthesis of "allorganic" nanoparticles makes them more environmentally friendly than conventional nanopesticides due to their minimal residual and hazardous effects. This review focuses on the current development scenario of "allorganic" nanopesticides, their advantages, and potential effects on target organisms compared to traditional nanopesticides.
Plants
Background: Artemisia sieberi (mugwort) is a member of the daisy family Asteraceae and is widely propagated in Saudi Arabia. A. sieberi has historical medical importance in traditional societies. The current study aimed to assess the antibacterial and antifungal characteristics of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. sieberi. In addition, the study investigated the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from the A. sieberi extract. Methods: The ethanolic and aqueous extracts and AgNPs were prepared from the shoots of A. sieberi. The characteristics of AgNPs were assessed by UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The antibacterial experiments were performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The fungal species used were Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Candida famata, Candida rhodotorula, and Ca...
Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2018
View the article online for updates and enhancements. Related content High-efficient catalytic reduction of 4nitrophenol based on reusable Ag nanoparticles/graphene-loading loofah sponge hybrid Y Y Liu, Y H Zhao, Y Zhou et al.-Augmented antimicrobial, antioxidant and catalytic activities of green synthesised silver nanoparticles Remya Vijayan, Siby Joseph and Beena Mathew-Synthesis of TiO2-loaded Co0.85Se thin films with heterostructure and their enhanced catalytic activity for pnitrophenol reduction and hydrazine hydrate decomposition Yong Zuo, Ji-Ming Song, He-Lin Niu et al.
Molecules
Bacterial pathogens cause pain and death, add significantly to the expense of healthcare globally, and pose a serious concern in many aspects of daily life. Additionally, they raise significant issues in other industries, including pharmaceuticals, clothing, and food packaging. Due to their unique properties, a great deal of attention has been given to biogenic metal nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and their applications against pathogenic bacteria. This study is focused on biogenic silver and copper nanoparticles and their composites (UL/Ag2 O-NPS, Ul/CuO-NPs, and Ul/Ag/Cu-NCMs) produced by the marine green alga Ulva lactuca. The characterization of biogenic nanoparticles UL/Ag2 O-NPS and Ul/CuO-NPs and their composites Ul/Ag/Cu-NCMs has been accomplished by FT-IR, SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, and the zeta potential. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) experiments were conducted to prove antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gra...
SN applied sciences, 2020
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts has emerged as a viable environment-friendly method. The aim of the study was to biosynthesize AgNPs using cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) waste extract and further test their potential applications in photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye and Hg 2+ biosensing. Optimum extract concentration, AgNO 3 concentration, pH and temperature required for biosynthesis of stable AgNPs were determined by UV-visible spectroscopy. FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, SAED, XPS and BET analysis were performed for characterizing AgNPs. MB dye degradation using AgNPs was determined by analyzing the intensity of dye absorption maxima at 664 nm. Specificity and sensitivity of biosynthesized AgNPs for Hg 2+ ions were studied for assessing their biosensing abilities. Optimum conditions needed for biosynthesis of stable AgNPs were observed to be 3 ml extract, 0.5 mM AgNO 3 , pH 8.5 and microwave-assisted heating at 600 W for 5 min. FT-IR analysis showed that the extract contained necessary functional groups that facilitated biosynthesis of AgNPs. XRD, SEM, TEM, SAED, XPS results confirmed the formation of AgNPs. BET analysis showed that AgNPs had an average size of 35.08 nm and surface area of 19.22 m 2 /g. Maximum MB dye degradation percentage of 97.57% was obtained at 150 min without any significant silver leaching thereby, signifying notable photocatalytic property of AgNPs. Biosensing studies showed that AgNPs were specifically able to detect up to 0.1 mg/l Hg 2+ ions. In summary, cauliflower waste served as a useful source of reducing agents for biosynthesizing AgNPs with promising environmental applications.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
The effects of crude ethanol derived leaf extract Trichodesma indicum (Linn) (Ex-Ti) and their chief derivatives were accessed on the survival and development of the dengue mosquito Ae. aegypti also their non-toxic activity against mosquito predator. T. indicum is recognized to be the vital weed plant and a promising herb in the traditional ayurvedic medicine. In this study, the GC-MS chromatogram of Ex-Ti showed higher peak area percentage for cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid (21.83%) followed by cycloheptadecanone (14.32%). The Ex-Ti displayed predominant mortality in larvae with 96.45 and 93.31% at the prominent dosage (200 ppm) against III and IV instar. Correspondingly, sub-lethal dosage against the enzymatic profile of III and IV instar showed downregulation of α,β-carboxylesterase and SOD protein profiles at the maximum concentration of 100 ppm. However, enzyme level of GST as well as CYP450 increased significantly dependent on sub-lethal concentration. Likewise, fecundity and hatchability of egg rate of dengue mosquito decreased to the sub-lethal concentration of Ex-Ti. Repellent assay illustrates that Ex-Ti concentration had greater protection time up to 210 min at 100 ppm. Also, activity of Ex-Ti on adult mosquito displayed 100% mortality at the maximum dosage of 600, 500 and 400 ppm within the period of 50, 60 and 70 min, respectively. Photomicrography screening showed that lethal dosage of Ex-Ti (100 ppm) produced severe morphological changes with dysregulation in their body parts as matched to the control. Effects of Ex-Ti on the Toxorhynchites splendens IV instar larvae showed less mortality (43.47%) even at the maximum dosage of 1500 ppm as matched to the chemical pesticide Temephos. Overall, the present research adds a toxicological valuation on the Ex-Ti and their active constituents as a larvicidal, repellent and adulticidal agents against the global burdening dengue mosquito.
Molecules, 2021
The Artemisia genus includes a large number of species with worldwide distribution and diverse chemical composition. The secondary metabolites of Artemisia species have numerous applications in the health, cosmetics, and food sectors. Moreover, many compounds of this genus are known for their antimicrobial, insecticidal, parasiticidal, and phytotoxic properties, which recommend them as possible biological control agents against plant pests. This paper aims to evaluate the latest available information related to the pesticidal properties of Artemisia compounds and extracts and their potential use in crop protection. Another aspect discussed in this review is the use of nanotechnology as a valuable trend for obtaining pesticides. Nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and nanocapsules represent a more efficient method of biopesticide delivery with increased stability and potency, reduced toxicity, and extended duration of action. Given the negative impact of synthetic pesticides on human healt...
Green Processing and Synthesis, 2023
A feasible alternative to classic chemical synthesis, the phyto-mediated production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing aqueous flower petal extract of Cassia alata as a reducing agent is reported for the first time. Characterization of synthesized AgNPs was carried out using various techniques viz., ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The results of the FTIR research conducted in this study show different bond stretches with varying durations, which can be seen at various faraway points. AgNPs are mainly spherical and vary in size from 20 to 100 nm, according to TEM images. The highest X-ray energy surge, at 3 keV, is visible in the EDX spectrum. The XRD pattern showed that four diffraction peaks could be assigned to the 111, 200, 220, and 311 planes of the face-centered cubic crystalline silver, respectively, at 32.05, 46.27, 55.25, and 57.39°. Optimization of production parameters including pH, metal ion concentration, and substrate concentrations were studied. In addition, the bioactivity was evaluated against Trichophyton rubrum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Mucor sp. using the agar diffusion method. Furthermore, their antioxidant properties were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate assay and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power tests. MTT assay was performed using human fibroblast cell line (L929) to determine the cell viability and cytotoxicity through increased metabolism of the tetrazolium salt.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2017
Silver nanoparticles play an integral part in the evolution of new antimicrobials against the broad ranges of pathogenic microorganisms. Recently, biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts has been successfully consummated. In the present study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was conducted using the leaf extract of plant Protium serratum, having novel ethnomedicinal. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy. The DLS study revealed the surface charge of the resulted nanoparticles that was highly negative, i.e., −25.0 ± 7.84 mV and the size was 74.56 ± 0.46 nm. The phytochemical and FTIR analysis confirmed the role of water-soluble phyto-compounds for the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles. The potential antibacterial activity of AgNPs was studied against the food borne pathogens viz. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IC 50 = 74.26 ± 0.14 µg/ml), Escherichia coli (IC 50 = 84.28 ± 0.36 µg/ml), Bacillus subtilis (IC 50 = 94.43 ± 0.4236 µg/ml). The in vitro antioxidant potential of AgNPs was evaluated using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (IC 50 = 6.78 ± 0.15 µg/ml) and hydroxyl radical assay (IC 50 = 89.58 ± 1.15 µg/ml). In addition, the cytotoxicity of AgNPs was performed against fibroblast cell line L-929 to evaluate their biocompatibility. The overall results of the present investigation displayed the potential use of P. serratum leaf extract as a good bio-resource for the biosynthesis of AgNPs and their implementation in diverse applications, specifically as antibacterial agent in food packaging and preservation to combat against various food borne pathogenic bacteria along with its pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 2017
In this experiment, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Erythrina suberosa (Roxb.). The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle was continuously followed by UV-vis spectrophotometric analysis. The response of the phytoconstituents resides in E. suberusa during synthesis of stable AgNPs were analyzed by ATR-fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Further, the size, charge, and polydispersity nature of AgNPs were studied using dynamic light scattering spectroscopy. The morphology of the nanoparticles was determined by scanning electron microscopy. Current result shows core involvement of plant extracts containing glycosides, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds played a crucial role in the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles were evaluated against different pathogenic bacterium and fungi. The antioxidant property was studied by radical scavenging (DPPH) assay and cytotoxic activity was evaluated against A-431 osteosarcoma cell line by MTT assay. The characteristics of the synthesized silver nanoparticles suggest their application as a potential antimicrobial and anticancer agent.