Isolation and morphological characterization of endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove plants along the Kenyan coastline (original) (raw)
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Diversity of mangrove fungal endophytes from selected mangrove species of coastal Kenya
Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science
Endophytes are bacteria or fungi living asymptomatically in the internal tissues of plants. They are symbiotic in nature and can be exploited for novel bioactive metabolites with applications in agriculture, medicine and industry. Mangrove fungal endophytes from the marine environment are abundant and have been recognized as sources of bioactive natural products. The study was designed to isolate, purify and identify mangrove fungal endophytes from selected common mangrove species of Gazi Bay, Tudor and Mida creek on the Kenya coast. The colonization rate and isolation rate of the mangrove fungal endophytes were determined. The studied mangrove species were Rhizophora mucronata (red mangrove), Sonneratia alba (mangrove apple), Avicennia marina (grey or white mangrove), and Ceriops tagal (spurred mangrove). Samples from twigs of these mangrove species were collected and analyzed using standard methods. Isolation of pure cultures of the endophytes was performed using Potato Dextrose A...
Occurrence and distribution of endophytic fungi in a mangrove community
Mycological Research, 2001
Seven dominant mangrove species of an estuarine mangrove forest in south India were studied for the presence of foliar endophytes. Mitosporic fungi, ascomycetes and sterile mycelia were isolated from the leaves of the mangrove hosts studied. Although many endophytes were common to more than one host, the endophyte assemblage of each mangrove species was dominated by different endophyte species.
Diversity of endophytic fungi in the roots of mangrove species on the west coast of India
Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 2002
Because mangrove plant species are a valuable source of useful metabolites, their endophytes have gained more importance. Randomly sampled surface-sterilized whole root segments of four mangrove plant species, Acanthus ilicifolius, Avicennia officinalis, Rhizophora mucronata, and Sonneratia caseolaris from the mangroves of Udyavara (Karnataka) on the west coast of India, were characterized for fungal communities by direct plating, damp chamber, and bubbling chamber incubation methods. The richness of endophytic fungal species from whole root segments after direct plating and damp chamber incubation was greatest for R. mucronata than for other plants (18 vs. 813). Incubation of whole root segments in bubbling chambers yielded conidia of two freshwater hyphomycetes: Mycocentrospora acerina (in Avicennia officinalis) and Triscelophorus acuminatus (in R. mucronata and in S. caseolaris). Surface-sterilized whole root and root bark segments of R. mucronata sampled from the mid-tide level...
Culturable Foliar Fungal Endophytes of Mangrove Species in Bicol Region, Philippines
Identification of fungi in the mangrove ecosystem is warranted because of the need to document species richness in unique ecosystems, amidst the continuous anthropogenic and climatic threats to mangrove forests and the potentials for biotechnological applications. This study aimed to identify endophytic fungi in association with mangrove species. Leaves -devoid of discoloration, wound, physical deformation, or necrosis -of 21 mangrove species in the Bicol region, Philippines were collected. Circular discs from each leaf were surface sterilized, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated for 7-14 d at room temperature. Growing fungi were transferred individually into sterile PDA slants for identification. A total of 53 endophytic fungi belonging to 15 orders and 19 families were isolated -75.47% ascomycetes, 20.75% basidiomycetes, and 3.77% zygomycetes. Trametes cubensis (Mont.) Sacc. and Pestalotiopsis cocculi (Guba) were the most distributed among the mangrove hosts. The mangroves Rhizophora mucronata Lam. and Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. hosted the most number of fungal endophytes with 15 and 12, respectively.
Endophytic fungi producing antimicrobial substance from mangrove plants in the South of Thailand
2010
The main aim of this work was to investigate endophytic fungi from mangrove plants that can produce antimicrobial substances. A total of 619 endophytic fungi were isolated from 18 mangrove plants obtained from 4 provinces, in southern Thailand. The average rate of endophytic fungal isolation was 9.8 isolates per plant or 0.49 isolates per sample disc. The highest isolation rate was obtained from Bruguiera cylindrica (21 isolates/plant or 1.05 isolates/disc) and the majority of isolates investigated were from branches (39%). One hundred and fifty isolates of endophytic fungi were selected based on their different colonial morphologies and were grown in potato dextrose broth (PDB), harvested and extracted with chemical solvents. Three hundred and eighty-five crude extracts were obtained and tested against seven pathogenic microorganisms that included Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SK1 (MRSA-SK1), Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Pseudomonas aer...
Species diversity of culturable endophytic fungi from Brazilian mangrove forests
Current Genetics, 2013
This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of the diversity of endophytic fungal communities isolated from the leaves and branches of Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia schaueriana and Laguncularia racemosa trees inhabiting two mangroves in the state of São Paulo, Brazil [Cananeia and Bertioga (oil spill-affected and unaffected)] in the summer and winter. Three hundred and forty-three fungi were identified by sequencing the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of rDNA. Differences were observed in the frequencies of fungi isolated from the leaves and branches of these three different plant species sampled from the Bertioga oil spill-affected and the oil-unaffected mangrove sites in the summer and winter; these differences indicate a potential impact on fungal diversity in the study area due to the oil spill. The molecular identification of the fungi showed that the fungal community associated with these mangroves is composed of at least 34 different genera, the most frequent of which were Diaporthe, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Trichoderma and Xylaria. The Shannon and the Chao1 indices [H 0 (95 %) = 4.00, H 0 (97 %) = 4.22, Chao1 (95 %) = 204 and Chao1 (97 %) = 603] indicated that the mangrove fungal community possesses a vast diversity and richness of endophytic fungi. The data generated in this study revealed a large reservoir of fungal genetic diversity inhabiting these Brazilian mangrove forests and highlighted substantial differences between the fungal communities associated with distinct plant tissues, plant species, impacted sites and sampling seasons.
Frontiers in Microbiology
The Sundarbans forest in Bangladesh is the world's largest mangrove. It is a unique ecosystem where living organisms face extreme challenges to compete for survival. Such competition results in the production of bioactive molecules which are useful for agriculture and human health. In this study, eighty fungal endophytes from nine mangrove plants growing in a region, as yet unexplored, of the Sundarbans were isolated by surface sterilisation and pure culture techniques. Among the eighty isolates subjected to a preliminary antimicrobial screening using an agar plug diffusion assay, only fifteen showed some promising activity. These were subsequently identified by polymerase chain reaction of their ITS gene. Extracts prepared from the identified isolates were screened for antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Their total polyphenol and flavonoid content and their FRAP value were also determined. All endophytes are reported for the first time in the plants under investigation.
Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2022
The advent of resistant pathogenic bacteria and fungi across the globe is threatening the efficacy of antibiotic drugs. Thus, microbial infections are becoming a threat to life. Endophytic fungi remain a viable source of secondary metabolites with unique spectra of biological activities. This study isolated and characterized endophytic fungi from selected mangrove species of coastal Kenya and further ascertained their activities. A total of 18 fungal endophytes selected from mangrove species were investigated for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli. Potato dextrose agar and potato dextrose broth were used for isolation, purification, and fermentation at 28oC for 7–15 days. Extraction of fungal metabolites was achieved using ethyl acetate (1:1 v/v) and ethyl acetate in 10% methanol (9:1 v/v). Solvents were recovered in a fume hood and extracts were dissolved in 1 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide. Molecular characterization completely identified 9 species, namely: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tubingensis, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizophora nomius, Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus aculeatus, Aspergillus bravionivious, and Aspergillus welwitchiae. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ethyl acetate crude extracts of the most active fungal isolate, A. flavus (MT447532.1), was 0.91 ± 0.05 mg/ml and 0.82 ± 0.052 mg/ml against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Results showed that some crude extracts of mangrove fungal endophytes from coastal Kenya are effective against bacteria, hence a promising source of novel organic natural metabolites with a possible wide range of biological activities.
Diversity of leaf endophytic fungi in mangrove plants of Northeast Brazil
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2012
With the aim of increasing the knowledge about endophytic fungi, a group of microorganisms with high biotechnological potential and a valuable source of useful metabolites, a survey in leaves of mangrove plants (Avicennia schaueriana, Laguncularia racemosa, and Rhizophora mangle) was performed at the Itamaracá Island, PE, Brazil. Leaves were collected, during two seasons, dry and rainy, superficially sterilized and fragments maintained in Petri dishes with Potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 28 o ± 2 o C until isolation of the fungi. Fourty taxa were isolated: 25 species representing 19 genera and 15 morphotypes determined as Mycelia sterilia. Leaves of L. racemosa hosted the highest number of colony forming units (CFU) and taxa. Guignardia sp. and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were the most frequently isolated, while Glomerella cingulata was the only species found in association with the three host plants. The proportional importance of each fungus differed among hosts. The similarity of fungi species between the two seasons reached only 4.2%, and that between the hosts was also low, with the maximum (A. schaueriana x L. racemosa) reaching 24.2%. Sphaerosporium, as well as Chloridium virescens var. virescens, Microsphaeropsis arundinis, Penicillium pinophilum, Periconia cambrensis, Phoma herbarum, P. diachenii, P. obscurans, Sordaria prolifica and Torula elisii are reported for the first time as endophytic in tropical regions.
Occurrence of Fungi on Mangrove Plants
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, 2006
Mangrove plants viz., Rhizophora mucronata, Aegiceras corniculatum and Ceriops tagal were collected from Sonmiyani, Korangi and Keti bunder. A total number of 18 species of fungi belonging to 11 genera were isolated from different parts of Rhizophora mucronata, 14 species and ...