Molecular Phylogenetics and Biological Potential of Fungal Endophytes From Plants of the Sundarbans Mangrove (original) (raw)
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Endophytic fungi producing antimicrobial substance from mangrove plants in the South of Thailand
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The advent of resistant pathogenic bacteria and fungi across the globe is threatening the efficacy of antibiotic drugs. Thus, microbial infections are becoming a threat to life. Endophytic fungi remain a viable source of secondary metabolites with unique spectra of biological activities. This study isolated and characterized endophytic fungi from selected mangrove species of coastal Kenya and further ascertained their activities. A total of 18 fungal endophytes selected from mangrove species were investigated for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli. Potato dextrose agar and potato dextrose broth were used for isolation, purification, and fermentation at 28oC for 7–15 days. Extraction of fungal metabolites was achieved using ethyl acetate (1:1 v/v) and ethyl acetate in 10% methanol (9:1 v/v). Solvents were recovered in a fume hood and extracts were dissolved in 1 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide. Molecular characterization completely identified 9 species, namely: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tubingensis, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizophora nomius, Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus aculeatus, Aspergillus bravionivious, and Aspergillus welwitchiae. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ethyl acetate crude extracts of the most active fungal isolate, A. flavus (MT447532.1), was 0.91 ± 0.05 mg/ml and 0.82 ± 0.052 mg/ml against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Results showed that some crude extracts of mangrove fungal endophytes from coastal Kenya are effective against bacteria, hence a promising source of novel organic natural metabolites with a possible wide range of biological activities.
Antibacterial activities of mangrove leaf endophytic fungi from Luzon Island, Philippines
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Fungi associated with mangroves are untapped sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, 628 mangrove leaf endophytic fungi (MLEF) were recorded from 19 mangrove hosts collected from the provinces of Zambales, Batangas, Cavite, and Quezon in Luzon Island, Philippines. The MLEF morphospecies were identified as belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Nigrospora, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Phialophora, and Trichoderma. Screening revealed that the MLEF crude culture extracts were promisingly potent against the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus (ZOI > 19 mm) with no or partial activity against the gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our findings showed that mangrove leaf endophytic fungi are potential sources of bioactive compounds.
PloS one, 2018
Mangrove endophytic fungi can produce impressive quantities of metabolites with promising antioxidant activities that may be useful to humans as novel physiological agents. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic diversity and antioxidant potential of 46 fungal endophytes derived from the mangrove species Rhizophora stylosa and R. mucronata from the South China Sea. The fungal isolates were identified using a combination of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Seventeen genera belonging to 8 taxonomic orders of Ascomycota were discovered, specifically, Botryosphaeriales, Capnodiales, Diaporthales, Eurotiales, Glomerellales, Hypocreales, Pleosporales, and Xylariales. The most abundant fungal orders included Xylariales (35.49%) and Diaporthales (27.61%), which were predominantly represented by the culturable species Pestalotiopsis sp. (34.54%) and Diaporthe sp. (18.62%). The stems showed more frequent colon...
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This study revealed the identification of emdophytic fungi of Ceriops decandra and to determine their antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Five isolates were identified on the basis of sequencing the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. Four genera viz. Curvularia sp., Colletroticum sp., Chaetomium sp. and Fusarium sp. were identified. The sequenced data of ITS region was matched with genebank that revealed the relatedness of each of the isolated in species level. Extract GRN-18 (methanolic extract of Fusarium solani) showed maximum zone of inhibition (19.0±0.05mm) against Pseudomonas areruginosa at 500g/disc concentration. However, GRN-18 also showed almost similar zone of inhibition against all the test bacteria. To evaluate the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, extracts GRN-16 (methanolic extract of Curvularia jeniculate) showed better IC value (10.81) comparing with standard as Ascorbic acid (10.96μg/ml). Endophytic 50 fungi isolated from the C. decandr...
Clinical Phytoscience
Background Due to increasing number of individuals within the world having health issues caused by varied cancers, drug-resistant microorganism, parasitic protozoans, and fungi could be a cause for alarm. Endophyte’s are a unique source of medicinal compounds which requires an intensive seek for newer and simpler agents to handle these sickness issues is currently advancing. This study explores the description of endophytic fungi of Ceriops decandra (Griff.) W. Theob., a mangrove plant growing in mangrove forest, Sundarban, Bangladesh. Methods The endophytic fungi of experimental plants were identified by DNA amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region Moreover, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antimicrobial tests were assessed. In addition, the screening of extracts was performed by visual detection using UV light. Results Three fungi namely CEDBE-1, CEDLE-6 and CEDLE-10 (internal strain no) were isolated as endophytic fungi and identified as Fusarium ...
Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from mangrove species
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Mangroves have proven to possess strong bioactivities to survive their complex environmental condition. However, apart from the primary function of mangroves as an ecosystem keeper, mangroves are often overexploited for construction materials. Hence, their medicinal purposes are often overlooked, and the direct exploration of pharmacologically active compounds derived from mangrove species seems illogical. Endophytic bacteria are found capable of producing secondary metabolites similar or even the same as their host plant. Therefore, exploration of endophytic bacteria from mangroves becomes an excellent alternative for bioproduction of certain plant-specific bioactive compounds. Moreover, mangroves live in an extreme living environment, and therefore, may contain interesting endophytic bacteria that possess remarkable bioactivities, particularly antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from mangrove species collected from the Segara Anakan Lagoon, on the south coast of Java, Indonesia. Isolated bacteria were cultivated to produce secondary metabolites. Fermentation liquid was then extracted and investigated for its antioxidant activity and cytotoxic activity. Secondary metabolites from isolated bacteria showed to have potentials to be used as an antioxidant as well as a cytotoxic agent.
African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2020
Microorganisms in marine ecosystems are exposed to harsh conditions, thus such systems are of interest in bioprospecting for useful secondary metabolites. The aim of the study was to isolate and identify the fungal endophytes that colonize mangroves. The fungal endophytes were isolated from the leaves, roots, and branches of different mangrove plants (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Heritiera littoralis, Xylocarpus granatum, Rhizophora mucronata, and Avicennia marina) from Mida creek, Tudor creek and Gazi bay using Point-Centered Quarter Sampling method and then, morphologically characterized. A total of 76 fungal isolates were obtained and identified using macro-and micromorphological features. The isolates were affiliated with eight different genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Nigrospora, Fusarium, Alternaria, Lasiodiplodia, Chaetomium and Penicillum). Aspergillus spp. were the most prominent with a colonization frequency of 38.9 and 55.6% in root and branch tissues, respectively while Chaetomium species were the least frequent appearing only in one branch tissue. Mida creek had the highest total number of endophytic isolates (52.6%) followed by Gazi bay (27.6%). Majority (30.3%) of the endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from Avicennia marina. The results indicate that mangrove species are a source of diverse endophytic fungi that may have useful biotechnological applications.
Introduction: Medicinal plants growing in the " sacred forests " of Meghalaya (20.1°N-26.5°N latitude and 85.49°E-92.52°E longitude), in the northeastern region of India are used by the traditional medical practitioners of the ethnic tribes of the region to treat a diverse range of diseases. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to elucidate the antimicrobial and antioxidant potency of the most dominant fungal endophytes of some selected medicinal plants of the " Sacred forests ". Material and methods: Isolation of the endophytes was done in water agar plates followed by subsequent pure culturing in potato dextrose agar plates. Molecular characterization of the endophytic fungal isolates was done by sequencing their β-tubulin gene. The antimicrobial properties of the culture broths and the crude ethyl acetate extracts of endophytic fungal metabolites were ascertained as per standard protocols against five human pathogens, namely, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The total antioxidant power and free radical scavenging activity of the metabolites was estimated using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assays. Results: Molecular characterization of the endophytes showed their relatedness to human pathogenic fungi. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethyl acetate extracts against the test pathogens ranged from 13-45 μg/ml. The metabolites of the endophytic fungi also showed high anti-oxidant activity. Conclusion: Endophytic fungi of the medicinal plants from the " Sacred forests " of Meghalaya, India are potential treasure troves of novel antimicrobial molecules and antioxidants.