Identification of bioactive constituents of chloroform fraction from Annona muricata leaf, its antioxidant activity and inhibitory potential against carbohydrate-hydrolyzing α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities linked to type II diabetes mellitus: In vitro study (original) (raw)
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Background: Annona muricata has been used in folklore in the management of diabetes. A major strategy in decreasing postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes involves the inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes-αamylase and α-glucosidase. Thus, this study evaluated the in vivo and in vitro inhibitory potentials of the different parts (fruit-pulp, leaf, stem-bark and root-bark) of Annona muricata. Methods: A total of 120 Wistar rats were treated with methanol extracts for 28 days after which blood and tissue samples were collected for α-amylase assay. In vitro inhibitory properties of methanol, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts of the various parts of the plant on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities were performed using standard procedures. The mode and mechanism of interactions between the enzymes and extracts (and isolated acetogenin) were determined using various kinetic interpolations and in silico experiments. Result: The fruit-pulp and root-bark methanolic extracts better-inhibited plasma and tissue amylase in vivo. The in vitro studies revealed that the stem-bark methanolic, fruit-pulp ethyl acetate, and leaf dichloromethane extracts, better inhibited α-amylase activity compared with the standard acarbose. Also, the leaf methanol, fruit-pulp ethyl acetate, and root-bark dichloromethane extract better inhibited α-glucosidase activity. These observations were corroborated with their higher Bmax and Vmax and lower Kd values. All the extracts exhibited an "uncompetitive" type of inhibition pattern. Also, the isolated acetogenin (15-acetyl guanacone) from the fruit-pulp showed a better binding affinity compared to the standard drug, Metformin. Conclusion: Better natural remedy for diabetics can be obtained from Annona muricata with minimal or no adverse side effects.
2019
Medicinal plants have been useful in treatment of various diseases in man and animals since time immemorial. Annona muricata has been known majorly for cancer management. Ethnopharmacological information revealed the use in treatment of diabetes and oxidative induce lipid peroxidation. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, reducing sugars, and tannins. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated to be 68.54±0.51 and 55.82±0.85 respectively. Aqueous fraction showed the highest amount of phenolics and flavonoids (46.32±0.76 and 32.81±0.28) relative to chloroform fraction. However, aqueous fraction also showed the highest DPPH scavenging property in a concentration non-dependent manner. Moreover, crude extract and chloroform fraction exhibited the highest (concentration dependent) and lowest (concentration dependent) lipid peroxidation inhibition potentials. Glibenclamide (20 mg/kg), crude extract (500 mg/kg and 1000 ...
Diabetes and its related complications remain a major clinical problem. There is current interest in the search for novel antidiabetic agents from medicinal plants Annona muricata is used in folkloric medicine for the management of diabetes but its antidiabetic potentials has not yet been validated. This study investigated the pharmacognostic parameters, phytochemical constituents and antidiabetic potentials of A. muricata root. The plant material was cold-macerated in methanol to obtain the crude extract, Pharmacognostic profile, phytochemical analyses, and acute toxicity were determined using standard procedure. The hypoglycemic activity was studied in normoglycemic rats. The antidiabetic activities of the extract were also determined using alloxan induced diabetic mice model. Diabetes was induced using 50 mg/kg alloxan. The crude extracts were administered (p.o.) daily at the dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg for 14 days. The fasting blood glucose was monitored for 7 days. Glibenclamide was used as a reference drug. The microscopic examination revealed the presence of epidermis, trichomes and starch grains. Acute toxicity test in rats gave an LD 50 of 5000 mg/kg. Results show that the extract produced a dose-dependent significant (p < 0.05) lowering of the fasting blood glucose of the diabetic mice after 7 days, normalizing the fasting blood glucose within the periods. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and terpenoids. It has been demonstrated from the study, that the rootof A. muricata possess antidiabetic activity which may be due to phytochemicals present which supports its ethnomedicinal use in diabetes management.
Blood Glucose – Lowering Potentials of Annona muricata Leaf Extract in Alloxan–Induced Diabetic Rats
2021
The blood glucose- lowering potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Annona muricata were studied. Thirty wistar albino rats were divided into six groups of five rats per group. Group 1 served as “Normal control” animals and received normal rat pellets and water. Diabetes mellitus was induced in Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (130 mg/kg). Group 6 rats were administered with 400 mg/kg daily of the extract without induction; group 3 rats were treated with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight), groups 4 and 5 received 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight of A. muricata leaf extract daily respectively throughout the duration of the experiment of 14 days. Group 2 rats were induced but not treated with any drug, thus it served as the “Negative control” group. Quantitative phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract was carried out using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. Acute toxicity test of the leaf extract of A. muricata was determi...
Chemical Profile and Study of the Antidiabetic Effect of Annona squamosa L. peel
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is considered a public health problem worldwide. Current treatment involves the use of oral antidiabetics, whereas natural products could be a therapeutic alternative because of their bioactive compounds. The objective of this research was to investigate the chemical profile and antidiabetic effect of the peel of Annona squamosa L. (sugar apple) and evaluate a possible mechanism of action. We analyzed the content of secondary metabolites finding the following in 100 g of freeze-dried peel: 5000.13 ± 30.44 GAEq mg, 82.04 ± 1.12 QEq mg, 3023.07 ± 75.83 AA mg, 13919.07 ± 492.11 CA mg, 16099.56 ± 492.11 L-MA mg, 21346.73 ± 1134.01 D-MA mg, 5261.92 ± 34.59 TA mg, 2920.15 ± 290.13 Glu mg, and 5271.59 ± 562.07 Fru mg. The antihyperglycemic effect of the freeze-dried peel of sugar apple was demonstrated using an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in healthy Wistar rats, discovering an effect at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, which was reversed by administering W...
Anti-Hyperglycemic Effect Annona Reticulata L. Leaves on Experimental Diabetic Rat Model
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Context: Annona reticulata Linn (Annonaceae) commonly known as bullock's heart is widely distributed all over India and leaves are used as insecticides, anthelmintic, styptic and are also used externally as suppurant. Objective: The present study has been designed to determine the effectiveness of Hydro-Alcoholic extract of leaves of Annona reticulata L. (HAAR) for potential hypoglycemic activity against streptozotocin (STZ) induced hyperglycemic rats. Materials and methods: Hyperglycemia was induced in rats by administration of multiple low doses (40 mg/kg) of Streptozotocin (STZ) to the overnight fasted rats for five consecutive days intraperitoneally. After 12days of STZ administration, the fasting blood glucose levels (FBG) were measured and the rats with FBG level >250 mg/dL were considered to be diabetic and were used in the study. The study was undertaken by using the plant extract at dose levels of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (as test), p.o. and standard drug as Metformin (300 mg/kg) in both normoglycemic and streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic animals. Hypoglycemic potential was assessed by the measurement of fasting blood glucose, Lipid Profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides), physical parameters (body weight, food and water intake) and Oral Glucose tolerance test. Results and discussion: Results of the studies showed that, the fasting blood glucose level in hyperglycemic and in oral glucose tolerance test, showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease at defined time points, while the observed biochemical and physical parameters showed a good agreement with hypoglycemic property of the extract. Conclusion: The present study suggests that Annona reticulata leaves possess potent glucose lowering effect.
Inhibition of key enzymes linked to diabetes by Annona senegalensis Pers (Annonaceae) leaf in vitro
Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2018
Annona senegalensis Pers (Annonaceae) known as Wild Custard Apple is used locally in the treatment of diabetes in Nigeria. This study was aimed at investigating the inhibitory potential of A. senegalensis leaf extracts and fractions on the activities of some enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) linked to diabetes. Plant samples were extracted with n-hexane (HEX), ethyl cetate (EtOAc) and ethanol (EtOH) and the extracts were subjected to in vitro antidiabetic studies. The most active extract was further fractionated using column chromatography and the fractions obtained were screened for the inhibitory activities whilst the possible bioactive compounds were determined by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). From the results, ethanolic extract possessed lowest IC50 values (α-amylase: 204.04 ± 6.38 μg/ml, αglucosidase: 97.91 ± 2.40 μg/ml) compared to other extracts. The most active fraction (Ffraction) from the ethanolic extract showed lower IC50 values for α-amylase (237.14 ± 31.19 μg/ml) and α-glucosidase (88.25 ± 0.59 μg/ml). The data further showed that F-fraction is a competitive inhibitor (Vmax: 27.03 μmol/min, Km: 0.24%, ki value: 8.46 μg/ml) for α-amylase and non-competitive inhibitor for α-glucosidase (Vmax: 1.10 μmol/min, Km: 3.7 mmol/l, ki value: 1.26 μg/ml). Possible compounds revealed by GC-MS from F-fraction were hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 1,3-octadecenal, and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and bis (2-methylpropyl) ester. Therefore, our present data showed that A. senegalensis showed inhibitory potentials on the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, attributed to the possible presence of identified compounds.
Anti hyperglycemic activities of Annona muricata (Linn)
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2010
This study was designed to determine the effects of methanolic extracts of Annona muricata (Linn) on the blood glucose level of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Thirty adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups (A, B and C) of ten rats each. Group A was the control, Group B was untreated hyperglycemic group and group C was A. muricata-treated group. Hyperglycemia was induced in groups B and C by a single intraperitoneal injection of 80mg/kg streptozotocin dissolved in 0.1M citrate buffer. The control group was intraperitoneally injected with equivalent volume of citrate buffer and all the animals were monitored for four weeks. Daily intra peritoneal injection of 100mg/kg A. muricata was administered to group C rats for two weeks and the animals were monitored for another two weeks. The data obtained were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed a mean body weight of 206 + 7.74g, 173.29+5.13g and 197 + 5.62g respectively for the control, untreated diabetic and A. muricata-treated diabetic group, and a mean blood glucose concentration of 3.78 + 0.190 mmol/L, 21.64 + 2.229mmol/L and 4.22 + 0.151mmol/L for the control, untreated diabetic and treated diabetic groups respectively. A significant difference exists between the blood glucose concentrations of treated and untreated hyperglycemic groups of rats. The result of this study demonstrated that A. muricata possesses anti-hyperglycemic activities.
Anti hyperglycemic activities of Annona muricata (linn)
2009
This study was designed to determine the effects of methanolic extracts of Annona muricata (Linn) on the blood glucose level of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Thirty adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups (A, B and C) of ten rats each. Group A was the control, Group B was untreated hyperglycemic group and group C was A. muricata-treated group. Hyperglycemia was induced in groups B and C by a single intraperitoneal injection of 80mg/kg streptozotocin dissolved in 0.1M citrate buffer. The control group was intraperitoneally injected with equivalent volume of citrate buffer and all the animals were monitored for four weeks. Daily intra peritoneal injection of 100mg/kg A. muricata was administered to group C rats for two weeks and the animals were monitored for another two weeks. The data obtained were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed a mean body weight of 206 + 7.74g, 173.29+5.13g and 197 + 5.62g respectively for the control, untreated diabetic and A. muricata-treated diabetic group, and a mean blood glucose concentration of 3.78 + 0.190 mmol/L, 21.64 + 2.229mmol/L and 4.22 + 0.151mmol/L for the control, untreated diabetic and treated diabetic groups respectively. A significant difference exists between the blood glucose concentrations of treated and untreated hyperglycemic groups of rats. The result of this study demonstrated that A. muricata possesses anti-hyperglycemic activities.
Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021
Background Annona species can be found in the subtropical and tropical parts of the world. Because of their medicinal capabilities and highly exotic edible fruits, they are one of the most important members of the Annonaceae family. Isoquinolines, pyrimidine-β-carboline alkaloids, lectins, acetogenins, and volatile oils are among the active metabolites found in this genus, all of which have been shown to have anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities. Main body The fundamental objective of this review was to summarize the antidiabetic and antioxidant activity based on reported secondary data from different plants of the genus Annona. These species include Annona cherimola, Annona squamosa, Annona macroprophyllata, Annona muricate, Annona reticulata, Annona carcans, Annona coriacea, Annona cornifolia, and Annona senegalensis. The Annona species investigated had significant antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties. Conclusion The available evidence, both in vitro and in vivo, confi...