Defining Patterns of Sagittal Standing Posture in Girls and Boys of School Age (original) (raw)
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Defining Patterns of Sagittal Standing Posture in School-Aged Girls and Boys
Physical therapy, 2016
Sagittal postural patterns are associated with back pain in adolescents and adults. However, it is unknown if postural patterns are already observable during childhood. This would confirm childhood as a key period for posture differentiation and thus for chronic pain etiology. We aimed to identify and describe postural patterns in school-aged girls and boys. This was a cross-sectional study. Eligible children were evaluated at age 7 in the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, Portugal. Posture was assessed through right-side photographs during habitual standing with retro-reflective markers placed on body landmarks. We defined postural patterns from trunk, lumbar and sway angles using model-based clusters and associations with anthropometric measures were assessed by multinomial logistic regression. Posture was evaluated in 1147 girls and 1266 boys. Three postural patterns were identified: "Sway" (26.9%), "Flat" (20.9%) and "Neutral to Hyperlordotic...
Classification system of the sagittal standing alignment in young adolescent girls
European Spine Journal, 2013
Purpose The purpose of this cohort study was to classify sagittal standing alignment of pre-peak height velocity (pre-PHV) girls, and to evaluate whether identified subgroups were associated with measures of spinal pain. This study further aimed at drawing attention to similarities and differences between the current postural classification and a previous system determined among pre-PHV boys. Methods 557 pre-PHV girls [mean age, 10.6 years (SD, 0.47 years)] participated in the study. Three gross body segment orientation parameters and five specific lumbopelvic characteristics were quantified during habitual standing. Postural subgroups were determined by cluster analysis. Logistic regression was applied to assess the relationship between postural subgroups and spinal pain measures (pain and seeking care, assessed by self-administered questionnaire). Chi-square statistics, independent samples T test, and distribution-based methods were used for comparison with postural categorization in pre-PHV boys. Results and conclusion Among pre-PHV girls, clinically meaningful posture clusters emerged both on the gross body segment and specific lumbopelvic level. The postural subtypes identified among pre-PHV girls closely corresponded to those previously described in pre-PHV boys, thereby allowing the use of the same, working nomenclature. In contrast to previous findings among pre-PHV boys, no associations between posture clusters and spinal pain measures were significant in girls at pre-PHV age. When comparing discrete 'global' alignment scores across corresponding posture types, some intriguing differences were found between genders which might involve different biomechanical loading patterns. Whether habitual posture forms a risk factor for developing spinal pain up to adulthood needs evaluation in prospective multifactorial follow-up research.
BMJ open, 2017
Adult sagittal posture is established during childhood and adolescence. A flattened or hypercurved spine is associated with poorer musculoskeletal health in adulthood. Although anthropometry from birth onwards is expected to be a key influence on sagittal posture design, this has never been assessed during childhood. Our aim was to estimate the association between body size throughout childhood with sagittal postural patterns at age 7. Prospective cohort study. A subsample of 1029 girls and 1101 boys taking part in the 7-year-old follow-up of the birth cohort Generation XXI (Porto, Portugal) was included. We assessed the associations between anthropometric measurements (weight, height and body mass index) at birth, 4 and 7 years of age and postural patterns at age 7. Postural patterns were defined using latent profile analysis, a probabilistic model-based technique which allows for simultaneously including anthropometrics as predictors of latent profiles by means of logistic regress...
European Spine Journal, 2012
Introduction From a clinical point of view, knowledge of customary standing positions among healthy young adolescents is of primary importance. The purpose of this study was to document the correlations between sagittal standing posture parameters in a pre-peak height velocity (pre-PHV) cohort. Materials and methods This cohort study included 639 pre-PHV boys (age 12.6 [SD, 0.54] years) and 557 pre-PHV girls (age 10.6 [SD, 0.47] years). Gross body segment orientations and spinopelvic orientation/shape indexes were quantified using a clinical screening protocol. Pearson's correlation coefficients were determined for all sagittal standing plane alignment parameters, and a postural model was used to analyze the correlations between parameters. Results Both at the gross body segment and spinopelvic level, an interdependence was found between postural parameters. No correlations were observed between 'global' parameters related to the pelvis, trunk or body anteroposterior translation postures and 'local' spinopelvic geometries. A similar pattern and strength of correlations was obtained in pre-PHV boys and girls, except for the reciprocal relationships between the craniovertebral angle and adjacent anatomic segment characteristics and between thoraco-lumbar geometries. Conclusions Although the correlation schemes do not imply a causal relationship, the proposed postural model allows conjecture about standing posture to be organized slightly differently in pre-PHV boys and girls. Whereas the standing posture in pre-PHV boys might be organized predominantly according to an ascending mode, bottom-up and top-down organizations appear to coexist in pre-PHV girls.
Somatic determinants of changes in selected body posture parameters in younger school-age children
PeerJ, 2021
Background. The aim of this study was to describe changes in selected parameters of body posture in children between 5 and 9 years old with diversified somatic structures. Methods. The study was carried out in 2015 and then repeated in 2018 among 67 participants who had previously been observed to have scoliotic posture. Basic body weight and height measurements were taken, which were then used to calculate the body mass index. Posture tests were conducted using the photogrammetric method. Results. Girls and boys were not significantly different in body dimensions. With age, the number of overweight boys and children with normal growth-weight proportions increased. Temporary differences in posture variables indicating abnormalities were small. Conclusions. There were no significant differences in somatic parameters between the girls and the boys. Those children with a slender body structure had the most abnormalities in the coronal plane. On the other hand, changes in spinal position in the sagittal plane were more frequent in overweight children. Relations were noted between the compensation index in the sagittal plane and deviation of the trunk inclination, the maximum deviation of the line of the spinous processes, and the angle of the shoulder line in the coronal plane and body mass index values were noted.
Types of body posture and their characteristics in boys 10 to 13 years of age
Collegium antropologicum, 2011
The main goal of the study was to determine the types of body posture of boys (n = 273), 10 to 13 years of age, by means of the body posture assessment method based on the software Posture Image Analyzer. The results should enable better understanding of postural issues, as well as timely and more precise selection of kinesitherapeutic procedures. Values of 5 front view and 4 sagittal view indicators of standing body posture were measured by means of subjects' photographs and software Image Posture Analyzer Cluster analysis (K-means method) revealed three types of body posture in both the anterior and sagittal plane. Their characteristics were determined with discriminant analysis. In sagittal indicators three posture types are recognizable: (a) correct sagittal body posture (29.3%), (b) mild impaired sagittal body posture (41.8%), (c) marked impaired sagittal body posture (28.9%). In anterior indicators also three posture types are recognizable: (a) correct anterior body postur...
Theoretical framework: Several spinal problems and misalignments begin during puberty and can be associated to poor posture. Objetives: To characterise the posture of children and adolescents by searching for associations with sociodemographic, behavioural, anthropometric, and clinical variables. Methodology: Cross-sectional analytical study using photogrammetry in a sample consisting of 135 participants, aged between 6 and 18 years. Results: The weight of the backpack was inadequate (>15% of body weight) in 10% of cases. The prevalence of low back pain associated to the type of footwear and Adam's test was 37.8%. Students with positive Adam's test are older, heavier, taller, more sedentary, and carry excessive weight in their backpacks. Significant gender differences were observed in the anterior view for both Q-angles, with girls tending to physiologic genu valgum). In the right and left lateral views, the results in the Adam's test varied significantly, with participants with positive Adam's test tending to a forward head posture. Conclusion: The results underline the importance of implementing programs directed to postural education. Marco contextual: muchos problemas y desalineamientos vertebrales tienen su origen en la pubertad y pueden estar asociados a una mala postura. Objetivos: caracterizar la postura de niños y adolescentes buscando asociaciones con variables sociodemográficas, comportamentales, antropométricas y clínicas. Metodología: estudio analítico de corte transversal realizado por fotogrametría en una muestra de 135 participantes con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y los 18 años. Resultados: el peso de la mochila es inapropiado (>15 % del peso corporal) en el 10 % de los casos. La prevalencia del dolor de espalda fue del 37,8 %, asociándose con el tipo de calzado y la prueba de Adams. Los alumnos con Adams positivo son mayores, presentan más peso y talla, son más sedentarios y cargan mochilas más pesadas. Se observaron diferencias significativas de género en la vista anterior para ambos ángulos cuadricipitales, con tendencia en las niñas al valguismo fisiológico. En ambas vistas de perfil los resultados variaron significativamente según la prueba de Adams. Los participantes con Adams positivo tendían a la anteriorización. Conclusión: los resultados destacan la importancia de implementar programas dirigidos a la educación postural. Enquadramento: Muitos problemas e desalinhamentos vertebrais têm a sua origem na puberdade, podendo estar associados à má postura. Objetivos: Caracterizar a postura de crianças e adolescentes procurando associações com variáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais, antropométricas e clínicas. Metodologia: Estudo analítico/transversal realizado por fotogrametria numa amostra constituída por 135 participantes, com idades entre os 6 e os 18 anos. Resultados: O peso da mochila é inadequado (>15% da massa corporal) em 10 % dos casos. A prevalência de lombalgia foi de 37,8% associando-se ao tipo de calçado e teste de Adams. Estudantes com Adams positivo são mais velhos, mais pesados, mais altos, mais sedentários e transportam mais peso nas mochilas. Diferenças significativas entre sexos foram observadas na vista anterior para ambos os ângulos quadricipitais, tendendo as raparigas para genu valgo fisiológico. Nas vistas laterias direita e esquerda os resultados variaram de forma significativa de acordo com o teste de Adams, tendendo os participantes com Adams positivo para a anteriorização. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciam a importância da implementação de programas direcionados à educação postural.
Reference Values for Sagittal Clinical Posture Assessment in People Aged 10 to 69 Years
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Poor posture is a well-known problem in all age groups and can lead to back pain, which in turn can result in high socio-economic costs. Regular assessment of posture can therefore help to identify postural deficits at an early stage in order to take preventive measures and can therefore be an important tool for promoting public health. We measured the posture of 1127 symptom-free subjects aged 10 to 69 years using stereophotogrammetry and determined the sagittal posture parameters flèche cervicale (FC), flèche lombaire (FL), and kyphosis index (KI) as well as the values standardized to the trunk height (FC%, FL%, KI%). FC, FC%, KI, and KI% showed an increase with age in men but not in women, and a difference between the sexes. FL remained largely constant with age, although FL% had significantly greater values in women than men. Postural parameters correlated only moderately or weakly with body mass index. Reference values were determined for different age groups and for both sexes...