Classification system of the sagittal standing alignment in young adolescent girls (original) (raw)
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Sagittal Standing Posture and Its Association With Spinal Pain
Spine, 2012
Study Design. Cross-sectional baseline data set on the sagittal standing posture of 1196 adolescents. Objective. To describe and quantify common variations in the sagittal standing alignment in boys and girls who are in the same phase of growth and to explore the association between habitual standing posture and measures for spinal pain. Summary of Background Data. Data on postural characteristics and spinal pain measures in adolescence are sparse, especially when somatic and biological maturity status is to be considered. Our understanding of the relationship between standing posture in the sagittal plane and spinal pain is also defi cient. Methods. A total of 639 boys (age [mean ± SD], 12.6 ± 0.54 yr) and 557 girls (10.6 ± 0.47 yr), with predicted years from peak height velocity (PHV) being 1.2 ± 0.71 and 1.2 ± 0.59 pre-PHV, respectively, were studied. Postural examination included the assessment of global alignment and local spinopelvic characteristics, using post hoc analyses of digital images and direct body measurements (palpation, digital inclinometry, and wheeled accelerometry). Spinal pain experience was assessed by questionnaire. Results. A wide interindividual variation in sagittal posture characteristics was observed. Logistic regression analyses yielded global alignment parameters to be associated with low back pain (lifetime prevalence), neck pain (lifetime prevalence, 1-mo prevalence, and doctor visit), and thoracic spine pain (doctor visit) outcome measures. None of the included local spinopelvic T here is a belief among clinicians that "non-From the * parameters could be identifi ed as an associated factor with measures of spinal pain. Conclusion. The orientation of gross body segments with respect to the gravity line seems superior to local spinopelvic features in terms of clinical importance, at least in the current pre-PHV cohort. Opportunities may exist for postural subgrouping strategies to begin with global alignment parameters in order to gain further insight into the relationship between sagittal alignment and the relative risk of developing spinal pain/seeking medical consultation for this pain.
Defining Patterns of Sagittal Standing Posture in School-Aged Girls and Boys
Physical therapy, 2016
Sagittal postural patterns are associated with back pain in adolescents and adults. However, it is unknown if postural patterns are already observable during childhood. This would confirm childhood as a key period for posture differentiation and thus for chronic pain etiology. We aimed to identify and describe postural patterns in school-aged girls and boys. This was a cross-sectional study. Eligible children were evaluated at age 7 in the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, Portugal. Posture was assessed through right-side photographs during habitual standing with retro-reflective markers placed on body landmarks. We defined postural patterns from trunk, lumbar and sway angles using model-based clusters and associations with anthropometric measures were assessed by multinomial logistic regression. Posture was evaluated in 1147 girls and 1266 boys. Three postural patterns were identified: "Sway" (26.9%), "Flat" (20.9%) and "Neutral to Hyperlordotic...
Defining Patterns of Sagittal Standing Posture in Girls and Boys of School Age
Physical therapy, 2016
Background. Sagittal postural patterns are associated with back pain in adolescents and adults. However, whether postural patterns are already observable during childhood is unknown. Such a finding would confirm childhood as a key period for posture differentiation and thus for chronic pain etiology. Objective. The aims of this study were to identify and describe postural patterns in girls and boys of school age. Design. This was a cross-sectional study. Methods. Eligible children were evaluated at age 7 in the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI in Portugal. Posture was assessed through right-side photographs during habitual standing with retroreflective markers placed on body landmarks. Postural patterns were defined from trunk, lumbar, and sway angles with model-based clusters, and associations with anthropometric measures were assessed by multinomial logistic regression. Results. Posture was evaluated in 1,147 girls and 1,266 boys. Three postural patterns were identified: sway (26.9%), flat (20.9%), and neutral to hyperlordotic (52.1%) in girls and sway to neutral (58.8%), flat (36.3%), and hyperlordotic (4.9%) in boys. In girls, a higher body mass index was associated with a sway pattern (versus a flat pattern: odds ratio=1.21; 95% CI=1.12, 1.29), whereas in boys, a higher body mass index was associated with a hyperlordotic pattern (versus a flat pattern: odds ratio=1.30; 95% CI=1.17, 1.44). Limitations. Photogrammetry as a noninvasive method for posture assessment may have introduced some postural misclassifications. Conclusions. Postural patterns in 7-year-old children were consistent with those previously found in adults, suggesting that childhood is a sensitive period for posture differentiation. Sagittal morphology differed between girls and boys, emphasizing sex-specific biomechanical loads during a habitual upright position even in prepubertal ages.
The Spine Journal, 2014
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Sagittal standing posture is associated with musculoskeletal symptoms and quality of life. However, the frequency and determinants of suboptimal sagittal alignment outside the clinical context remain to be clarified. PURPOSE: To estimate the association of sociodemographic, anthropometric, and behavioral characteristics with sagittal standing posture among adults from the general population. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional evaluation of a population-based sample. PATIENT SAMPLE: As part of the EPIPorto study, 489 adults were assessed during 2005 to 2008. OUTCOME MEASURES: Individual spinopelvic parameters were measured. Additionally, participants were classified into one of four types of sagittal postural patterns (Roussouly classification: Types 1, 2, and 4 corresponding to nonneutral postures and Type 3 to a neutral posture). METHODS: Spinopelvic parameters were recorded from 36-inch sagittal radiographs obtained in free-standing posture. Age, sex, education, occupation, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, total physical activity, leisure time physical activity, time spent in sitting position, smoking status, and tobacco cumulative exposure were collected. Individual parameters and patterns of sagittal posture were compared across categories of participants' characteristics. RESULTS: Older age, lower educational level, blue collar occupation, and overall and central obesity were associated with increased sagittal vertical axis and pelvic tilt/pelvic incidence ratio. Taking the neutral postural pattern (Type 3) as reference for the outcome in a multinomial regression model, independently of age, sex, education, total physical activity, and smoking status, overweight adults had higher odds of Type 2 (odds ratio [OR]51.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-3.27) and Type 4 (OR52.13; 95% CI: 1.16-3.91) postural patterns in comparison with normal weight subjects. Overall and central obesity were positively related with Type 1 postural pattern (OR56.10, 95% CI: 1.52-24.57 and OR53.54, 95% CI: 1.13-11.11, respectively). There was also a weak direct association between female sex and Type 1 postural pattern. Regarding behavioral factors, subjects with total physical activity above the first third exhibited all nonneutral postural patterns less frequently, and current smokers were more likely to present a Type 4 postural pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Higher BMI and central obesity were important potential determinants of nonneutral posture among adults from the general population. Future research should investigate the FDA device/drug status: Not applicable.
Scientific Reports, 2021
The purpose of this work is to identify the resting stance of the torso, defined as the position of the C7 vertebral body relative to the sacrum in a ‘birds eye view’, as the coronal and sagittal offset, in those without spinal deformity, those with pre and post-operative AIS, and those with Scheuermann's kyphosis (SK). Using ISIS2 surface topography, the coronal and sagittal offset were measured in a prospective manner in all groups. With bivariate ellipses, a mean and 95% confidence ellipse of the data was developed. Statistical analyses was performed to examine the distribution of the data from the groups. A graphical representation of the data was developed. There were 829 without spinal deformity, 289 in both the pre and post-operative with AIS and 59 with SK. The results showed that the mean coronal offset for all groups was between 2 and 6 mm and the sagittal offset was 12 and 26 mm. Statistically significance was seen for both measures between the non-scoliotic and both ...
Do different sitting postures affect spinal biomechanics of asymptomatic individuals?
Gait & Posture, 2019
Background: Static sitting is thought to be related to low back pain. Of various common seated postures, slouched sitting has been suggested to cause viscoelastic creep. This, in turn, may compromise trunk muscle activity and proprioception, and heightening the risk of low back pain. To date, no research has evaluated immediate and short-term effects of brief exposures to different sitting postures on spinal biomechanics and trunk proprioception. Research question: This study aimed to compare the impacts of 20 min of static slouched, upright and supported sitting with a backrest on trunk range of motion, muscle activity, and proprioception immediately after and 30 min after the sitting tasks. Methods: Thirty-seven adults were randomly assigned to the three sitting posture groups. Surface electromyography of six trunk muscles during maximum voluntary contractions were measured at baseline for normalization. Pain intensity, lumbar range of motion, and proprioceptive postural control strategy were assessed at baseline, 20 min (immediately post-test) and at 50 min (recovery). Trunk muscle activity during sitting was continuously monitored by surface electromyography. Results: While the slouched sitting group demonstrated the lowest bilateral obliquus internus/transversus abdominis activity as compared to other sitting postures (F = 4.87, p < 0.05), no significant temporal changes in pain intensity, lumbar range of motion nor proprioceptive strategy were noted in any of the groups. Significance: Sitting for 20 min of duration appears to have no adverse effects on symptoms or spinal biomechanics regardless of the posture adopted. Future research should determine if there is a point at which does slouched sitting cause significant changes in pain/spinal biomechanics in people both with and without low back pain.