Traumatic Encephalitis in Dogs (original) (raw)
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Necrotising encephalitis in a French bulldog
Journal of Small Animal Practice, 2007
A 20-month-old, female French bulldog was presented with a threemonth history of generalised seizures and progressive ataxia with occasional falling over on either side. Neurological examination revealed signs, suggesting a multifocal intracranial lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed two connected lesions on the left side of the caudal brainstem and a further lesion in the cerebrum. The dog was euthanased, and histopathological examination revealed lesions which closely resembled those of necrotising encephalitis in Yorkshire terriers. This is the first case describing this type of necrotising encephalitis in a French bulldog.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Histologically Confirmed Pug Dog Encephalitis
Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 2008
The purpose of the study was to describe magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of histologically confirmed necrotizing encephalitis in four Pugs and to compare those findings with MR imaging characteristics of necrotizing encephalitis in other breeds. All dogs had the following common findings: lesions restricted to the forebrain, both cerebral hemispheres diffusely but asymmetrically affected, lesions affected gray and white matter resulting in loss of distinction between both, most severe lesions in occipital and parietal lobes, lesions were irregularly T2-hyperintense and T1-isointense to slightly T1-hypointense, and no cavitation. There were various degrees of contrast enhancement of brain and leptomeninges. Asymmetry of lateral ventricles and midline shift was seen in one dog each. Two dogs had brain herniation, which may have contributed to the progression of neurologic signs. Hyperintensity on T2-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery images in the hippocampus and piriform lobe was consistent with excitotoxic edema, whereas similar imaging features in other forebrain areas corresponded to areas of inflammation or liquefaction on histopathology. In comparison with necrotizing encephalitis in other canine breeds, Pug dog encephalitis has some unique MR imaging features. Therefore, these characteristics cannot be applied to other breeds, nor should imaging features of necrotizing encephalitis of other canine breeds be used for interpretation of MR images in Pug dogs. Veterinary
Eastern Equine Encephalitis in Dogs
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2005
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is an Alphavirus that is endemic in the Southeastern United States. From 1993 to January 2005, the Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory in Tifton, Georgia, performed postmortem examinations on over 101 domestic canines exhibiting clinical neurological disturbances. In 12 of these dogs, brains were histologically suggestive of infection with EEEV. All dogs were less than 6 months of age, with no breed predilection. Clinical signs included pyrexia, depression, nystagmus, and lateral recumbency. Microscopically, brains from all 12 puppies contained infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes, with occasional neutrophils and random foci of astrocytosis and gliosis. There were mild to moderate perivascular infiltrates of neutrophils along with scattered lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages in the meninges. Viruses isolated from brain homogenates of all 12 puppies were confirmed by indirect fluorescent antibody t...
Clinical and Diagnostic Studies on Common Causes of Canine Meningeo-Encephalitis in Egypt
International Journal of Veterinary Science, 2020
Canine meningeo-encephalitis triggered many causes, some of them can be distinguished and others are invisible and have a great challenge with small animal clinicians. The present study was conducted to detect the common causes of meningeo-encephalitis among dogs that were admitted to the small animal clinic, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Cairo University, Egypt from March to December 2019. About twenty-eight dogs were studied and included thirteen apparently healthy dogs while fifteen dogs suffered from meningeo-encephalitis. All dogs subjected to thorough clinical examination. Whole blood and serum samples were taken for evaluation of hematobiochemical changes. In addition, conjunctival and nasal swabs were taken for rapid detection of canine distemper virus infection (CDV) infection. Also, fecal samples were taken for detection of parasitic infection. Results showed that CDV is the most recorded cause for meningeo-encephalitis. Other causes were recorded included Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Babesia canis and head trauma. Physical examination revealed significant increase in both respiration and heart rates in affected dogs. Hematological status revealed significant decrease in RBCs count and relative lymphocytes in affected dogs while there was a significant increase in WBCs count and relative neutrophils. Biochemical status indicated significant decrease in serum albumin and A/G ratio while there was a significant increase in serum activity of aspartate amino transferase (AST) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level among diseased dogs. CDV infection is the most recorded cause for meningeo-encephalitis in dogs beside Toxocara spp., Babesia canis and head trauma. Infectious causes have an impact on physical, hematological and biochemical status in affected dogs.
Veterinary Radiology <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Ultrasound, 2006
Two young adult Yorkshire terriers had neurologic signs consistent with forebrain and brainstem involvement or forebrain involvement alone. On magnetic resonance imaging studies there were asymmetric bilateral lesions mainly in the cerebral cortex, and in the diencephalon. These areas were hyperintense on T2-weighted and FLAIR images, but hypointense or isointense on T1-weighted images. Lesions had a varying degree of contrast enhancement. Areas which were isointense on T1-weighted images had no contrast enhancement or only foci of contrast enhancement. Lesions with hypointensity in T1-weighted images had no enhancement or more frequently ring-like enhancement around the lesion. Necrotizing encephalitis was confirmed pathohistologically in both dogs. The degree of contrast enhancement appeared to be related to the degree of lymphohistiocytic inflammation on histologic examination.
Necrotizing encephalitis in Yorkshire terriers
Journal of Small Animal Practice, 1993
ABSTRACT During the past six years these authors have observed a distinctive multifocal non-suppurative necrotizing encephalitis in Yorkshire terriers. Histopathological findings were different from those in canine encephalitides of known and unknown causes. Clinically, the Yorkshire terriers presented primarily brain stem signs or evidence of cerebral involvement, including seizures. The course of the disease was mostly chronic and progressive. Protozoal, bacterial and mycotic organisms were not found on histopathological examinations. The morphology of the lesions was strongly suggestive of a viral aetiology. Immunocytochemistry as well as in situ hybridisation failed to provide evidence for canine distemper virus infection. Likewise, canine herpesvirus was not detected by immunocytochemistry. Other known canine encephalitides could be excluded on clinical and morphological grounds; however, certain similarities may exist to pug dog encephalitis.
Eastern equine encephalitis in puppies in Michigan and New York states
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc, 2018
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is classified as a select agent and is capable of causing mortality in humans and a number of veterinary species. Herein, we describe 3 cases of EEE in puppies in Michigan and New York. Two puppies were euthanized following an acute history of seizures and obtundation. A littermate of one of these puppies died 2 wk earlier following a history of anorexia and fever. All 3 puppies lacked significant gross anatomic lesions at autopsy and tested negative for rabies virus. In all 3 puppies, histologic examination revealed necrotizing, neutrophilic, lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis with strong positive immunohistochemical labeling for EEEV antigen in neurons and glial cells. The diagnosis of EEE was confirmed by PCR in one puppy and by plaque reduction neutralization testing in the other 2 dogs. EEE is rare in dogs, and has only been reported in puppies. The initial clinical signs of EEE in puppies are typically nonspecific, including anorexia...
Necrotizing Encephalitis in a Yorkshire Terrier: Clinical, Imaging, and Pathologic Findings
Veterinary Radiology <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Ultrasound, 1999
A ij-year-old, male Yorkshire Terrier had chronic and progressive neurologic signs compatible with lesions in the right brain stem and right forebrain. In magnetic resonance images of the brain there were multifocal lesions at different stages of evolution, consistent with an inflammatory disease. The lesions were located in the white matter of the cerebrum, in the diencephalon and mesencephalon. These lesions were hypointense in T1-weighted images and hyperintense in TZ-weighted images with no mass effect and minimal enhancement with gadolinium. Necrotizing encephalitis was confirmed post mortem.
Hydrocephalus with Periventricular Encephalitis in the Dog
Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A, 1997
A 3-month-old female Dalmatian dog and a 2.5-month-old Poodle dog were referred with a sudden onset of neurological syndrome consistent with hydrocephalus. Clinical signs included depression, severe ataxia, eye abnormalities and skull enlargrnent in one case. Postmorten examination revealed severe internal hydrocephalus with cavitation of the cerebral white matter associated with necrotizing and inflammatory lesions of the periventricu1ar nervous tissue. Although no bacteria were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and no infectious agents were detected in the brains, an infectious etiology was postulated.
Revista MVZ Córdoba, 2021
Objetive. To determine the casuistry of neurological diseases, as well as the age, race and affected neuroanatomical sites. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of the clinical records of canine patients attended was carried out at the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the University Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala in 2017. The data were classified according to the VitaminD mnemonic rule. The variables sex, race, age, and neuroanatomical localization of lesions were included. The data were summarized using descriptive statistics through frequency distribution tables. Results. From 1127 case records, the prevalence of neurological diseases was 8.43%. The frequency was higher in males than in females (53.68% vs 46.32%). The most affected age group ranges from zero to seven years. Regarding breeds, a higher frequency was observed in canines without defined breed (25.53%) followed by French Poodle dogs (20.21%). The pathologies found were vascular (1.05%), inflammatory/infectious (25.26%), traumatic (13.68%), metabolic (8.42%), idiopathic (6.32%), neoplastic (1.05%) and degenerative (44.21%). The most common neurolocalization was at the CNS level (86.32%). Conclusions. According to the findings of this study, it was determined that degenerative diseases represented most of the neurological casuistry. The highest frequency of cases occurred in young canine patients, males of mixed breeds. The most frequent neuroanatomical site of lesions was in the spinal cord at the thoracolumbar level.