Hepatitis B virus Vertical Transmission in Booked Pregnant Women in Abuja, Nigeria (original) (raw)
Related papers
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Nigeria has remained a public health issue and a major cause of mortality especially in developing countries. Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus infection is thought to be one of the major routes of transmission in developing countries. In spite of this, routine antenatal screening for hepatitis infection is not yet practiced in many Nigerian hospitals. This study was undertaken with the aim of determining the prevalence of HBsAg antibodies among women attending ante-natal clinic at General Hospital Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and fifty women were recruited for this study between January and March, 2012 and were screened for anti-HBsAg antibodies using the one step rapid HBsAg Test Kit (Hypertec. Diagnostic, Germany). The anti-HBsAg prevalence was determined to be 4% (6/150) with the highest prevalence (7.14%) recorded in pregnant women aged 26-30 years. The trimester related prevalence of HBsAg was highest (5.88%) among women on their 2nd trimester. Statistical analysis revealed that age and trimester were not statistically associated (P > 0.05) with HBsAg antibodies prevalence. The findings of high prevalence of HBsAg in antenatal women in their 2nd trimester during which the fetus undergo certain developmental processes possess high risk to the developing fetus.
Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences, 2012
Infections due to viral hepatitis are systemic diseases caused by viruses A-E that mostly involve the liver. [1] It is a DNA virus which belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae. The virus was first discovered as 'Australian antigen' and later named hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the blood of patients. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was discovered later as a marker for patients at a high risk for transmission of the disease. [2] Infection caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious public health problem causing about two billion infections worldwide. [3] Transmission is commonly through blood transfusion, blood products, body fluids (urine, semen, sweat, saliva, and tears), use of contaminated needles, vertical transmission (mother to child through infected birth canal), and sexual contact. [1] Neonates born of chronically infected mothers have a 70-90% risk of the infection progressing to a chronic phase. [3] Most countries in Africa have a high HBV endemicity, with the exception of Morocco and Tunisia, which have intermediate endemicity. [4] A prevalence rate of 10% of HBV was found among pregnant women in Hong Kong, [3] 12% in Taiwan, [5] and17.3% in Burkina Faso. [6] A b s t r A c t Background: Pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) can transmit the infection to their fetuses and newborns. Neonates who contract the HBV have about 90% risk of developing chronic HBsAg carriage (HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen) and chronic liver disease. Neonatal immunization interrupts this vertical and perinatal transmission. Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of HBsAg among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) and to identify potential risk factors associated with HBV infection. Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted involving a total of 303 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at AKTH and 303 nonpregnant women of childbearing age. Blood sample was collected from each woman and the serum tested for the presence of HBsAg using latex rapid agglutination slide test kit (Cal-Tech Diagnostic Inc., USA) in the laboratory of the hospital. Reactive samples were stored at-20ºC and further confirmed for HBsAg using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (Bio-Rad, France). HBsAg-positive samples were tested for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) using ELISA kits (Orgenics, Israel). A pretested, structured questionnaire was used for the collection of sociodemographic data and possible risk factors. Results: The prevalence of HBsAg among pregnant women and nonpregnant women were 7.9 and 7.6%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of HBsAg in pregnant and nonpregnant women. The presence of HBeAg was statistically significant among both pregnant and nonpregnant women who tested positive for HBsAg. The risk factors associated with HBV infection were blood transfusion, ear piercing, history of an affected sibling with HBV infection, tattooing, and abortion among pregnant women. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBsAg in this study was not statistically different in pregnant and nonpregnant women. There was a high level of HBeAg infection among pregnant women who tested positive for HBsAg. History of an affected sibling with HBV infection, tattoo, and abortion were significant risk factors for HBV infection.
Background: Hepatitis B is adjudged to be one of the most infectious diseases in the world and a major public health problem with about 5% of the world population as asymptomatic carriers translating to 350 million people harboring hepatitis B virus (HBV) globally. Chronic infection with HBV occurs in up to 90% of infants infected at birth, 30% for children aged one year to five years, and 6% from six years and above. Thus, prevention of perinatal infection is an important strategy to reducing the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection in Nigeria being an endemic country. Emphasis therefore is placed on the screening of all pregnant women for HBsAg during the antenatal visit so as to detect positive women whose new borne will need prophylaxis to reduce the risk of contracting the infection. Objectives: 1. to determine the percentage of pregnant women who were screened for Hepatitis B at PHC Karu, Abuja in 2013.2. To determine the sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B among pregnant women screened at PHC Karu, Abuja, in 2013.3. To determine whether the policy of prophylaxis against perinatal infection for neonates of sero-positive mothers were strictly followed at this PHC during the review period. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study which used secondary data extracted from antenatal registers, laboratory registers, HBsAg-positive patients' antenatal and delivery case notes for the period under review – Jan.-Dec. 2013. Results: All the 856 pregnant women who registered for ANC in this PHC were offered HBsAg screening, 99.3% (850) complied with the screening, and 8.5% (72) sero-prevalence recorded. All the positive cases were referred to secondary health facility for HBIG prophylaxis; however no follow-up was done to ascertain the outcome. Conclusion: The high endemic rate of HBV infection, (8.5% prevalence) requires more effort at preventing the vertical transmission. 100% screening rate for all ANC clients is highly encouraged as well as 100% follow up rate for exposed infants' HBIG prophylaxis.
Hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection among pregnant women in makurdi, nigeria
African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2010
The prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) carrier and infectivity status among three hundred (300) pregnant women in Makurdi were determined through random anonymous testing of volunteers attending antenatal clinics of different Hospitals within the metropolis. HBV carriage status was determined by the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Repeated reactive samples were confirmed by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Bio Rad, France). Maternal HBV infectivity status was determined by testing all HBsAg positive samples for the presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Overall, 33 (11%) pregnant women were identified as carriers of HBV and 10 of the 33 (30.3%) pregnant women identified as HBV carriers tested positive for HBeAg. Hence, 3.3% of the entire study population was found to have high viral replication as well as high risk of transmitting HBV to their neonates. The frequency of HBV carriers did not vary with age, however it varies significantly with the anaemic status of the subjects (P<0.05). This study demonstrates the endemicity of HBV infection in Makurdi and high infectivity rates, suggest that HBV is likely to be acquired by both vertical and horizontal means of transmission. Free screening and immunization of all pregnant women and infants should be incorporated in the antenatal and post natal programmes in hospitals for the eradication of HBV infection among pregnant women.
International Journal of MCH and AIDS (IJMA)
Objective: To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women and identify markers associated with vertical transmission of HBV.Methods: Prospective and cross-sectional study over 10 months on 298 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the Cité Verte and Efoulan District hospitals in Cameroon.A dry tube blood collection was performed on all pregnant women and babies born to HBsAg-positive mothers. Serum from the women was used to test for HBsAg through immunochromatography and then confirmed by ELISA.The test for HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb and dosage of transaminases were performed on the serum of HBsAg-positive women. Only HBsAg was tested in babies within 24 hours after birth.Results: HBsAg was present in 23 (7.7%) mothers while 275 (92.3%) tested negative.Due to loss to followup, we assessed vertical transmission in 20 babies born to20 mothers. In all, eight babies tested HBsAgpositive; six mothers tested positive with HBeAg; 10 mothers with HBe...
Hepatitis B virus infection amongst pregnant women in North-Eastern Nigeria- A call for action
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2011
Background: It is well known that Hepatitis B virus infection is endemic in Nigeria. Even though studies have been carried out on Hepatitis B virus infection in different parts of Nigeria, and in different subgroups of individuals, information regarding the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant women is scanty especially from the Northeastern region of Nigeria. We therefore determined the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) amongst pregnant women in North Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out. The setting was the antenatal clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Yola, Nigeria. The duration of the study was from July 2008 to December 2008. Two hundred and thirty-one consecutively recruited pregnant women were screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen. Positive samples were re-tested using ELISA to eliminate false positives. Their biodata were obtained using a questionnaire to establish the presence of possible risk factors such as blood transfusion, surgery, etc. Written informed consent was obtained from each woman. Results: Out of the 231 pregnant women tested, nineteen of them were seropositive for Hepatitis B virus infection giving an infection rate of 8.2%. Women in the age group 25-29 years had the highest HBV infection rate. Conclusion: This study confirms a high seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus infect ion amongst pregnant women. It is recommended that pregnant women should be routinely screened for Hepatitis B virus infection as part of antenatal care services.
International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2009
Hepatitis B is a worldwide health care problem, especially in developing countries. An estimated one third of the global population has been infected with this virus. Two hundred (200) serum samples from pregnant women attending the antenatal centre of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria were screened for Hepatitis B virus antigen (HBsAg) using the one step rapid chromatographic strip for HBsAg. Structured questionnaires were administered to obtain the risk factors associated with viral hepatitis in the population. Out of the total samples screened, 32(16%) were found to be positive for HBsAg. The highest prevalence was recorded among the age groups 20-29 years, with overall number of 19(9.5%). Relatively high seroprevalence (8%) was also recorded among civil servants. Considering the various risk factors, the prevalence of HBV was statistically significant (p<0.05) for subjects that had blood transfusion recording 14(7%), while those with history of...
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women in Jos, Nigeria
Objectives: The study sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Hepatitis B surface antigenemia (HBsAg) positivity among pregnant women in Jos, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among the pregnant population in five healthcare facilities in Jos, between November 1, 2017 and April 30, 2018. Informed consent was obtained, and data on sociodemographic and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were collected. Hepatitis B viral infection was assessed using the in vitro HBsAg diagnostic rapid kit (Acon Laboratories, USA). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and logistic regression were performed to identify predictors of HBV infection in the study population. All statistical analyses were carried out on STATA version 15. Results: Of the 3,238 women enrolled, 7.4% (241/3238
Hepatitis B is a worldwide health care problem, especially in developing countries. An estimated one third of the global population has been infected with this virus. Two hundred (200) serum samples from pregnant women attending the antenatal centre of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria were screened for Hepatitis B virus antigen (HBsAg) using the one step rapid chromatographic strip for HBsAg. Structured questionnaires. were administered to obtain the risk factors associated with viral hepatitis in the population. Out of the total samples screened, 32(16%) were found to be positive for HBsAg. The highest prevalence was recorded among the age groups 20-29 years, with overall number of 19(9.5%). Relatively high seroprevalence (8%) was also recorded among civil servants. Considering the various risk factors, the prevalence of HBV was statistically significant (p<0.05) for subjects that had hiood transfusion recording 14(7%), while those with history o...