Kigelia Africana Fruits' Extracts anti Hepato-Toxic Effects on Male Wistar Rats Liver Destruction Induced by CCL4 (original) (raw)
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Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2013
Substances that have a hepato-protective activity are those that can inhibit oxidation to protect the cells of the body from the damaging effects of oxidation. It can bind to free oxygen radicals preventing these radicals from damaging healthy cells. The present study was planned to investigate the effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Kigelia africana fruits as hepato protective agent for the liver damage on male Wistar rats. Animals were grouped randomly to seven groups, Group 1 (normal control), Group 2 received CCl 4 on 3 rd day. Silymarin were given to rats in group 3 for 5 days and CCl 4 induction on 3 rd day. Groups 4, 5 and 6 received methanol extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day) respectively and group 7 received aqueous extract (400 mg/kg/day) for 5 days and CCl 4 induction on 3 rd day. The control had the higher (p<0.05) body weight gain than all groups (CCl 4 control, methanol and aqueous extracts) except silymarin control showed no significant change. The study revealed that, administration of the two extracts (aqueous and methanol) of the plant seeds has a toxic effects which resulted in alterations in Hb, WBCs MCH, MCHC and granulocytes and other hematological parameters, also an alterations in Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activities and other serological parameters. There were alterations in liver and kidney. No significant lesions were observed in the heart or spleen of the test rats. This study showed that fruits of the plant given to the experimental rats at doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day orally were toxic but not fatal; the toxicity was characterized by lower body weight gain, alteration in biochemical, hematological and pathological parameters.
Toxicity of Kigelia africana Fruit in Rats
Advances in Research
Aims: To evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Kigelia africana fruit in Wistar albino rats. Methodology: The aqueous extract of K. africana fruit was administered orally to the rats in group 2, and 3 at a dose of 50, 500 mg/ kg body weight, respectively for test of chronic toxicity. Group 4 received 2000 mg/ kg for acute toxicity, whereas Group 1 was kept as a control. The animals were observed for clinical signs and mortality. The weights of animals were recorded at a weekly interval till the end of the experiment, and blood samples were collected weekly for hematological test and biochemical analysis. Livers and kidneys with pathological lesions were kept in 10% formalin for histopathological investigation. Results: All animals survived in the four groups, and no mortality was recorded. The percentage of weight gain was highest in the control group. The hematological and biochemical parameters were not affected in group 2 and 3. White blood cells (WBC) were significantly (P<.0.05) increased in Original Research Article
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2010
The effect of oral daily administration for twenty eight (28) days of stem bark aqueous extract of Khaya senegalensis on alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotranferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and on the level of serum total bilirubin and total protein were investigated using Albino rats in three dose levels (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg body weight) plus a group serving as control. The result obtained indicated significant (p<0.05) increase in ALT, AST, ALP, and total bilirubin level in comparison with control. However, significant (p<0.05) decrease was observed in the level of total protein in comparison to control. The result indicated that the aqueous stem bark extract of Khaya senegalensis may possess toxic potential, at the dose levels studied.
2020
Introduction: Khaya senegalensis is a genus of seven species of trees in the mahogany family Meliaceae, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar. Mahogany in English, Aganwo in Yoruba, Madachi in Hausa and Ono in Igbo. All species become big trees 30–35 m tall, rarely 45 m, with a trunk over 1 m trunk diameter, often buttressed at the base. The leaves are pinnate, with 4-6 pairs of leaflets, the terminal leaflet absent; each leaflet is 10–15 cm long abruptly rounded toward the apex but often with an acuminate tip. Original Research Article Abubakar et al.; AJRIB, 3(3): 1-9, 2020; Article no.AJRIB.52704 2 Aim: The study aimed to determine the chronic toxicity on the histological effect of chronic oral administration of the aqueous stem bark of Khaya senegalensis extract on the liver and its biochemical parameters in Wistar rats. Methods: This project dissertation work is experimental research. A total of 20 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups each of which contains 4 rats...
This study was aimed at evaluate the effect of methanol leaf and fruit extracts of Kigelia africana on normal rats. The catalase, vitamin C, protein level, total cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein, Low Density Lipoprotein, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were determined. The experimental design comprises of twenty rats divided into four groups of five rats each. Group I served as a control while group II received 2.5mg/kg of glibenclamide, group III received 500mg/kg methanol leaf extract of Kigelia africana and group IV received 100mg/kg methanol fruit extract of Kigelia africana. The result showed a significant (p<0.05) difference in protein level and vitamin C concentration in groups III and IV when compared with group I and group II. For total cholesterol, ALT and MDA concentration, a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the treated groups (II, III and IV) was observed when compared to the normal (group I). Significant (p<0.05) increase was observed in LDL concentration in group II when compared to group I, III and IV. There was no significant (p<0.05) difference in HDL, AST and catalase for the different groups. The extracts showed significant reduction in, AST and lipid peroxidation (MDA), serum cholesterol as well as low density lipoprotein. The results obtained, suggest that methanol leaf and fruit extracts of K. africana could be meaningfully employed in maintaining and stabilizing normal metabolic state in normal organisms.
Journal of Toxicology, 2013
The subchronic effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Khaya senegalensis on some biochemical, haematological, and histopathological parameters of rats was investigated. The rats were divided into six groups of five rats per group. Groups I to VI were administered graded doses of 0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 mg/kg bw, respectively. The result of study revealed that administration of the Khaya senegalensis for twenty-eight days at the experimental dose resulted in significant ( < 0.05) increase in urea, electrolytes (Na + , K + ), and creatinine levels. The extract also significantly ( < 0.05) increased serum activity of ALT, AST, and ALP. The levels of protein, albumin, and bilirubin were significantly changed when compared to their control values, but they were not dose dependent. The hematological indices assayed in this study were not significantly affected at the experimental dose when compared to the control values. Histological studies of the liver showed cellular degeneration and necrosis and bile duct hyperplasia and fibrosis with lymphocytic infiltration of the hepatocyte, providing supportive evidence for discussing the biochemical findings, indicative of functional derangement. The histological architecture of the kidney and that of the heart were however preserved. The result of this study indicates that the aqueous stem bark extract of K. senegalensis may affect the cellular integrity of vital organs of the body.
Objective: To evaluate Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of fruit pulp of Cassia fistula (AFCF) against Carbon tetrachloride (CCL 4) induced liver damage in albino rats and compared to standard drug silymarin. Materials And Methods: Healthy albino rats of either sex weighing 150-200gm were divided into four groups of six animals each. Group A (Normal control)-3% gum acacia (2ml/kg/day) orally and olive oil s.c. Group B (Exp.Control)-3% gum acacia orally and CCL 4 and olive oil (1:1 v/v) s.c. Group C (Test)-AFCF (200mg/kg/day) orally and CCL 4 s.c. Group D (Standard)-Silymarin (100mg/kg/day) and CCL 4 s.c. Hepatic injury was induced to animals belonging to group B, C and D by giving CCL 4 & olive oil mixture s.c on 2nd and 3rd day of experiment. Standard and test drugs were administered for 5 days. Blood samples were collected on 6th day for determination of enzyme markers viz, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and total protein (TP). Histopathological examinations of liver tissues were also performed. Results: One way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test were used for statistical analysis. Values of p < 0.01 were considered significant. There was significant (p<0.01) increase in all serum marker enzymes and total bilirubin and significant (p<0.01) decrease in total protein in group B. The AFCF and Silymarin resulted in significant (p<0.01) reduction in serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, TB and increase in TP as compared to group B. Fatty changes, necrosis and fibrosis were observed in group B on histopathology, while in group C and D it was near normal. Conclusion: As revealed by the study aqueous extract of fruit pulp of Cassia fistula possesses significant hepatoprotective activity.
This work aimed at evaluating the in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects of the CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 3 OH (1:1v/v) stem bark extract of K. grandifoliola at doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg for 14 days of treatment using rats CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity model. The hepatoprotective effect of the plant extract was evaluated by assessing its activity on some biochemical makers of the liver alteration namely alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total protein in serum and oxidative stress parameters as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR) in liver. The liver injury was assessed by histological analysis. As results, the plant extract exhibited hepatoprotection activity as silymarine at the dose of 100mg/kg of body weight (bw). This observation was further confirmed histologically. This study shows that K. grandifoliola extract could be useful in the protection of the liver from toxin-induced damage.
Biostatistical Analysis on Medicinal Plant Toxicity
Iris Publishers LLC, 2019
Aim: The incidences of medicinal plant toxicity in the society are becoming serious in the society. There is the need for scientist to determine the toxicity profile of most is therefore very important. Terminalia Chebula is traditionally is found in natural colon cleansers and used in treatment of constipation, digestive disorders, irregular fevers, flatulence, ulcers, vomiting, colic, and hemorrhoids. In this study the effect of sub-acute administration of Terminalia Chebula on the brain, spleen, and stomach were evaluated. Method: Rats of either sex were selected. Group 1 received distilled water (10 ml/kg), while group 2, 3 and 4 received Terminalia Chebula 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg respectively. Animals were kept in standard cages and given access to the extract, water and food orally for 28 days, after which they were weighed and sacrificed. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture and taken immediately for hematological and chemo pathological analysis. The brain, spleen, and stomach were also harvested for histological study of the effect of the plant using haematotoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining technique. Result: There was Significant (P<0.05) decrease in RBC, HGB, MCV, while there was no change in the level of neutrophiles, basophiles, eosinophiles and platelets. The size of the brain, spleen and stomach were observed to be slightly significantly (p<0.05) increased in rats with dose level of 400 mg/kg, while there was no significant (p<0.05) change observed at the 200 and 800 mg/kg dose. Histopathological examination of the brain and stomach showed normal features at all doses. The spleen showed Slight lymphocyte hyperplasia at all doses and normal features at the control (10 ml/kg). Conclusion: result of the study suggests that care should be observed when taken this herb
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
Traditional medicine is the oldest form of health care in the world and is used in the prevention and treatment of physical and mental illnesses. Different societies historically developed various useful healing m combat a variety of mild and life diseases. Traditional Medicine known as complementary and alternative ethnic medicine, and it still plays a key role in many countries today (Haidan et al., Calotropis procera is a wild growing tropical plant which possesses various medicinal properties. C. Procera belongs to the family Asclepiacea (milkweed family) of the Genus Calotropis R. Br. (Calotropis). procera or Giant milkweed is also known as sodom apple, calotrope, French cotton, small crown flower (English), Tumfafiya (hausa), Epuko (Nupe), Common names; auricular tree, dead sea apple, swallow-wort, apple gian-milk weed, madar mudar, ruberbush, s ABSTRACTS The effects of phenol root extracts of C. procera and livolin on liver function indices of CCl induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated on forty (40) albino rats. The animals were grouped into four (I, II, III and IV) of 10 rats each, 120mg/kg of CCl II, III, and IV intramuscularly followed by oral administration of root extract of C. procera to group III and IV respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple comparisms test were used to compare the result of the liver and kidney biochemical parameters from the test and control group The hepatic biochemical markers Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Amino Transferases (AST), Alkaline Phosphatases (ALP) of the toxicant group (Gp II) were significantly higher (P<0.001), while group III (treated w (P<0.05) when compared with control (Gp I), this confirms the toxicity and treatment with livolin respectively. Oral administrations of the extracts at 10 days exposure lower all the liver function markers and increase indication of the hepatocurative effect of the extract against CCl 20 days exposure the activities of the liver markers were raised. The Histopathological photomicrograph showed moderate cytolysis and karyolysis.