An investigation into some crop residues generation from farming activities and inherent energy potentials in Kwara State, Nigeria (original) (raw)
Related papers
Present and prospective energy use potentials of selected agricultural wastes in Nigeria
Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2013
The present study reviews the potential energy applications of wastes derived from rice, cocoa, and oil palm to augment energy needs while helping to abate environmental pollution. It also highlights the potentials of animal dungs for energy production in Nigeria. The country currently produces about 2.7 Â 10 6 tons of rice annually, containing 0.540 Â 10 6 tons of rice husk and a similar quantity of straw, which can be used for energy production. About 6.22 Â 10 9 MJ of energy can be derived from the 266 000 tons (which could rise to 490 000 tons by 2015) of cocoa pods, which are currently produced and discarded annually. This could be utilized to generate process heat, either through thermal cycle or biochemical conversion. With respect to oil palm wastes, Nigeria generated about 0.344 Â 10 6 tonnes of empty fruit bunches, 0.246 Â 10 6 tonnes of palm shells, 0.633 Â 10 6 tonnes of palm oil mill effluent, and 0.382 Â 10 6 tonnes of mesocarp fibre in 2012, which are capable of producing substantial amounts of energy. Nigeria's livestock population is increasing at an annual rate of 3.2%, with current dung production of 407 Â 10 3 tons/day (cow), 28 Â 10 3 tons/day (pigs), 6.6 Â 10 3 tons/day (chicken broilers), etc., which is estimated to produce 6.8 Â 10 6 m 3 of biogas daily. Electricity derivable from this quantity of biogas can provide lighting for 2.4 Â 10 6 rural households in Nigeria.
The potential of energy recovery from by-products of small agricultural farms in Nigeria
Agronomy research , 2019
Agricultural by-products are renewable energy sources from which essential amount of energy can be recovered, which can be used to replace the use of conventional fossil fuel, reduces the potential of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and at the same time reduces deforestation, especially in rural areas. Energy values of biomass from small Agricultural farms, in particular waste generated from different tropical crops, viz; Maize, Millet, Rice, Sorghum and Groundnut were determined, to ascertain their potentials as alternative fuel sources for rural use. The materials were found to be of importance judging by their combustion potentials in all the forms investigated. The Energy values of the by-products considered ranged between 11.68 MJ kg-1 to 17.48 MJ kg-1 with Groundnut pods and millet husk having the highest and least respectively. Moisture and ash had effect on the energy values of these biomass. Our results are relevant to the problems posed by the management of farm residues in developing countries.
2021
Crop residues have a significant role to play in the quest to provide off-grid and mini-grid electricity for unelectrified rural agricultural communities in Ghana. The aim of the study was therefore to review available literature on current state of art of crop residues assessments and utilisation for thermochemical energy generation in Ghana. Overall, 20 relevant literature were identified. The study revealed that, the level of crop residue assessment is on theoretical and technical assessment, employing either field survey or statistical modelling methods. There was major difference between quantities of residues reported due to differences in methods, crop production figures, Residue-to-Product Ratio (RPR) and recoverability ratio. The Northern, Brong-Ahafo and Eastern regions have the highest potential in terms of total residues. The major crop residue types that were identified to be underutilised and therefore available for energy generation include, rice husk, cassava peels and oil palm residues. Fourteen biomass energy installations using thermochemical conversion technologies with total installed capacities of 10.7 MW were identified. These consist of six biomass powered cogeneration plant, three gasifiers, four biomass boilers and one hybrid solar biomass dryer. The major challenges identified for these installations were: unsustainable biomass supply, lack of tailor-made technology to suit locally available residues and inability of conversion technology to utilise all available residues. Further studies are required particularly on the determination of residue to product and recoverability ratios across communities and districts as well as economic and sustainable residue assessments.
Technical analysis of crop residue biomass energy in an agricultural region of Ghana
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2015
The aim of this study was to assess crop residue biomass potential for second generation biofuel production in the Lawra-Nandom district of Ghana. The methods used in this study included interviews, survey, field and laboratory experiments. The findings show that total annual crop residues production in the Lawra-Nandom district amounts to about 272,000 t. Among the major crops grown in the district, sorghum crop generates the largest quantity of residues, contributing 59% by weight of the total residues. Ethanol production potential could reach 40 million litres if 40% of the average residue generated between 2003 and 2012 were used for energy purposes. The net energy balance of the biofuel production process was 1718.7 MJ with a ratio of energy output to input being 1.31. Second generations biofuels are expensive compared to first generation and research efforts aimed at technology improvement and cost reduction must intensify in order to make the technology attractive to developing countries.
International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 2020
The present report deals with the evaluation of abundant agricultural residues in West Africa based on criteria. These criteria are essentially: the availability of the resource based on a statistical study extended over a period of ten (10) years, the rate of competitive uses of the resource, the critical rate of actual availability and the potential actually available. This study extends the field of knowledge on the physicochemical characteristics of agricultural biomass in countries where the economy is strongly dominated by agriculture. Maize residues come first, followed by cotton, sorghum, rice residues and lastly millet residues. Corn stalks and cobs followed by cotton and millet stems proved to be abundant in the balance of agricultural residues in Benin. This study shows that the biomass resource is more concentrated in the North (Alibori, Atacora, Borgou and Donga), a little less in the center and the South. Similarly, the energy potential of maize residues (stalks and co...
The Use of Agricultural Wastes as Renewable Energy Resources: A Review
OKEY Stephen Nnaemeka, 2023
The expansion of agricultural production has naturally resulted in increased quantities of livestock wastes, agricultural crop residues and agro-industrial by-products. A review on agricultural wastes such as palm oil and other wastes is desirable because of their contribution to environmental degradation and the need to convert them to value-added products such as renewable energy to mitigate their impacts. This paper seeks to review available renewable biomass resources which can enable developing countries including Nigeria to overcome her present energy challenges. The palm oil industry generates a large quantity of wastes which makes their disposal a challenging task. Apart from few isolated cases where palm kernel shell (PKS) and palm fruit fibre serve as source of fuel in cooking, they are usually dumped in the open field and water ponds which impact negatively on the environment. Renewable energy produced from agricultural wastes will add to the national grid in view of the exhausting nature of fossil fuel resources coupled with its challenges of environmental degradations.
Estimation of Electricity Production from Corn Residues: A Case Study of Nigeria
Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2020
Presently, Nigeria's energy security severely relies on costly imported fossil fuels. As a response to this constraint, the government is currently promoting research and development of renewable and sustainable energy. On a global scale, amidst global fossil fuel depletion situation and critical environmental pollution orchestrating from combustion of the fossil fuels, focus on renewable energy development is becoming unavoidable. Development of renewable energy is a desirable step towards minimizing the impact of fossil energy on the environment in the context of clean development mechanism. In this study, typical energy characteristics of biomass corn residues (cob, straw and stalk) were investigated in order to determine their suitability for power generation. Results indicated that the biofuel properties of the residues evidently presented the that they are suitable feedstock for power generation. In addition, the framework of the study also performs the estimation of bioenergy potential of the selected residues. It was found that with just 50% leftover availability factor (β LAF = 0.5), a significant amount of the national electricity demand can be met if the residues are utilized for rural electrification in the country.
The potential for energy production from crop residues in Zimbabwe
Biomass and Bioenergy, 2008
There is increasing interest in Zimbabwe in the use of renewable energy sources as a means of meeting the country's energy requirements. Biomass provides 47% of the gross energy consumption in Zimbabwe. Energy can be derived from various forms of biomass using various available conversion technologies. Crop residues constitute a large part of the biomass available from the country's agriculture-based economy. The potential for energy production of crop residues is examined using data such as estimates of the quantities of the residues and their energy content. The major crops considered are maize, sugarcane, cotton, soyabeans, groundnuts, wheat, sorghum, fruits and forestry plantations. Quantities of residues are estimated from crop yields by using conversion coefficients for the various crops. Long-term crop yields data from 1970 to 1999 were used. Total annual residue yields for crops, fruits and forestry plantations are 7.805 Mt, 378 kt and 3.05 Mt, respectively. The crops, fruits and forestry residues have energy potential of 81.5, 4.9 and 44.3 PJ per year, respectively. This represents about 44% of the gross energy consumption in Zimbabwe. The need to balance use of crop residues for both energy purposes and other purposes such as animal feeding and soil fertility improvement is also highlighted.
Bioenergy potential of agricultural and forest residues in Uganda
Biomass and Bioenergy, 2013
Residue-to-product ratio Primary residues Secondary residues Sustainability a b s t r a c t Biomass is the major source of energy in most developing countries. However, there are concerns about the sustainability of biomass supplies and the environmental impacts resulting from their use. Use of residues could contribute to ensuring sustainable supply of biomass energy. This study presents findings of an evaluation of the energy potential of agricultural and forest residues in Uganda using census data of the year 2008/2009. Annual productions of crop and forest residues were estimated using residue-to-product ratio (RPR) method. Energy potential of each residue class was then determined basing on their respective lower heating values. The biogas generation potential of each animal category was used to evaluate the energy potential of animal manure. Results showed that the total energy potential of the residues amount to 260 PJ y À1 , which is about 70% of gross biomass energy requirement of Uganda for the year 2008. Crop residues had the highest contribution of about 150 PJ y À1 , followed by animal residues with a potential of 65 PJ y À1 . Maize residue is the predominant crop residue with energy potential of 65 PJ y À1 followed by beans and banana, each at 16 PJ y À1 . This study indicates that agricultural and forest residues can be a major renewable energy source for Uganda. When sustainably utilised, biomass residues could contribute to reduction in environmental degradation in the country. ª b i o m a s s a n d b i o e n e r g y 5 6 ( 2 0 1 3 ) 5 1 5 e5 2 5 0961-9534/$ e see front matter ª
A Review on the Renewable Energy from Agricultural and Forest Residues in Nigeria
United International Journal for Research & Technology, 2021
Nigeria is blessed with abundant natural resources among them are residues from agricultural and forest sources. Since these residues are usually dumped in landfills as waste, constituting environmental and waste disposal problems, the need to utilise them is necessary in achieving the seventh and ninth targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. One of the avenues where agricultural and forest residues can be utilised is through biomass technology. Therefore, this paper assessed the potential conversion of these residues into useful and sustainable electricity generation in Nigeria. In addition, the paper gathers information from a pool of relevant reports on the current state of Nigeria’s power sector and the domestication of some small-scale biomass power plants across the country. In this review paper, it was found that Nigeria is one of the biggest economic power in Africa and has the potential to generate electricity and other bioenergy products from the present stock of biomass available in the country, thereby making the country self-sufficient in the provision of power supply and fuel production.