Evaluation of microbial fuel cells for electricity generation from oil-contaminated wastewater (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Microbial fuel cells is growing technology for energy production (electrical and gaseous) with potential electrochemically active bacteria from degradation of unwanted contaminants. Electrogenic [petroleum-contaminated soil (PCS) and hot spring water HSW)] and electrotrophic [activated sludge] bacterial communities were enriched and evaluated for electric current production in biocathode microbial fuel cells (MFC). Molecular phylogenetic (454 pyrosequencing) analysis of environmental samples revealed an overall change in bacterial density and diversity after second-stage enrichment. The predominant electrogenic bacteria grown at anodic biofilms belonged to phylum Proteobacteria (80-98%) in both MFC-1 (PCS) and MFC-2 (HSW) reactors. After enrichment, the major shift in the bacterial species on anodic surface was observed in case of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (89%) and shewanella sp. (15%) in the respective reactors. Overall, among electrotrophic bacteria, the relative abundance (27-30%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was maximum on the cathodic biofilm in both fuel cells. Scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopies of biofilms revealed that anode and cathode surfaces were covered with different microcolonies and dispersed bacterial cells. Cyclic voltammetry (− 1 to 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl) further confirmed the presence of highly proficient electrogenic bacteria capable of generating high electricity ranging from ≥ 8 mA in MFC-1 and ≤ 0.37-Y in MFC-2. Maximum power density of 5500 mW m −2 at a current density of 100 mA m −2 (550 Ω)] was recorded in MFC-1 during enrichment stage 2; however, it (P max = 1201 mW m 2) remained 78% lower in MFC-2. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and COD removal [86% (SD = 8.3 ± 2.0)] of anolyte (PCS) confirmed active degradation of petroleum contaminants during the operation of MFC-1.
Comprehensive Review on the Use of Food Industry Wastewater as Substrates in Microbial Fuel Cells
International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, 2021
Today, the world is facing climate change challenges with environmental protection being a top priority. Optimizing energy consumption due to its high cost and environment protection is a basic human demand. For industries, reduction in production costs is determinative to success. In this regard, Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a unique promising technology with wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation. The MFCs will help reduce energy consumption, curb the wastewater pollution, and standardize it for releasing into the environment. The food industry by producing high volumes of biomass with high organic pollution load are highly prone to use in MFCs as a substrate. Various food industry effluents have been tested, in real or synthetic form in the MFCs. Due to the improvements in the process and progress in novel configurations, better results have been increasingly obtained. Now, the MFC can be used in the industries individually or by integration with other technologies. In this review, the latest results from the use of food industry wastewater in MFCs along with effective process conditions are evaluated.
Microbial fuel cell constructed with micro-organisms isolated from industry effluent
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2011
Three types of aerobic bacteria such as Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated in terms of bioelectricity production using double chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) with graphite cloth as anode and cathode and Nafion membrane as proton exchange membrane (PEM). Performance of MFC was studied with addition of glucose. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments showed the presence of peaks at À92 and À163 mV vs Ag/AgCl for C. freundii and P. mirabilis indicating their electrochemical activity without an external mediator. Potential time experiments showed the potential of MFC solely depend on change in anode potential rather than cathode potential. The internal resistance of MFC containing B. subtilis was lower than C. freundii and P. mirabilis. Fuel cell performance was evaluated employing polarization curve and power output along with cell potentials. MFC containing B. subtilis with neutral red mediator showed current output of 112 mA m À2 at external resistance of 0.3 kU which is higher than the current outputs from MFC containing C. freundii and P. mirabilis. The relative efficiency of power generation observed in aerobic microenvironment may be attributed to the effective substrate oxidation and good biofilm growth observed on the anodic surface.
Environmental Health Engineering and Management
Background: The energy crisis is a growing problem around the world, requiring the creation of alternative energy sources that can generate less carbon dioxide and benefit the ecosystem. Reutilization of wastewater is becoming the emerging energy solution. Wastewater contains a large amount of organic matter that can be oxidized in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to produce electricity. MFCs use biodegradable materials to create energy in the presence of microorganisms. Methods: Purposive sampling technique was employed to collect samples from critical polluting sources. The samples were certainly maintained in a refrigerator at 4°C. Several mixes for sample were prepared and tested analytically- for physio-chemical and bacteriological characterizations of each substrate status at pre- and post-treatment stages. Electricity generating capacity of MFCs that employing different substrates was investigated experimentally using batch reactors. The cross-sectional methodology was employed to...
Potential of Microbial Fuel Cells for Energy Production
The study was aimed at evaluating the potentials of microbial fuel cells for energy production. The study was carried out within a period of six months. 500mls of domestic kitchen waste water was collected from various locations in Calabar Metropolis, into tightly corked plastic containers and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Microbial fuel cells was designed using plastic containers, graphite electrodes, salt bridge and domestic waste water. Microorganisms from the domestic waste water were identified using standard microbiological techniques. Results from the study showed that a higher mean voltage (1.58v) was recorded by stacked waste water microbial fuel cells (Stacked WWMFC) compared to unstacked waste water microbial fuel cells (WWMFC1 and WWMFC2) that had a mean voltage of 0.50 and 0.59v respectivelyafter 10 days. Microbial cells from the domestic waste water samples were identified as Shigella, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella, Bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis,Staphylococcus, and Escherichia coli. Among the identified isolates, Salmonella (NA3) had the highest (0.68v) voltage production compared to other isolates. The comparative analysis of voltage density among the fuel cells of both the mixed culture and axenic cultures showed that the stacked microbial fuel cells (stacked WWMFC) had the highest voltage density (0.072) compared to others. However, this study has shown that microbial fuel cells are evolving to become a simpler and more robust technology. Provided the biological understanding increases,the electrochemical technology advances and electrode price decreases, the technology could serve as anew core technology for conversion of waste to electricity in the future.
Fundamentals and Field Application of Microbial Fuel cells
Introduction of Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) technology has shown metabolic degradation of wide range organic substrates in wastewater and sludge. Intensified studies are geared towards elucidation behavior of bacteria in the process. This review presents the fundamentals of MFC technology and its application as power source for subsea and biomedical devices as well as biotreatment of wastewater. A wide variety of industrial, agro/agro allied and domestic wastewater as sources of organic and inorganic substrate is effectively converted to electricity with about 40-90% COD and BOD reduction, while achieving applicable power generation and Columbic efficiency. A good knowledge of the MFC is required for sustainable improvement of the MFC application.
Fabrication of Electricity from Wastewater by Utilizing Microbial Fuel Cells: A Review
Vandana Publications, 2020
Bioelectricity is the electric current produced by anaerobic ingestion of organic substrate by microorganism. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a appliance that transforms energy discharged outcome of oxidation of complicated natural carbon sources that area unit used as substrates by microorganisms to provide voltage thus demonstrating to be associate proficient ways that of viable energy production. The electrons released because of the microbial breakdown is seized to keep up ruthless potential density while not an efficient carbon discharge within system. Usage of microorganisms toward bioremediation is similar to the consequence as of the generation of electricity creates the MFC technology a very beneficial plan which could be smeared in varied segment of industries and agricultural wastes. Although the influences of MFCs in generation of electricity was initially low, modern development within the style elements and dealing has increased ability yield to a major step thus permit application of MFCs in varied sectors as well as waste material ministrations and biodepollution. The accompanying review gives a top-level view concerning the parts, operating, alteration and purpose of MFC technology for numerous analysis and industrial application.
The global energy demand increases the difficulty in sustained supply and the associated problems of pollution and global warming are acting as a major impetus for research into alternative renewable energy technologies. It is well known that microorganisms can produce fuels such as ethanol, methane and hydrogen from organic matter. More recently, it has been reported that microorganisms can also convert organic matter into electricity using microbial fuel cell (MFC). MFC is a hybrid bio-electrochemical system, which converts the ...
International Journal for Scientific Research and Development, 2015
Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology is an efficient technology which has a practical aspect of conversion of chemical energy in organic compounds directly to electrical energy through degradative activities of microorganisms. MFCs can be used in wastewater treatment plants with simultaneous generation of electricity. A lot of research has already been done and different types of MFCs have been constructed which have varied applications in addition to electricity generation. This article presents a short review on MFCs stating its working, types and applications with broader view on wastewater treatment.