Distribution of heavy metals in soils from abandoned dump sites in Kumasi, Ghana (original) (raw)
Related papers
2016
In the daunting development of heavy metals emanating from different sectors into our environment, this paper intends to look at heavy metals concentration at dumpsites and the potential effects on the environment in the Accra Metropolitan Area. Using global positioning systems to geo-reference the sampling stations, sampled leachates were collected from both Sarbah dumpsite and Abokobi dumpsite to analyze and determine the concentration levels of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni). Heavy metals contaminations were calculated using Enrichment factor (EF) and contamination factor (CF). Findings indicated that Abokobi dumpsite generates low levels of heavy metals while the other heavy metals concentration recorded from Sarbah dumpsite exceeds the EPA-Ghana limit, with the exception of mercury and cadmium.
Journal of Health and Pollution
Background. Environmental contamination with heavy metals and metalloids due to industrial, smelting and mining activities have become common in large and growing cities. Kumasi is one of the most industrialized cities in Ghana and experiences metal pollution due to recent and past activities. Although metals are naturally abundant in the area, their accumulation in soils could potentially lead to adverse effects on local ecosystems. Objectives. The aims of this study were to determine the distribution, enrichment, geoaccumulation and sources of metals in Kumasi soils and to estimate the contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) of these metals in soils. Methods. Concentrations of eight heavy metals and a metalloid were determined in 112 soil samples randomly collected from 31 sampling sites in the area. In addition, 5 soil samples were collected from a pristine site (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Botanical Gardens) for data comparison, to determine the local background values for metal concentrations and to evaluate the extent of metal pollution in the study area. Results. Heavy metals such as zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) were enriched in 65, 32, 58 and 93% of the sampling sites, respectively, and geo-accumulation indexes for Cr, Zn, Cd, mercury (Hg) and Pb showed moderate to extreme contamination in 100, 97, 77, 65 and 45% of the sampling sites, respectively. Principal component and cluster analyses revealed that industrial activities including mining were the major sources of metals in Kumasi soils with high metal input in the community of Suame. Distribution maps revealed hotspots of Cd, nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and Pb in Suame. The highest CFs for Cu, Cd, Ni, As, Co and Pb highlighted anthropogenic inputs in Suame, while Hg was highest in Mbrom, Zn in Suntreso, and Cr in Aboabo. Conclusions. The PLI of metals revealed Suame as the most polluted study site, while Anomangye and Bomso were the least polluted.
The effect of e-waste recycling activities on soil quality was assessed for four e-waste sites in Ghana. Samples of top- and sub-soil were collected from dismantling and burning sections and prevalence and distribution of selected metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The concentrations of the metals analysed were above the background concentrations except Cd, which was detected at the same level as the background levels. Levels of Cu and Pb increased with increasing soil depth. Levels of Cd, Zn, As, and Ni decreased with increasing soil depth. Hg levels showed no recognizable trend in its distribution relative to soil depth. The pollution indices evaluated revealed deterioration of the soil quality at the e-waste sites. Geo-accumulation indices suggest that the soil is very highly polluted with Pb, highly polluted with Cu, and moderately polluted with As, Hg, Cd, and Zn. The enrichment factor values indicate that soil from the studied sites was very highly en...
FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
Total concentration and pollution indices of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co) in dumpsite soil located in University of Cross River State, Calabar were evaluated in this work. Soil samples were collected at 0 - 15cm depth from two sampling stations at the dumpsite once in the months of April, August and December, 2021 and analyzed to the closest mg/kg using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentrations of the heavy metals showed that Cd>Pb>Ni>Cr>As>Co. All the concentrations of the heavy metals examined when compared with those of average value of heavy metals in shale showed that all the metals were lower than their corresponding world average value except Cd. Geoaccumulation index indicated unpolluted to moderately polluted for all metals studied except Cd which indicated strong to very strongly polluted. Contamination factor for Cd indicated very high contamination. Contamination degree...
The study was aimed at determining the status of heavy metal pollution of soil around open landfill of Shashemane city and its potential impact on environment and local community. Accordingly, forty (among which four were control samples) soil samples and one leachate sample were collect following two meter circular diameter. The collected soil sample were allowed to dry under normal temperature within soil sample preparation room of Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural resources. The analysis for heavy metal was conducted at Hawassa University chemistry laboratory using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The result indicated that the concentration of manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (CO), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) were 0.88, 0.08, 0.06, 0.29, 0.08, and 0.08 respectively within study area. This level of concentration were varying across soil sampling depth, among sampling point. It were also varying between control, leachate and soil samples. Based on their contamination factors, the heavy metals were order as Cd > Cr > CO > Pb > Mn > Ni. Accordingly, the area was highly strongly polluted by cadmium and chromium while less uncontaminated by nickel. The result of modified degree of contamination and degree of contamination also show that the area considerably polluted and deteriorated in terms of its quality. Hence, this open landfill should be closed from other use in future and immediate remedial action have to be undertaken in order to minimize future pollution problems.
This study assessed some contamination indices of trace elements in the soil within and around two dumpsites in Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria. This was with a view to assessing the degree of soil contamination. Thirty samples were collected from the two dumpsites, dried, disaggregated and sieved to <75um fraction for analysis of trace elements using aqua-regia digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The soil generally showed background to minimum enrichment with arsenic, chromium, molybdenum and background to very high enrichment with cadmium, zinc, lead, Copper and nickel. Scandium, vanadium and strontium were only present in the active dumpsite with minimum enrichment while Lanthanum was present only in the abandoned dumpsite with background enrichment. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values for arsenic, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, lanthanum and arsenic, strontium, vanadium for active and abandoned dumpsites respectively were within background concentration. Chromium, scandium, molybdenum, nickel for active site and copper for the abandoned site fell in the class of moderate pollution. Cadmium, lead and zinc ranged between moderate pollution to strong pollution for the abandoned site while copper, cadmium, lead and i zinc fell within strong to extreme pollution for the active site. The grade of ecological risk indices (E) for r Chromium and Zn indicated low risk and low to moderate risk respectively for both dumpsites. Soil from the active dumpsite showed that arsenic fell within considerable risk, copper (moderate risk), lead and cadmium (very high risk). Soil from the abandoned dumpsite showed low to very high risk with copper, considerable to very high risk with arsenic, moderate to very high risk with lead and very high risk with cadmium. The potential ecological risk (RI) for the abandoned and the active dumpsites ranged between 43.86 to 1567.2 and 133.7 to 732.4 which indicated low to very high risk and very high risk respectively. The results of contamination degrees ranged between low and very high degree of contamination for both dumpsites. ABSTRACT 351
Municipal Waste Dumpsite: Impact on soil properties and heavy metal concentrations, Sunyani, Ghana
Scientific African, 2020
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Journal of Chemistry
Contamination of the environmental receptors with heavy metals due to mining is a major topical environmental issue in Ghana. This research investigates the possible ecological and human health risks of heavy metal impacts due to mining in the Amansie West District in Ghana. A total of 18 soil samples were taken from the Bontesso illegal mining site in the district and analyzed for the levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). From principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and correlation coefficient analysis, the metals are derived from multiple sources, with substantial levels of correlations. Using geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cd), pollution load index (PLI), ecological risk index (Er), and noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, respectively, the impacts of As (12.2 mg/kg) and Cd (1.3 mg/kg) are above the WHO stipulated limit. Findings for p...
Environmental Health and Toxicology, 2016
Objectives This study examined the spatial distribution and the extent of soil contamination by heavy metals resulting from primitive, unconventional informal electronic waste recycling in the Agbogbloshie e-waste processing site (AEPS) in Ghana. Methods A total of 132 samples were collected at 100 m intervals, with a handheld global position system used in taking the location data of the soil sample points. Observing all procedural and quality assurance measures, the samples were analyzed for barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), using X-ray fluorescence. Using environmental risk indices of contamination factor and degree of contamination (Cdeg), we analyzed the individual contribution of each heavy metal contamination and the overall Cdeg. We further used geostatistical techniques of spatial autocorrelation and variability to examine spatial distribution and extent of heavy metal contamination. Results Results from soil analysis showed that heavy metal concentrations were significantly higher than the Canadian Environmental Protection Agency and Dutch environmental standards. In an increasing order, Pb > Cd > Hg > Cu > Zn > Cr > Co > Ba > Ni contributed significantly to the overall Cdeg. Contamination was highest in the main working areas of burning and dismantling sites, indicating the influence of recycling activities. Geostatistical analysis also revealed that heavy metal contamination spreads beyond the main working areas to residential, recreational, farming, and commercial areas. Conclusions Our results show that the studied heavy metals are ubiquitous within AEPS and the significantly high concentration of these metals reflect the contamination factor and Cdeg, indicating soil contamination in AEPS with the nine heavy metals studied.
International Journal of Engineering Research and, 2018
In Ivory Coast, the majority of uncontrolled dumpsites are open-air. The aim of this work is to study the lateral and vertical distribution of heavy metals or metalloids in soils surrounding the open dumpsite of M'Ploussoue Park in Bonoua, which has a wet tropical climate and located at upper topographical position. The physical and chemical parameters, such as the particle size, pH, exchangeable cations, CEC and contents of heavy metals, were studied using various analytical techniques. The vertical and lateral distribution of heavy metals or metalloids in soil samples collected from the M'Ploussoue dumpsite in Bonoua were found to be in the following order: Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd > As > Cu > Se, regardless of the topographical position of the soil profile. Ours results indicate that there are high levels of heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni) that exceed the CCME permissible limits in agricultural and industrial soils in both the top soil layers and in s...