Biotechnology in Agriculture- Bio- Decomposers, Compost, Kitchen Garden (original) (raw)

Recycling of Agricultural Waste by Implementation of Biotechnology

2021

The improper management of waste agricultural biomass is becoming an alarming problem as rotten waste agricultural biomass emits methane and leachate, and open burning by the farmers to clear the lands generates CO2 and other local pollutants, which are contributing to climate change, water and soil contamination, and local air pollution. To circumvent these problems considerable efforts are being made by many governments as well as other entities especially to manage waste agricultural biomass and to convert it into a material resource. Largely accessible organic wastes can be turned into valuable compost product for raising crops organically on one hand, and get them disposed off safely at the other end. There is a lack of awareness that diverting most of the waste for material and energy recovery would possess the capacity to reduce the costs for waste disposal and would also generate revenue from the sale of the recovered materials and energy.Biotechnology is the field that play...

A review of vegetable waste bio-processing techniques in rural areas

OICC, 2024

Purpose: Vegetable waste (VW) could cause environmental problems if not properly managed. Due to rural living conditions and a relatively low residence density, VW is usually disposed of in landfills. Waste management should be engineered in a way to process the waste into value-added products in a sustainable manner. This review evaluates four bioprocessing techniques for this purpose: anaerobic digestion (AD), vermicomposting (VC), black soldier fly composting (BSFC), and composting. Method: A systematic search involved databases from Scopus using keywords like “vegetable waste; anaerobic digestion; composting; vermicomposting; black soldier fly”. By reviewing and synthesizing 173 articles (with 162 from 2019−2023), this paper summarizes and illustrates the information collected. Results: In a systematic search, AD and composting easily surpassed 2000 publications (from 2013 to January 2023). Besides composting emerged as a cost-effective (for MYR 1.40/kg) bio-processing technique in terms of production cost. This review on VW composting is based on an acceptable C/N ratio (30−50), moisture content (50% −80%), ratio of VW to additives (typically 30:70), efficient additives, and inoculation strategy. This review also summarizes the maturity index and illustrates the usage of compost and leachate as fertilizer. Conclusion: VW composting in rural areas is reliable and beneficial because it uses a small-scale reactor and has the potential for a circular economy in the community.

Agricultural Bio-Waste Management in the Bhadrawathi Taluk of Karnataka State, India

A survey was carried out in the rural areas of Bhadravathi Taluk during 2006-07 to determine the extent of agricultural bio-waste generation/utilization technologies and also the status of vermitechnology practiced. Data was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire/ interview. A total of 1.11 MT of agricultural bio-waste was generated during that period. Most of the farmers in the study area practiced conventional bio-waste management, but were aware of vermitechnology.

Use of Waste Decomposer: A Study of the Organic Farming and Enhancing the Farmers’ Income Level

Dristikon: A Multidisciplinary Journal

This paper proposes that farmers use waste decomposers to enhance the fertility power of soil. The use of waste decomposers enhances the soil and it increases the farmer’s income doubly. This product makes the land fertile and promotes organic farming but it is not a fertilizer, just an enhancer. Organic farming has not been broadly promoted in Nepal though most people demand organic products. Organic product means organic food which enhances the human mind. Still, the farmers are using chemical fertilizers in their farms for commercial purposes, but the productive capacity of the soil has declined. The overuse of chemical fertilizers has deteriorated not only the soil health but also the human health. Slowly and gradually, the area of barren land is increasing because of chemical aggression. The main purpose of the study is to protect human health and soil health. This waste decomposer solution decomposes the wastes into organic fertilizers shortly as well as it makes the seeds bac...

Composting: A Sustainable Route for Processing of Biodegradable Waste in India

2020

Surging populations, coupled with the ever-increasing demand for sustenance, have led to the generation of behemoth proportions of wastes throughout the globe. The processing of such a considerable amount of waste has raised concerns for environmental planners, policymakers, and researchers in regard to maintaining sustainability. Biodegradable waste is a part of the total waste stream. Consideration should be given to the importance of making better use of biodegradable waste. The technology that is adopted for the management of biodegradable waste should be ecologically sustainable and cost-effective, as well as beneficial to social well-being. The most efficient way of managing biodegradable waste must include different methods for the optimal utilisation of such waste, ranging from the small scale (single household) to the very large scale (entire city). Amid all the other waste processing technologies, composting stands out as a most potent option because of its ability to main...

Role of Decomposers in Agricultural Waste Management

Biomass [Working Title], 2020

In this chapter, agricultural waste residue management by bio-organisms is discussed along with different types of decomposition processes. Tons of agricultural wastes are produced every year. These agricultural wastes create major environmental problems without effective means of management methods. There are many technologies being used for the decomposition, which mainly include anaerobic decomposition, compositing, fermentation, etc. All these decomposition processes depend upon the different soil-inhabiting microbes. These microbes are the key components of agri-residue decomposition process. Every step of decomposition requires different microbes. Various sets of catalytical enzymes are involved for the catabolic procedures of organic matter. By successive catabolic reactions, all the organic matters are mineralized into soil essential constituents, which will be the most effective sources of macro- and micronutrients for the soil fertility. Working efficiency of these microbe...

IRJET- Conversion of Municipal Organic Waste into Agricultural Product

IRJET, 2021

In India, Kolhapur is one of the most advanced districts of Maharashtra state. Rapid development in city is causing increase in MSW generation of city resulting into degradation of environment. Kolhapur city has 11 vegetable and fruit markets and the waste generation of the city is around 200 TPD. Around 60-65% of waste is organic waste from the total generated municipal solid waste. This organic waste fraction has tendency to decompose which leads to odor problems and other problems like GHG emissions. Due to mixing of vegetable market waste with MSW and directly dumping it on landfill sites, it is causing scarcity of land and increasing GHG emissions. So this experiment of composting on vegetable market waste i.e. organic waste was carried out, in order to reduce the organic fraction at source itself, in Kolhapur city. The composting was carried out in plastic tray type bin. The vegetable market waste was collected from the four markets in the vicinity of city Centre. Water was sprinkled to maintain the moisture and the waste was turned frequently to keep aerobic conditions. Bio-culture was added as a seeding material to composting. The composting process required total 50 days to form the compost. Then the final product was analyzed for physical and chemical properties of compost. The results have shown that the compost has sufficient amount of nutrients and can be used as fertilizer. Only C/N ratio was less than required, which can be increased by adding the external carbon sources into compost. As composting requires less space, it was suggested that each vegetable market of Kolhapur city shall set up a small composting plant within the market or in a nearby area, in order to minimize the problem of waste disposal to a great extent.

Aerobic composting of fruits and vegetable wastes from Madiwala market, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology

Composting is one of the cheap and best methods for the disposal of organic waste and its conversion into valuable products. Composting is a spontaneous, biological decomposition process of organic materials in a predominantly aerobic environment. Composting is one of the important and economical methods of the manipulation of a biological process, decomposition; raw organic materials such as manure, leaves, grass clippings, food wastes, and municipal bio solids are converted to stable soil-like humic substances. Composting is an ancient technology undertaken on a variety of levels, from home to industrial which involves a number of microbes. Composting have several benefits, it improves manure handling, possible saleable product, improves land application, minimum risk of different pollution problems, perfect soil conditioner. Composting is a process in which biological breakdown of organic waste under different controlled conditions takes place. The objective of this paper is to study the performance of the aerobic composting of vegetable and fruit wastes in different proportions which may prove to control the environmental pollution and the end product will be useful to the peoples.