IRJET- Conversion of Municipal Organic Waste into Agricultural Product (original) (raw)
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IJERT-Study of Composting for Municipal Organic Waste A Review
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2020
https://www.ijert.org/study-of-composting-for-municipal-organic-waste-a-review https://www.ijert.org/research/study-of-composting-for-municipal-organic-waste-a-review-IJERTV9IS110060.pdf Escalating population erratic urbanization and vigorously changing income leads to the modified lifestyle of people in developing countries like India. That massively affects the solid waste generation which includes the organic and inorganic waste of different types that are dumped directly to the outskirts of the city or in landfill sites that simultaneously challenging the ecological balance by producing greenhouse gases. Over the last few years, the immanent campaign SWACHH BHARAT MISSION commenced by the government helps to strengthen solid waste management (SWM) and new technologies. Composting is one of the prominent methods to decompose organic waste to make waste to wealth in an economic way. This study gives an overview of the composting method which is affected by various parameter such as aeration rate , appropriate temperature(40-70 °C), moisture content (50-60%), pH(5.5-8) , carbon and nitrogen ratio(C/N). This paper is aimed to review the composting method and its byproduct compost as the best suitable soil conditioner.
Study of Composting for Municipal Organic Waste A Review
International journal of engineering research and technology, 2020
Escalating population erratic urbanization and vigorously changing income leads to the modified lifestyle of people in developing countries like India. That massively affects the solid waste generation which includes the organic and inorganic waste of different types that are dumped directly to the outskirts of the city or in landfill sites that simultaneously challenging the ecological balance by producing greenhouse gases. Over the last few years, the immanent campaign SWACHH BHARAT MISSION commenced by the government helps to strengthen solid waste management (SWM) and new technologies. Composting is one of the prominent methods to decompose organic waste to make waste to wealth in an economic way. This study gives an overview of the composting method which is affected by various parameter such as aeration rate , appropriate temperature(40-70 °C), moisture content (50-60%), pH(5.5-8) , carbon and nitrogen ratio(C/N). This paper is aimed to review the composting method and its byproduct compost as the best suitable soil conditioner.
International Journal of Environmental Science and Development
Abstract-Guwahati city, gateway to NorthEast India, is undergoing rapid urbanization due to which it experiences lack of landfill for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal. The city generates 626 tons of waste daily including vegetable market waste that is dumped directly in the landfill without treatment. This generates not only greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and pollution but also leads to scarcity of land. In an attempt to reduce the volume of the waste at the source, at least the organic fraction, an experiment of composting has been carried out in the Assam down town University campus, Guwahati. The process of composting is done on a wooden pit by collecting the vegetable market waste from the nearby area of the University. The composting is made aerobic by inserting a perforated pipe through the pit. The composting process took several weeks to complete and another two to three weeks for curing of the manure. Test results of the manure revealed that it can be used in agricultural field for soil amendment. Since pit composting requires very less space, the findings of this experiment suggest that if each vegetable market of the city sets up a small composting plant within the market or in a nearby area the problem of waste disposal can be minimized to a great extent.
Composting : A Green Technique to Prevent Environmental Pollution
2021
In order to fulfill the increasing demands of the teaming millions for food security, the reckless use of synthetic fertilizers and frequent burning of agricultural wastes (stubble) has also increased. The repercussions of these anthropogenic activities are pollution of soil, water and air, which has simultaneously culminated into health issues. Although, agriculture alone contributes to 17–18% of Indian GDP but also, generates 350 million tonnes of waste every year. Crop waste (stubble) burning releases several noxious gases (CO2, CH4, NO and SO2) and particulate matter that pollute the environment. Composting of agriculture waste and organic farming are eco-friendly, feasible, cost-effective, economical, green-techniques which ensures better yields and sustainable agriculture without harming the humans, livestock and the environment. This review discourages the use of chemical fertilizers and stubble burning and encourages composting of food and agriculture and agro-industrial was...
Composting: A Sustainable Route for Processing of Biodegradable Waste in India
2020
Surging populations, coupled with the ever-increasing demand for sustenance, have led to the generation of behemoth proportions of wastes throughout the globe. The processing of such a considerable amount of waste has raised concerns for environmental planners, policymakers, and researchers in regard to maintaining sustainability. Biodegradable waste is a part of the total waste stream. Consideration should be given to the importance of making better use of biodegradable waste. The technology that is adopted for the management of biodegradable waste should be ecologically sustainable and cost-effective, as well as beneficial to social well-being. The most efficient way of managing biodegradable waste must include different methods for the optimal utilisation of such waste, ranging from the small scale (single household) to the very large scale (entire city). Amid all the other waste processing technologies, composting stands out as a most potent option because of its ability to main...
Accelerated composting technique for municipal solid wastes recycling in India
Rapid urbanization, industrialization and agricultural intensification are accompanied with generation of huge amounts of rural and urban wastes. The estimated annual production of agricultural byproducts/wastes of field crops, fruits and vegetable crops waste are 679, 83.34 and 173 Mt respectively out of which surplus available for processing are estimated at 233, 41.67 and 86.50 Mt. Annually, most of the metropolitan cities of India are generating about 64.8 million tonnes of city refuse during the year 2010 with a potential of 9.1 million tonnes of compost per annum. Present study have been carried out to evolve efficient ways to ensure improvement in available nutrient status of composts through microbial enriched compost. The objective of the study was to accelerate the decomposition process, improvement of nutritional quality and minimize the heavy metals in end product. To evolve efficient ways cellulolytic organisms viz. Aspergillus heteromorphus, Aspergillus terrus, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizomucor pusillus along with mineral nitrogen was used to accelerate the process of decomposition and its maturity indices and the manurial value was compared with existing farmers practices. Results showed that the microbial enriched compost proved better to produce higher quality manure, shorten the usual period of composting from 6 months to 2.5 months.
The study was aimed to compost of various substrates such as Theshpesia leaf litter, banana waste, Ipomoea, kitchen waste, paper waste and household waste. The various physical chemical parameters were monitored during the process of composting are temperature, moisture content, pH, carbon nitrogen ratio and the nutrient content of N, P and K. After laboratory experiment this composting program extended at village level in and around Puducherry region. The people cooperated when approached and showed interest in sustainable way of solid waste management.
In Northeast India due to the traditional method of cultivation and extensive shifting cultivation the soil is gradually losing its nutrient status and crops are starving due to lack of balanced nutrients. To avoid further deterioration, soil fertilizers are applied to the soil. Whereas to control diseases and pests infestation in the cultivated crops chemical pesticides are used. But excess of both these chemicals have brought lot of problems to the environment and human being of the region. To maintain soil fertility as well as quality, it requires applying compost prepared from any technique which also further enhanced the production sustainability. In this paper the author tries to emphasize such possibilities towards flourishing agriculture in Northeastern part of India. Key words: Compost, Land degradation, Land Sustainability and Production.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING AND ITS ASSESSMENT FOR REUSE IN PLANT PRODUCTION
A pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility of composting of source separated organic matter of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in low, middle and high income areas of Karachi city with a population over 14 million. Results of MSW analysis indicate the presence of high percentage of biodegradable organic matter (71-74%), acceptable moisture content (40-50%) and C/N ratio (38-40:1). On windrow composting, not only the volume of waste was reduced but also produced a crumbly earthy smelling soil-like, compost material. All quality parameters in the compost samples were found to be within the acceptable limits set by international standard. The pH ranged between 6.8-8.1, soluble salts 3.90-5.10 mS/cm, organic matter 45-60% and have an acceptable amount of plant nutrients (Nitrogen 0.91-1.35%, Phosphorus 0.42-0.85%, Potassium 1.00-1.80%). The compost quality could further be improved by adding cow manure, poultry manure or yard waste etc. Its use in plant production or land reclamation may be helpful to maintain soil fertility and improve moisture holding capacity. MSW composting could be adapted country wide to recycle/reuse the organic residues as solid waste management option.
Reducing the Environmental Pollution by Waste Composting
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal
The need for processing solid urban and agro-industrial wastes is in agreement with the demands of the society sustainable development. The paper presents aspects regarding some of the chemical and physical aspects of the composting process. Effective utilization of waste materials biodegraded by composting assumes added significance. The optimum composting conditions, for a mixture based on wood residues and domestic waste are: 40 0 C starting temperature, for a C/N ratio of 30 and a humidity value of 60%. Nutrient supplements with carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus sources by mixing two or more feedstock (starch, soybean, rice, urea etc.) made in order to establish a desired ratio of carbon to nitrogen, and perhaps carbon to phosphorus, to control odor generation, and to achieve market requirements for product stability could be also take into consideration.