Reverse logistics network for municipal solid waste management: The inclusion of waste pickers as a Brazilian legal requirement (original) (raw)
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2018 International Conference on Production and Operations Management Society (POMS), 2018
In 2010, the legislation regarding the Brazilian Policy of Solid Waste (BPSW) was introduced in Brazil. It is the legal framework for solid waste management that differentiates what is recyclable and from what is not. The BPSW features innovations such as Reverse Logistics (RL) which determines that manufacturers, importers, distributors and retailers must perform the collection of used packaging and products like batteries, light bulbs, electronics, etc. The aim of this paper is to propose a framework that helps indicating which would be, among the National Collective and Clearing House models used in European countries, the most suitable scheme for reverse logistics of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) according to the Brazilian reality. For this purpose, the paper analyses the existing literature and various relevant practices used in Europe. Moreover, data regarding the Brazilian environmental legislation and the characteristics of each state were used to evaluate the possible use of the European reverse logistics models. The framework helps to define the Brazilian case in three stages and suggests that the most suitable model for Brazil is the National Collective. This decision is urgent since it has been proposed that many European countries should also implement this model instead of the currently employed. Finally, a structured framework is proposed, facilitating the decision-making process to be carried out by various stakeholders such as the Brazilian Federal Government, municipal authorities, industries, recyclers and service providers. In this way, the WEEE management and logistics organization would be easier in the Brazilian territory.
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The increase in population and consequent increase in consumption of products has generated a significant increase in problems arising from solid waste. In order to deal with this problem, society has created laws and instruments. The objective of this article is to describe and analyze the current solid waste collection chain in the municipality of Barretos-SP, in order to identify measures to improve the process aimed at the circular economy, thus proposing the project contract. The work is qualitative in nature, by applied purpose, descriptive depth, as the source of documentary and field data, and quasi-experiment design. From a questionnaire and bibliographic research, it was possible to identify that, although there is no regular selective collection, the collection chain is being structured. In view of the facts, the improvement project was prepared as a suggestion to operationalize the process of the selective collection and reverse logistics chain in the city, aiming at the concept of circular economy and population awareness through environmental education.
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This work analyzes the recycling process of the PET bottle in a company located in Campos dos Goytacazes, - a northern city in the state of Rio de Janeiro, from the concept of reverse logistics. It was sought, through qualitative research with the company to know the process of recycling the PET bottle and its understanding as a contribution to the environmental issue. Visits were made to the company for a period of one month, alternating times during work hours, observing since the arrival of the material collected in the streets until the end of the recycling process, together with the visits carried out was applied a questionnaire with the company's employees in order to measure their understanding of the recycling process. It was developed the process flowchart and the mapping, aiming to allow not only to know the sequence of the process developed, but also to analyze it in terms of strengths and weaknesses. After data collection, it was verified that, with regard to the production process, the employees performed their tasks empirically, knowing only the stage of the process by which they were responsible, and they and the company had no formal procedure to demonstrate the sequential steps involved in the recycling process.
International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 2018
Despite the significant representativeness of the civil construction sector in the economy, construction and demolition waste (CDW) management is still a challenge in most Brazilian municipalities. In this context, the main objective of this work is to evaluate the potential application of reverse logistics (RL) principles in CDW management in the civil construction sector in the Brazilian city of Curitiba and to propose a conceptual model to help in the CDW management. In the first stage of the research, civil construction sector professionals pondered relevant criteria to make up the RL system by application of the Delphi method questionnaire and by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). In the second stage, a conceptual model was developed, highlighting the potential of applying RL precepts among agents in the civil construction sector production chain in Curitiba. The model proposed assists in understanding the flow of materials in the RL system and each service provider's responsibilities in carrying out construction related activities, including CDW management, in addition to compliance with legislation and minimisation of environmental impacts.
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Despite the advances in the implementation of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), waste pickers’ organizations (WPOs) continue to face structural problems that challenge their viability. Facing the challenges, cooperative networks (CNs) emerged as an alternative to expand their role in the recycling chain. This research aims to identify the challenges and perspectives of the actions of waste pickers’ networks in the recycling chain and discuss how this new organizational arrangement can contribute to the expected advances of the PNRS. The methodological procedures included the selection of 3 case studies on CNs, interviews, documental and content analysis. The results show the importance of public policies and the breadth of the partnerships to the consolidation of the CNs analyzed. Thus, an adaptation of the PNRS to the new dynamics of the recycling market, considering the multiple benefits of CN, can contribute to overcome the structural problems faced by WPOs.
Developing urban waste management in Brazil with waste picker organizations
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In Brazil's large cities, more than half a million people survive by collecting and selling solid waste. Most face very poor working conditions and have very low incomes as the intermediaries to whom they sell pay low prices. Their activities are even considered illegal in some nations. But the waste pickers save city governments money, contribute to cleaner cities and reduce the volume of waste that has to be dumped (by up to 20 per cent). After describing the waste pickers and the city and national associations they have created, this paper describes the recycling industry and gives some examples of better methods of recycling. These include waste picker cooperatives that can sell the materials they collect direct to industries and that have partnerships with city governments who provide access to wastes, better prices and facilities to improve working conditions (including transferring the recycling from dumps to recycling centres).
Shared responsibility and reverse logistics systems for e-waste in Brazil
Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management, 2014
The National Policy for Solid Waste (NPSW), passed in 2010, established a system of shared responsibility for waste management in Brazil, including Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). This law requires the collection and disposal of technological waste through the implementation of Reverse Logistics Systems (RLS). In this study we discuss the main challenges and prospects in implementing WEEE reverse logistics in Brazil. The research was conducted through document analysis and interviews with different players, who are participants in the process of establishing a sector agreement. The findings suggest that the shared responsibility model proposed by the NPSW is not comprehensive enough to deal with the complexity of the Brazilian WEEE reverse chain. Based on this research we were able to propose a broader model covering the interrelationships among all the agents that interfere directly, indirectly, locally and abroad with the implementation of reverse logistics chain practices for electrical and electronic consumer goods in Brazil.
Municipal Solid Waste Management from the Experience of São Leopoldo/Brazil and Zurich/Switzerland
Sustainability, 2018
The challenge of developing country governments in municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is complex, often ineffective, and does not meet the required technical sustainability, which involves environmental, social, and financial aspects. The purpose of this research is to analyze two distinct waste management systems, in São Leopoldo (Brazil) and in Zurich (Switzerland), to develop a tool called “waste stream mapping” and also to compare the cities systems. The results show positively that the two municipalities have selective waste collection, however in São Leopoldo it was found that less volume was reinserted in the production chain, which considerably increases the volume of waste sent to sanitary landfill, which is the main method of disposal in Brazil. On the other hand, the Zurich management model is more expensive, especially compared to incineration, but its billing and power trading system ends up involving more of the population and paying for the operations, as Zurich ...
Reverse logistics: methodological framework for industrial waste management
IJCSIS Vol 17 No. 8 August Issue, 2019
En fonction de la consommation élevée dans le monde, la quantité de déchets augmente, alors que les sources naturelles diminuent. Et pour surmonter cette problématique, la récupération des déchets s'est avérée très importante tant sur le plan environnemental que sur le plan économique, elle est devenue obligatoire dans la plupart des pays. Par ailleurs, la logistique inverse qui concerne principalement les retours des produits usagés des consommateurs aux producteurs est une étape importante dans la construction d'un système de récupération. Cependant, la structure du réseau de la logistique inverse joue un rôle important dans le choix du traitement et par la suite du coût total du système de récupération. Notre objectif principal est de développer une structure comprenant les flux entre les points connexes et les emplacements des installations. Dans cet article, nous proposant une architecture du système dédié à la gestion des déchets. Cette dernière améliore, d'une part, la rapidité d'échange d'informations et fera ressortir de gros bénéfices pour l'optimisation et l'amélioration continue des processus fondamentaux de la logistique inverse. D'autre part, elle va permettre aux futurs chercheurs de mieux cerner la thématique et de se donner plus de chances de faire de réelles avancées d'une part. Cette vision ayant pour motif la réduction des coûts et des délais, la limitation des dysfonctionnements internes et avant tout la préservation de l'environnement et l'accroissement de la satisfaction des clients. Abstract-Nowadays, natural resources are decreasing due to the high consumption of the world population of several items. Those items are characterized by a short commercial lifespan and generates a huge amount of waste. To overcome this problem, waste recovery has proved to be very important both environmentally and economically and has become mandatory in most countries. On the other hand, the reverse logistics, which mainly concerns the return of used products from consumers to producers, is an important step in the construction of a recovery system. However, the structure of the reverse logistics network plays an important role in the choice of treatment and subsequently the total cost of the recovery system. Our main objective is to develop a structure that includes flows between related points and facility locations. In this article, we propose a system architecture dedicated to waste management. This architecture improves, on the one hand, the speed of exchange of information and will show great benefits for the optimization and continuous improvement of the fundamental processes of the reverse logistics. On the other hand, it will allow future researchers to better understand the topic and give themselves more chances of making real progress. Moreover, this vision is based on the reduction of costs and deadlines, the limitation of internal dysfunctions and above all the preservation of the environment and the increase of satisfaction.
Case Study of Municipal Waste and Its Reliance on Reverse Logistics in European Countries
Sustainability
The authors have examined municipal waste, its components and their integration with reverse logistics processes. Background: The theoretical part begins with a definition of municipal waste. Later, the integration between municipal waste and reverse logistics is provided, including presentation of the hierarchy of qualitative methods and models. Methods: The authors constructed a correlation matrix and applied a dynamic regression model to identify that the level of municipal waste impacts recycling of biowaste which demands reverse logistics. Results: The authors provided a dynamic regression model which could be applied for forecasting the size of recycled municipal waste into biowaste indicated in European Union countries. Conclusions: The variety of components in municipal waste prevents the increase of the recycling rates and has to be changed to ones that have higher recycling rates.