Calcium, phosphorus, zinc and their ratios in serum of fattening swine fed different diets in respect to zinc (original) (raw)
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Bioavailability of two sources of zinc in weanling pigs
Animal Research, 2002
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Effect of zinc supplementation on serum biochemicals in grower pig
Zinc (Zn) has a wide spectrum of biological activities, and its deficiency has been related to various dysfunctions and alterations of normal cell metabolism. To compare the effect of a higher dose of Zn supplementation on serum biochemicals of grower pigs (four months of age) that may serve as general indicators of optimum physiological functions, an experiment was conducted with one treatment group supplemented with higher dose ofZn(500ppm)andanothermadedeficientbysupplementingcalciumcarbonate(CaCO 3)at1.5%ofdrymatter of diet, for a period of four months, and was compared to the control supplemented with 100 ppm Zn. Serum Zn decreased significantly in a deficient group (pB0.01), and the animals developed clinical symptoms of parakeratosis. Total serum protein and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration revealed a significantly (pB0.01) increasing trend in Zn-supplemented (500 ppm) animals from day 45 of treatment, whereas a significantly (pB0.01) decreasing trend was observed in deficient pigs. Serum albumin level was not affected by different supplemental level of Zn or induced Zn deficiency. An apparent increasing trend of glucose and cholesterol level was recorded in supplemented groups. However, itdecreased significantly (pB0.01)in deficient pigs. Thehigher serum concentration of Zn, total serum protein, glucose, cholesterol andHb, resulting from 500 ppm of Znsupplementationingrowerpigs,mighthelpinmaintainingabetterphysiologicalstatusthroughpromotionof well-organisedvitalfunctionsofproteins,ensuringasufficientenergysourcefordifferentphysiologicalprocesses, and just source for synthesis of steroid hormones and optimal functioning of membrane receptors.
Effect of Zinc Source on Hematological, Metabolic Parameters and Mineral Balance in Lambs
Biological trace element research, 2015
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different sources of zinc (Zn) on blood metabolites and balances of some minerals in lambs. In the first part, 20 6-7-month-old lambs were randomly allotted to four treatments including (1) basal diet containing 22.47 mg Zn/kg DM without supplementary Zn (control), (2) basal diet + 40 mg Zn/kg DM as ZnSO4 (ZnSO4 40), (3) basal diet + 20 mg Zn/kg DM as Zn-proteinate (Zn-Pro 20), and (4) basal diet + 40 mg Zn/kg DM as Zn-proteinate (Zn-Pro 40). Blood samples were taken on days 0, 28, and 65 before morning feeding. In the second part, four lambs from each treatment were randomly transferred to metabolic cages to evaluate the effects of different sources of Zn on N, Zn, Fe, and Cu retentions. This trial consisted of 18 days, with the first 12 days as the adaptation period followed by 6 days of sample collection. The results of this study showed that the source of Zinc had no significant effect on the analyzed parameters. Average dail...
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2004
Thirty-six pigs, weaned at 28 days of age at an average body weight of 9.3 kg were used in a 19-day experiment to assess the bioavailability of Zn. A Zn-methionine complex with a molar methionine to Zn ratio of 2:1 was compared to Zn sulphate using a basal diet based on maize and soya bean meal supplemented with or without microbial phytase. Six experimental diets were formulated: the basal diet containing 32 mg Zn/kg, the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg Zn/kg from either sulphate (ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O) or the organic source (ZnOrg), and the same three previous diets supplemented with 1200 units (U) of microbial phytase per kilogram. The replacement of ZnSO 4 by the organic source did not modify Zn retention, the concentration of Zn in bone and plasma or plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity. The addition of microbial phytase considerably improved Zn bioavailability. Considering plasma AP activity, plasma Zn concentration, bone Zn concentration and Zn retention, the effect of adding 1200 U phytase/kg in the basal diet largely exceeded the effect of adding 20 mg Zn/kg. When phytase was added to the basal diet, these indicators of Zn status increased by 198, 269, 111 and 189%, respectively. Dietary phytase and Zn also modified the utilisation of Ca, P, Mg, Fe and Cu by piglets.
Effect of zinc supplementation on certain serum biochemical parameters in growing pigs
International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research 2024; SP-8(8): 589-592, 2024
Twenty-four healthy and uniform crossbred (Hampshire × Assam Local) pigs, 4 months of age, were selected to study the effect of 500 ppm Zn supplementation on certain serum biochemical parameters for a period of four months. The animals were divided into three groups (n=8/group): group C (basal diet), group T1 (basal diet + 100 ppm Zn + calcium carbonate @ 1.5% DM) and group T2 (basal diet + 500 ppm Zn). Serum samples were collected at 15-day intervals and analysed for serum Zn, copper, total serum protein, albumin, globulin, and glucose cholesterol. The serum Zn concentration in the T1 group decreased significantly (p<0.01) from day 30 until day 120 of treatment, whereas in the T2 group, the level increased significantly (p<0.01) from day 15 onwards. The serum copper concentration did not change groups. The total protein concentration in the serum showed a significant (p<0.01) increasing trend in the T2 group from day 45 of treatment, and a significant (p<0.01) decreasing trend was observed in the T1 group compared to the C group. The serum globulin concentration decreased significantly (p< 0.05) in the T1 group compared with the C and T2 groups during the treatment period. An increasing trend in glucose and cholesterol levels was recorded at T2 during the treatment period. However, decrease, (p<0.01) in glucose and cholesterol levels was recorded in the T1 group from day 30 to day 120 of treatment. The haemoglobin concentration showed a significant (p<0.01) decreasing trend in the T1 group from day 45 onwards.
World Rabbit Science
Zinc supplementation in rabbit diet favours deposition of this mineral in meat and, therefore, contributes to satisfying the daily requirements of Zn in humans that consume it. A trial was conducted to study the effect of two sources (ZnSO4 and Zn-methionate) and two concentrations of Zn, along with a control (without Zn supplementation), on weight gain, meat quality and muscle retention in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits during fattening stage. Treatments were randomly assigned to 100 NZW rabbits 40 days old, in a completely randomised experimental design using a factorial arrangement of treatments (2×2+control). The experimental period was 30 d. In each experimental treatment, weight gain, feed consumption and meat quality were recorded, as well as the retention of Zn in serum, liver, loin and hind leg. Results showed no differences (P>0.05) in weight gain and food consumption, which can be attributed to diet-added Zn sources (ZnSO4 and Zn-methionate). Food conversion was bette...
Biological Trace Element Research, 2006
Forty weaned male guinea pigs of 208.20±6.62 g mean body weight were divided into 4 groups of 10 animals in a randomized block design. All of the guinea pigs were fed a basal diet [25% ground maize hay, 30% ground maize grain, 22% ground chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), 9.5% deoiled rice bran, 6% soybean meal, 6% fish meal, 1.45% mineral supplement (without Zn) and 0.05% ascorbic acid] and available green fodder. Group I served as the control (no Zn supplementation), whereas 20 ppm Zn was added in the diet in groups II, III, and IV either as zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), zinc amino acid complex (ZAAC), and ZnSO4+ ZAAC in equal parts, respectively. Experimental feeding lasted for 70 d, including a 3-d digestibility trial. Blood was collected through cardiac puncture from four animals in each group at d 0 and subsequently at the end of experimental feeding. After 40 d of experimental feeding, four animals from each group were injected with 0.4 mL of Brucella abortus cotton strain-19 vaccine to assess the humoral immune response of the animals. After 10 wk of study, four animals from each group were sacrificed to study the concentration of Zn, Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn in the liver, pancreas and spleen. Results revealed no significant difference in the feed intake, body weight gain, and digestibility of the nutrients, except for crude protein (CP) digestibility, which was significantly (p<0.05) lower in group IV. Although concentrations of serum glucose, Ca, and P and the albumin:globulin (A:G) ratio were similar in the different groups, the total protein, albumin, and serum alkaline phosphatase activity were higher in all of the Zn-supplemented groups on d 70. The serum Zn levels at the end of experimental feeding were significantly higher in groups II and III, whereas serum Mn levels were found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in groups III and IV. The organ weights (as percentage of body weights) did not show any differences among the treatment groups. Although the Mn concentration was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the pancreas, the Cu concentration was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the spleen in all of the Zn-supplemented groups. The humoral immune response (antibody titer values) on d 14 of vaccination was significantly (p<0.05) higher in all of the Zn-supplemented groups. It was concluded that the 20-ppm level of Zn in the diet might be adequate for growth and nutrient utilization in guinea pigs, but supplementation of 20-ppm zinc significantly improved the immune response and impact was more prominent with the ZAAC (organic source) compared to ZnSO4 (inorganic source).
Journal of Animal Science, 2003
This study was conducted to determine the effect of zinc level and source on growth performance, tissue Zn concentrations, intracellular distribution of Zn, and immune response in weanling pigs. Ninety-six 3-wk-old crossbred weanling pigs (BW = 6.45 ± 0.17 kg) were assigned to one of six dietary treatments (four pigs per pen, four replicates per treatment) based on weight and litter origin. Treatments consisted of the following: 1) a corn-soybean meal-whey diet (1.2% lysine) with a basal level of 80 ppm of supplemental Zn from ZnSO 4 (control; contained 104 ppm total Zn); 2) control + 80 ppm added Zn from ZnSO 4 ; 3) control + 80 ppm added Zn from Zn methionine (ZnMet); 4) control + 80 ppm added Zn from Zn lysine (ZnLys); 5) control + 40 ppm added Zn from ZnMet and 40 ppm added Zn from ZnLys (ZnML); and 6) control + 160 ppm added Zn from ZnSO 4. Zinc supplementation of the control diet had no effect on ADG or ADFI. Gain efficiency was less (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 80 ppm of Zn from ZnSO 4 than for control pigs and pigs fed 160 ppm of Zn from ZnSO 4. Organ weights, Zn concentration, and intracellular distribution of Zn in the liver, pancreas, and spleen were not affected (P = 0.12) by Zn level or source. Skin thickness response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA)
Journal of Animal Science, 2003
This study was conducted to determine the effect of zinc level and source on growth performance, tissue Zn concentrations, intracellular distribution of Zn, and immune response in weanling pigs. Ninety-six 3-wk-old crossbred weanling pigs (BW = 6.45 ± 0.17 kg) were assigned to one of six dietary treatments (four pigs per pen, four replicates per treatment) based on weight and litter origin. Treatments consisted of the following: 1) a corn-soybean meal-whey diet (1.2% lysine) with a basal level of 80 ppm of supplemental Zn from ZnSO 4 (control; contained 104 ppm total Zn); 2) control + 80 ppm added Zn from ZnSO 4 ; 3) control + 80 ppm added Zn from Zn methionine (ZnMet); 4) control + 80 ppm added Zn from Zn lysine (ZnLys); 5) control + 40 ppm added Zn from ZnMet and 40 ppm added Zn from ZnLys (ZnML); and 6) control + 160 ppm added Zn from ZnSO 4. Zinc supplementation of the control diet had no effect on ADG or ADFI. Gain efficiency was less (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 80 ppm of Zn from ZnSO 4 than for control pigs and pigs fed 160 ppm of Zn from ZnSO 4. Organ weights, Zn concentration, and intracellular distribution of Zn in the liver, pancreas, and spleen were not affected (P = 0.12) by Zn level or source. Skin thickness response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA)
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2013
High doses of Zn are widely used for prevention and treatment of diarrhoea in weaning piglets; however, the mechanism of action of Zn against diarrhoea is still not well understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether weaning induces Zn deficiency in piglets. Eight litters of primiparous sows were selected for the experiment, and 3 piglets presenting similar weights were selected within each litter. Two of the three selected piglets from each litter were weaned at 21d of age and fed two different diets: a commercial control diet (WCt) and the same diet plus 2000 ppm of Zn as ZnO (WZn). The third selected pig from each litter was kept unweaned (Uw) with the sow and the rest of the litter. All 24 selected animals were killed at 28 d of age, and blood, gastrointestinal content, liver, pancreas and spleen were sampled for Zn, Fe and Cu analysis (mg/kg or L of sample). Data were analysed using ANOVA including treatment as a fixed factor. Weaned pigs fed WCt diet presented a lower Zn concentration in plasma than Uw animals (0.76 AE 0.091 vs. 1.10 AE 0.099 mg/L, p = 0.05). Zinc levels in liver, pancreas and spleen were not affected by weaning. Total concentration of Zn was higher in gastrointestinal contents of weaned animals fed WCt diet than in Uw pigs (p 0.001 for stomach, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon). Supplementation with high doses of ZnO increased levels of Zn in gastrointestinal content (p < 0.001), liver (p < 0.001) and pancreas (p < 0.001) compared to WCt diet. It also increased plasma Zn to non-deficient levels (1.32 AE 0.086), but the increase was not as marked as in other locations and final concentration was not different than that in Uw animals (p = 0.231). Weaning creates a Zn deficiency situation in weaned pigs as observed by plasma Zn concentrations. ZnO supplementation counteracts Zn deficiency.