Traumatic and trauma-related amputations: Part II: Upper extremity and future directions (original) (raw)
Related papers
Current Concepts in Upper-Extremity Amputation
The Journal of Hand Surgery, 2018
Advances in motor vehicle safety, trauma care, combat body armor, and cancer treatment have enhanced the life expectancy and functional expectations of patients with upper-extremity amputations. Upper-extremity surgeons have multiple surgical options to optimize the potential of emerging prosthetic technologies for this diverse patient group. Targeted muscle reinnervation is an evolving technique that improves control of myoelectric prostheses and can prevent or treat symptomatic neuromas. This review addresses current strategies for the care of patients with amputations proximal to the wrist with an emphasis on recent advancements in surgical techniques and prostheses.
HAND, 2014
Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) was initially designed to provide cortical control of upper limb prostheses through a series of novel nerve transfers. Early experience has suggested that TMR may also inhibit symptomatic neuroma formation. We present the first report of TMR performed at the time of a traumatic shoulder disarticulation. The procedure was done to prevent painful neuroma pain and allow for myoelecteric prosthetic use in the future. Eight months post-operatively, the patient demonstrates multiple successful nerve transfers and exhibits no evidence of neuroma pain on clinical exam. Using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), the patient demonstrates minimal pain interference or pain behavior. Targeted muscle reinnervation may be considered in the acute trauma setting to prevent neuroma pain and to prepare patients for myoelectric prostheses in the future.
Severe complex injuries to the upper extremity: Revascularization and replantation
The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1991
Twenty-nine patients with an incomplete (26) or a complete (3) amputation of the upper extremity proximal to the wrist with revascularization or replantation were reviewed. Limb survival rates were very high (93%) despite the severity of the injuries. All patients regained some useful hand function, with 76% attaining a group I or group II (Chen criteria) functional result. Bone shortening osteotomies are a helpful way to reduce the soft tissue defect size. In contrast to earlier studies, clear correlations between the level of injury, degree of nerve lesion, bone pathology, and the number of major nerves involved, and the functional outcome achieved were not found. There was a weak correlation between the type of wound and the functional recovery ultimately obtained. (J HAND SURC 1991;16A:574-84.)
Since the first successful salvage of an amputated finger using microsurgical anastomoses in 1965, replan-tation has been widely used in these decades and is now firmly established as a viable treatment option in traumatic limb amputation. The current concepts of replantation surgery for upper limb amputation are discussed in this review article in terms of history of replantation, present indications for the procedure, pre-theater care, technical refinements, postoperative management and functional outcome. In this article , we demonstrated that the advent of microsurgery has led to replantation of almost every amputated part of the upper limb possible. Replantation of digits and the hand can restore not only circulation but also function and cosmetic appearance. However, major amputations remain a challenge and the functional outcome is often disappointing, albeit the success rate of replantation exceeds 80%. Proper patient selection, adequate pre-theater preservation, good operative skill and postoperative care, as well as tight cooperation among the patient, the surgeon, and the rehabilitation therapist will help to achieve a better final functional outcome.
World Journal of Emergency Surgery, 2015
Introduction: An amputation of the upper extremity and the following replantation is still one of the most challenging operations in the field of reconstructive surgery, especially in extremely severe cases of combined mutilating macroamputations including avulsion and multilevel injuries. Specialists agree that macroamputations with sharp wound edges are an absolute indication for replantation. However, there is no agreement in disastrous cases including avulsion and multilevel injuries. The outcome of the operation is depending on several factors, including the type of accident, age and pre-existing disease of the patient, as well as time of ischemia and appropriate physical therapy. Methods: Between January 1 st 2003 and December 31 st 2011 six patients underwent a macroreplantation with disastrous combined and complex injuries of the upper extremity in our department. We performed a follow up and evaluated the functional outcome of the upper extremity function using the DASH questionnaire (average follow up of 3.1 years). Results: The mean time of ischemia was 04:50 h (02:46 h-06:17 h). The mean time for the operation was 05:30 h (01:55 h-08:20 h). The mean operations needed per patient were 7 (2-16). The average hospital stay was 29d (16-59d).
Plastic and Aesthetic Research, 2022
Restoration of upper extremity function poses a unique surgical challenge. With considerations ranging from ensuring appropriate skeletal support and musculotendinous and ligamentous anatomy, restoring adequate vascularity and innervation, and providing sufficient soft tissue coverage, upper extremity injuries present a diverse range of reconstructive problems. Recent history has been marked by an expansion of novel techniques for addressing these complex issues. Sophisticated modalities, such as targeted muscle reinnervation, free functional muscle transfer, and vascularized composite allotransplantation, have become some of the most powerful tools in the armamentarium of the reconstructive surgeon. This review article aims to define the distinguishing features of each of these modalities and reviews some of their unique advantages and limitations.
Cirugía y Cirujanos, 2019
Introduction: There are just a few reports that deal with long-term outcomes of a partial amputation surgical repair. Long-term studies have reported similar rates of disability among patients with amputations and those that have been undergoing reconstructive surgery. Objective: The purpose of this report is describing a clinical case of a patient with partial traumatic amputation of an upper limb with an excellent functional recovery after 13 years of follow-up. Clinical case: The case of an 8 year old male patient with severe trauma to the upper left limb is described. The lesions included an oblique diaphyseal open fracture of the distal region of the humerus, along with detachment of the biceps and triceps muscles. The fracture was fixed transiently with 2.0 mm Kirschner's wire followed by immobilization with Sarmiento's brace, and finally, open reduction and internal fixation with a 3.5 mm dynamic compression plate were performed. The muscular and neurovascular integrity allowed microsurgical repair of the radial nerve and neuromuscular rehabilitation. Conclusion: This clinical report represents a case with an excellent functional recovery witnessed through a 13-year follow-up period.
Upper limb prostheses for amputations above elbow: A review
2009
In this article, it will be described the state of the art of upper limb prosthesis and several types of them. The prosthesis evolution had allowed people who lost an extremity to win back their normal life and live it with fewer limitations. Designing a myoelectric prosthetic arm that interacts with the amputee requires the integration of countless disciplines. Traditional commercial prosthesis has at least three degrees of freedom: open and close the hook, bend and straighten the elbow and rotate the wrist; but the human arm has 22 degrees of freedom. Thus, it is important to realize that the prosthetics have a long way to go. Furthermore, the higher the amputation level, the greater the demands on the fitting technique. Each prosthesis has different characteristics, advantages and drawbacks. Finally, four different kind of prosthesis will be presented: the Boston Elbow, the Utah Arm, the Kuiken's Prosthesis within DARPA's Project and the prosthesis under development in our laboratory.