Phytosociological Study Of Herb Species At Two Reclaimed Sites Of Sukinda Chromite Mining Region Of Odisha, India (original) (raw)
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Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture & Health Sciences, 2016
Two overburden dump sites were selected for vegetation study out of which one site was reclaimed one year back and other site 18 year back. Tree species were planted at these sites with mostly regular distribution. Herbaceous vegetation development on these sites were analysed along with tree layer to find out their development in term of extent of presence and distribution. The initial pattern of herb species distribution is contagious. In subsequent years of development of vegetation, the herb species found to follow random distribution. Development of tree canopy and increase in shade on ground floor may be one of the dominant factors for the herb species to develop random distribution characteristics along the course of succession. The species richness is similar at both the sites which indicate contribution by local surrounding gene pool of the natural ecosystem of Sukinda valley.
Study Of Flora And Soil Quality Of Selected Chromite Mining OB Dumps In Sukinda, Odisha, India
2020
The nature plays a very significant role in the maintenance of ecological order of the ecosystem. The forests, occupy unique position because of its renewable nature. Forests also preside protection to other resources and crops. The species diversity in a plant community increases with the decrease in anthropogenic disturbances. As a result of mining and coal combustion significant areas of land are degraded and acting ecosystems are replayed by undesirable waste materials in the form of dumps, tailing dams and ash dams. The dumping of mine tailings and other rejected materials (referred to as overburden, OB) generated from opencast metal mines is considered as a major contributor to the ecological and environnemental degradation. Plant communities are often subjected to disturbances and these conditions may facilitate coexistence and maintain high diversity. To understand the influence of disturbances on vegetation, their spatial and temporal dimension, frequency of occurrence and magnitude has to be considered. Relatively more biological rich area was observed where the disturbance is low. The Indian Bureau of mines (2000) has recommended ecorestoration of dump as a part of natural succession process and it should be started with sowing of seeds of legumes, grasses, herbs and shrubs in the inter-spacing of tree plantation.
Assessment of herbaceous biomass: A study in Rowghat mining areas of Chhattisgarh, India
Journal of Applied and Natural Science
We studied Rowghat sites of Chhattisgarh, India, with the objective to assess herbaceous layer composition, biomass and to prepare management implications for conservation of ecologically sensitive species in mined areas. Ten sites (Anjrel, Khodgaon, Khadkagaon, Takrel, Rav Dongri, Tarhur, Godenmar Dongri, Parmad Dongri, Bhusujkun Dongri and Bedhiyar Nala) were selected for the study. We randomly placed quadrats of 1x1 m size in each site. A sum of 36 species distributed in 15 families were encountered in Rowghat mining site. The total density of all herbs was highest (724000) in Bhusujkun Dongri followed by Khadkagaon (678000), Rav Dongri (662000) and lowest was recorded from Godenmar Dongri (502000). The density of herbs across the study area ranged from 9,000 (D. ciliaris) to 2,50,000 (S. viridis) in the areas of Tarhur and Bediyar Nala. The herb species were unevenly distributed across mined areas. The Chlorophytum tuberosum and Cassia tora were recorded only from Tarkel and God...
Phytosociology and Floristic composition of mining area of Lodna Coal Mines of Jharia, Jharkhand
Mining is a process which leads to significant adverse impact on the environment. It causes massive damage to earth crust, soil profile and biodiversity of the area. Native vegetation get disturbed and the habitats become impoverished due to mining, presenting a very rigorous condition for plant growth. Vegetation is an important part of the environment and is subjected to disturbance in areas close to coal mines. This results in a slowing of the rate of biomass growth, which is caused by fading of vegetation. Simultaneously, carbon stored in vegetation is constantly released, weakening vegetation ability to act as a carbon sink. In the present investigation the floristic composition and Phytosociology of vegetation in the five distinct sites of degraded land areas of Lodna coal mines, Jharia (Jharkhand) was studied. The results revealed that the mining severely alter the ecology of coalfield and it is vividly express in vegetation pattern as well as phytosociology. Dichanthium annulatum was the dominating species in control area i.e. station 5 having very high important value index 42.2. Because of this reason the vegetation type is described as Dichanthium complex. Another herb having important value index of 40.3 was Heteropogan controrus showed its remarkable presence in control area. These two herbs were conspicuously absent at mining area. There was the most notable change in vegetation pattern. Cynodon dactylon was the most significant species found in almost all coal mine area studied having high important value index. Eragrostis plumbosa and Tridex procumbens were also evenly distributed in all five stations, however, the earlier genus was better represented than the later. Demodius triflorum and Imperata cylindrical was also uniformly present in all stations. Plants with almost uniform presence exhibit tolerance of these species and capacity of ecological resilience. Presence of Echinochloa colonum and Cyperus rotundus, although in small number at control station but its complete absence in coal mine area proves its comparatively susceptible nature. It is another noteworthy change in herb diversity because of coal mining. So far as the shrubs are concerned, one species, Leonotis neptifolia was found to possess unique adaptability as the species showed impressive presence with very high important value index in all stations and in all seasons. This means that the plant is having some remarkable adaptability in coal mines and it opens a new possibility of research at molecular level. Lantana camara was also uniformly present in all stations. Eupatorium odoratum was having appreciable presence in control. Although present in coal mines also, their important value index was low. This shows that this shrub is struggling for its survival. Croton sparciflorus was also having high important value index at control area but much less value at coal mines suggesting its vulnerability to changed ecology. Xanthium strumarium was also uniform in their presence.
Aim: The main aim of the study was to study the vegetation structure and species diversity of coal mine generated waste land, located in Raniganj coal field area, West Bengal. Methodology: The survey of vegetation was conducted at both study sites by using standard quadrat method. Study of different phytosociological attribute and species diversity analysis was done using standard methods. Statistical analysis was performed to represent the importance of different phytosociological attributes. Result: Distribution pattern in both wasteland indicate contagious or clumped type. Butea monosperma and Streblus asper was the most dominant tree species in the two study area respectively whereas, Cynodon dactylon was the most dominant herb species in the study areas. The diversity of herbs was much higher than the others layer of vegetation in both waste lands. Concentration of dominance or Simpson Dominance Index also exhibits variation among the vegetation layers. The Jaccard's Index of similarity for tree, herb shrub and climber vegetation was 57.14%, 71.11%, 50% and 33.33% respectively between the two waste lands. Hierarchical cluster analysis highlights 13 and 7 primary cluster in the two study area respectively based on their phytosociological attributes. Principle component analysis reveals 97.57% and 92% variance for the first two principle components in the study areas respectively. Conclusion: The present investigation can be concluded that the data of vegetation analysis might be utilized as baseline information and tool to predict the best and effective reclamation procedure of these coal mined areas.
Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management), 2014
The focus of monitoring was the plant purposely cultivated because after re-vegetation, there were a very few of other plants growing naturally on reclimed coal mining area which were recorded, whereas these plants had important values. The research aimed to record all plants and to identify predominant plants over the reclaimed land of PT 2 Adaro Indonesia. There were four sampling locations with 13 squares of 50 × 20 m on each location established and 2 on each square there were 5 plots of 2 × 2 m plotse made. Both plant species and its individual number of woodyplant saplings were recorded on each square, so in each plot, there were small species and its individual number of either woody-plant seedlings or non-woody plants (herbs/shrubs, grasses, ferns). The relative density and the relative frequency of woody or non-woody plants were summed to obtain the important value index (IVI) of each successional stage. There were 107 plant species consisting of 32, 43, 27, and 5 species of saplings, seedlings/herbs/shrubs, grasses, and ferns respectively. From those species, 16 species of woody plants and 2 species of herbs were planted purposely,other species grew naturally and even some of them were dominants. Either the number of plants or the dominating plant is varied according to the sampling location and the growing stage.
Coal is the primary source of energy and its ever increasing demand is behind the ever-increasing mining activity in areas with coal deposits. Presently about 70% of coal mining is being done by open cast methods. Needless to mention, the open cast mining method is most destructive activity and it severely damages the ecosystem. Reclamation of degraded land is therefore necessary after any mining activity. Restoration of degraded land is however complex job and it require an ideal balance of ecological approach as well as socio-economic demand. Out of various points of concern, selection of plant species is a major consideration and it must be done keeping both points in mind. A survey of reclamation work done by some coal companies has revealed that mostly tree species where tested without taking into consideration the condition of land. As expected the project met with limited success and the whole reduces to a number game. On the other hand there are several less demanding and economically important plants, which has so far attracted little attention. The present study is aimed at screening two under exploited but suitable plant species Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (Winged bean) and Simmondsia chinensis (Jojoba) both ecologically as well as socio-economically for restoration of degraded land. Growth performance of this plants species was studied on various mine spoil and control soil condition, P1(100% soil), P2(75% forest top soil and 25% mine spoil), P3 (50% forest top soil and 50% mine spoil), P4(25% forest top soil and 75% mine spoil )and P5 condition represent 100% mine spoil. Results obtain during the present study clearly indicated that P. tetragonolobus and S. chinensis can be a promising crop plants to be used for restoration of coalfield area. Plants grown on mine spoils exhibit a marked decrease in height, length of leaf, area of leaf, no. of pod per plant, seeds per pod etc. but it was improved when control soil was mixed with mine spoil.
Post-mined land rehabilitation in India: Cataloguing plant species used in land revegetation
2011
A comprehensive search of primary (journal) literature pertaining to post-mined land rehabilitation in India identified 57 studies from 1995 to 2011. From this collection, hierarchical classification criteria were used to systematically group like-studies from which 37 of those papers provided sufficient data to enable a robust qualitative assessment of the species used for revegetation in the post-mine environment. Using this information of plant species studied in the context of land rehabilitation, the putative environmental outcomes and impacts of these revegetation activities were analysed. Four species (Karanj, Pongamia sp.; Shisham, Dalbergia sp.; Shirish, Albizia sp.; and, Neem, Azadirachta sp.) emerged as having the highest frequency of reporting in the context of having an array of shared and relevant agro-and socio-economically relevant properties as well as being referenced with respect to environmental outcomes. Taking into consideration the notion that land rehabilitation success should be an amalgamation of numerous ecological factors, it is considered that these characteristics could be indicative of these four tree species being of the potentially greatest value to rehabilitating agro-ecosystem function within the context of Indian postmined landscapes.
Tropical Ecology, 2011
Composition of herbaceous and woody vegetation, which developed as a result of natural succession on mine spoil dumps of different ages in an open cast coal field in Orissa, India, was analyzed. Species richness and diversity showed increasing trends for non-grass species with increasing age of spoil. The results indicated greater contribution of grass species during initial stages of vegetation development. Four native woody forest species were recorded in addition to five planted and one weed species, namely Lantana camara. Increasing Importance Value Index (IVI) of this weed with the age of the mine spoil reflects its invasiveness and is considered to be the reason for the poor performance of most of the planted woody species.
Ecological restoration of mined-out areas of dry tropical environment, India
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2008
The objective of the present study was to evince the long-term changes after natural revegetation and experimental revegetation of the coal mine spoils with respect to total plant biomass, available plant nutrients, nitrogen transformation and microbial biomass N (MBN) in dry tropical environment of India. Total plant biomass (above- and below-ground), plant available nitrogen, soil nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass N (MBN) were studied for 2 years in 5 and 10 years old naturally vegetated and revegetated coal mine spoils, and dry tropical forest ecosystem of India. In forest ecosystem, the above ground biomass values ranged from 3,520 to 3,630 kg ha−1 and belowground from 6,280 to 6,560 kg ha−1. Plant available nitrogen ranged from 16.76 to 23.21 μg g−1, net N-mineralization from 9.8 to 48.53 μg g−1 month−1 and MBN from 26.4 to 80.02 μg g−1. In naturally revegetated mine spoil, the above ground biomass values ranged from 1,036 to 1,380 kg ha−1 and belowground from 2,538 to 3,380 kg ha−1. Plant available nitrogen ranged from 7.33–17.14 μg g−1, net N-mineralization from 3.1 to 12.46 μg g−1 month−1 and MBN from 14.2 to 35.44 μg g−1. In revegetated mine spoil, the above ground biomass values ranged from 1,224 to 1,678 kg ha−1 and belowground from 2,870 to 4,130 kg ha−1. Plant available nitrogen ranged from 9.4 to 18.83 μg g−1, net N-mineralization from 4.2 to 16.2 μg g−1 month−1 and MBN from 21.6 to 42.6 μg g−1. The mean plant biomass values in 5 and 10 years mine spoils was lower compared to forest ecosystem by 2.5 and 2 times, respectively. N-mineralization value in 5 year mine spoil was 3.5 times lower and in 10 years mine spoil 2 times lower compared to forest ecosystem. The MBN value was about 2 times lower in both 5 and 10 year mine spoils compared to native forest. MBN was positively related to the re-vegetation age of the mine spoil.