Distribution Pattern of Herb and Tree Species at Reclaimed over Burden Dumps of Chromite Mine in Sukinda Region, Odisha, India (original) (raw)
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journal of Survey in Fisheries sciences, 2021
Present study was carried out in the Chromite mining region of Sukinda, District Jajpur, Odisha. Two overburden dump sites were selected for vegetation analysis out of which one site was two year old and other 15 year old. Vegetation analysis was carried out on these sites to observe the differences in density of herb species after reclamation. The density was calculated for herb species at different aspects of these two dumps to find out the impact of aspect and age on density values of herbaceous vegetation on reclaimed over burden sites. Of the 58 and 56 herb species recorded at these reclaimed sites D2 and D7 respectively, 36 species were present at both sides. Higher number of species was recorded on east aspect at both the sites. Both the fifteen year and two year old sites was represented by 22 families. Herb species of family Poaceae, Amaranthaceae, Fabaceae and Asteraceae were the dominant families at D2 site where as families like Mimosaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae were more in number than other families at older site i.e. D7. Amaranthus viridis and Cynodon dactylon were theb dominant species on yonger site and Cynodon dactylon and Evolvulous nummularius exhibited dominance at older site.
Aim: The main aim of the study was to study the vegetation structure and species diversity of coal mine generated waste land, located in Raniganj coal field area, West Bengal. Methodology: The survey of vegetation was conducted at both study sites by using standard quadrat method. Study of different phytosociological attribute and species diversity analysis was done using standard methods. Statistical analysis was performed to represent the importance of different phytosociological attributes. Result: Distribution pattern in both wasteland indicate contagious or clumped type. Butea monosperma and Streblus asper was the most dominant tree species in the two study area respectively whereas, Cynodon dactylon was the most dominant herb species in the study areas. The diversity of herbs was much higher than the others layer of vegetation in both waste lands. Concentration of dominance or Simpson Dominance Index also exhibits variation among the vegetation layers. The Jaccard's Index of similarity for tree, herb shrub and climber vegetation was 57.14%, 71.11%, 50% and 33.33% respectively between the two waste lands. Hierarchical cluster analysis highlights 13 and 7 primary cluster in the two study area respectively based on their phytosociological attributes. Principle component analysis reveals 97.57% and 92% variance for the first two principle components in the study areas respectively. Conclusion: The present investigation can be concluded that the data of vegetation analysis might be utilized as baseline information and tool to predict the best and effective reclamation procedure of these coal mined areas.
Tropical Ecology, 2011
Composition of herbaceous and woody vegetation, which developed as a result of natural succession on mine spoil dumps of different ages in an open cast coal field in Orissa, India, was analyzed. Species richness and diversity showed increasing trends for non-grass species with increasing age of spoil. The results indicated greater contribution of grass species during initial stages of vegetation development. Four native woody forest species were recorded in addition to five planted and one weed species, namely Lantana camara. Increasing Importance Value Index (IVI) of this weed with the age of the mine spoil reflects its invasiveness and is considered to be the reason for the poor performance of most of the planted woody species.
Assessment of herbaceous biomass: A study in Rowghat mining areas of Chhattisgarh, India
Journal of Applied and Natural Science
We studied Rowghat sites of Chhattisgarh, India, with the objective to assess herbaceous layer composition, biomass and to prepare management implications for conservation of ecologically sensitive species in mined areas. Ten sites (Anjrel, Khodgaon, Khadkagaon, Takrel, Rav Dongri, Tarhur, Godenmar Dongri, Parmad Dongri, Bhusujkun Dongri and Bedhiyar Nala) were selected for the study. We randomly placed quadrats of 1x1 m size in each site. A sum of 36 species distributed in 15 families were encountered in Rowghat mining site. The total density of all herbs was highest (724000) in Bhusujkun Dongri followed by Khadkagaon (678000), Rav Dongri (662000) and lowest was recorded from Godenmar Dongri (502000). The density of herbs across the study area ranged from 9,000 (D. ciliaris) to 2,50,000 (S. viridis) in the areas of Tarhur and Bediyar Nala. The herb species were unevenly distributed across mined areas. The Chlorophytum tuberosum and Cassia tora were recorded only from Tarkel and God...
The investigations on the herbaceous vegetation in terms of its composition and diversity were conducted in three different forest communities in a sub-tropical forest of Jammu Siwaliks. These included Northern dry mixed deciduous forests (5B/C2), Himalayan subtropical scrub (9/C1/DSI) and Himalayan subtropical Pine forest (9/C1a) in an altitudinal range of 300 m asl to 990 m asl. The community analysis was performed using stratified random sampling involving 0.01 % of the total area for each community. 750 quadrats of 1 m2 each were laid for various phytosociological parameters and diversity indices to reveal the community structure, species richness, diversity and evenness for the terrestrial herbs in different forest types. A total of 266 species belonging to 201 genera and 64 families were recorded from the forest. The vegetation analysis revealed the dominance of Cynodon dactylon Pers (SIV = 12.75, 4.25%), Ageratum conyzoides L. (18.03, 6.01%) and Cynodon dactylon Pers. (23.07, 7.69%) as herbaceous elements in northern dry mixed deciduous forests, Himalayan subtropical scrub and Himalayan subtropical Pine forest respectively. The northern dry mixed deciduous forest occupying 27.3 % of the study area revealed maximum herb species richness and diversity as indicated by the higher values obtained for Shannon-Wienner’s index, Margalef’s index and Simpson’s index of dominance.
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2005
Floral composition and structural parameters of the herbaceous vegetation of four recovering tropical dry deciduous forest stands protected for 2, 4, 6 and 10-year periods, on the Eastern Ghats of India, situated at Kandhamal district of Orissa, India were investigated. More than 1 ha of recovering forest stands of each of the four stages was selected and fifteen sample quadrats of 1 m • 1 m were randomly placed at each stand for vegetation analysis. Floristic analysis revealed highest number of species (69) in 2-year recovering stand, which declined with increase in age. A total of 87 species, 71 genera and 32 families were recorded in the forest stands. Total number of herbaceous species encountered in the stands was 44, 28, 30 and 24 in 2, 4, 6 and 10-year stands, respectively. Total individuals of all herb species were 114, 70, 88 and 68 plant m À2 in 2, 4, 6 and 10-year stands, respectively. Herbaceous stand basal areas were 7.84, 3.66, 4.77 and 5.23 cm 2 m À2 in 2, 4, 6, and 10-year stands, respectively. Importance value index (IVI) revealed that Heteropogon contortus was predominant in 2 and 4-year stands, Andrographis paniculatus in 6-year stand and Elephantopus scaber in 10-year stand. Diversity-dominance curve revealed lognormal distribution in all the four stands. Simpson's dominance index (C) was highest in 2-year stand which decreased in other stands, while Shannon's diversity index (H 1) was almost the same in all the stands. Biomass of herbaceous vegetation was 83.2 g m À2 in 2 year, 62.2 g m À2 in 4 year, 58.0 g m À2 in 6 year and 64.0 g m À2 in 10-year stand.
Study Of Flora And Soil Quality Of Selected Chromite Mining OB Dumps In Sukinda, Odisha, India
2020
The nature plays a very significant role in the maintenance of ecological order of the ecosystem. The forests, occupy unique position because of its renewable nature. Forests also preside protection to other resources and crops. The species diversity in a plant community increases with the decrease in anthropogenic disturbances. As a result of mining and coal combustion significant areas of land are degraded and acting ecosystems are replayed by undesirable waste materials in the form of dumps, tailing dams and ash dams. The dumping of mine tailings and other rejected materials (referred to as overburden, OB) generated from opencast metal mines is considered as a major contributor to the ecological and environnemental degradation. Plant communities are often subjected to disturbances and these conditions may facilitate coexistence and maintain high diversity. To understand the influence of disturbances on vegetation, their spatial and temporal dimension, frequency of occurrence and magnitude has to be considered. Relatively more biological rich area was observed where the disturbance is low. The Indian Bureau of mines (2000) has recommended ecorestoration of dump as a part of natural succession process and it should be started with sowing of seeds of legumes, grasses, herbs and shrubs in the inter-spacing of tree plantation.
Phytosociology and Floristic composition of mining area of Lodna Coal Mines of Jharia, Jharkhand
Mining is a process which leads to significant adverse impact on the environment. It causes massive damage to earth crust, soil profile and biodiversity of the area. Native vegetation get disturbed and the habitats become impoverished due to mining, presenting a very rigorous condition for plant growth. Vegetation is an important part of the environment and is subjected to disturbance in areas close to coal mines. This results in a slowing of the rate of biomass growth, which is caused by fading of vegetation. Simultaneously, carbon stored in vegetation is constantly released, weakening vegetation ability to act as a carbon sink. In the present investigation the floristic composition and Phytosociology of vegetation in the five distinct sites of degraded land areas of Lodna coal mines, Jharia (Jharkhand) was studied. The results revealed that the mining severely alter the ecology of coalfield and it is vividly express in vegetation pattern as well as phytosociology. Dichanthium annulatum was the dominating species in control area i.e. station 5 having very high important value index 42.2. Because of this reason the vegetation type is described as Dichanthium complex. Another herb having important value index of 40.3 was Heteropogan controrus showed its remarkable presence in control area. These two herbs were conspicuously absent at mining area. There was the most notable change in vegetation pattern. Cynodon dactylon was the most significant species found in almost all coal mine area studied having high important value index. Eragrostis plumbosa and Tridex procumbens were also evenly distributed in all five stations, however, the earlier genus was better represented than the later. Demodius triflorum and Imperata cylindrical was also uniformly present in all stations. Plants with almost uniform presence exhibit tolerance of these species and capacity of ecological resilience. Presence of Echinochloa colonum and Cyperus rotundus, although in small number at control station but its complete absence in coal mine area proves its comparatively susceptible nature. It is another noteworthy change in herb diversity because of coal mining. So far as the shrubs are concerned, one species, Leonotis neptifolia was found to possess unique adaptability as the species showed impressive presence with very high important value index in all stations and in all seasons. This means that the plant is having some remarkable adaptability in coal mines and it opens a new possibility of research at molecular level. Lantana camara was also uniformly present in all stations. Eupatorium odoratum was having appreciable presence in control. Although present in coal mines also, their important value index was low. This shows that this shrub is struggling for its survival. Croton sparciflorus was also having high important value index at control area but much less value at coal mines suggesting its vulnerability to changed ecology. Xanthium strumarium was also uniform in their presence.