Short Chain Fatty Acid Production, Organic Matter Digestibility and Metabolisable Energy Content of Indigenous Browses from Ethiopian Rift Valley (original) (raw)
Related papers
Research Article, 2017
bjective: This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro gas and methane (CH4) production of eight tannin-containing browses species from Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: Leaves of Acacia seyal, Acacia senegal, Acacia tortilis, Prosopis juliflora, Millettia ferruginea, Vernonia amygadalina, Croton macrostachyus and Cordia africana were collected, oven-dried and ground to 1.0 mm for in vitro gas and chemical analysis. General linier model procedure of SAS, Version 9.2 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The highest crude protein (CP) contents of the browses ranged from 13-29% was observed for Acacia senegal and lowest for Acacia seyal. The nutrient detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were highest for Cordia africana and lowest for Acacia seyal. The CT content for Acacia seyal, Acacia tortilis and Millettia ferruginea were higher (p<0.05) than the remaining species. Acacia seyal produced the highest gas volume and Prosopis juliflora produced the lowest. The lowest (p<0.05) CH4 percentage of total gas was recorded from Acacia seyal. The CH4 percentage from Cordia africana was higher (p<0.05) than Acacia seyal and Acacia tortilis. Inclusion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) significantly improved gas production and organic matter digestibility (OMD) of browses. Conclusion: The high gas production and OMD of Acacia seyal, coupled with its lowest percent of CH4 of total gas produced during fermentation would make the browse potential supplement of low quality roughages while reducing enteric CH4 emissions.
The study was conducted to determine the plant density, leaf biomass and crude protein yield, chemical composition, In vitro gas and methane production, tannin biological activity and in sacco dry matter degradability of leaves of 15 selected tropical browse species from Borana rangeland, Ethiopia. Plant density (plant/ha) ranged from 1209.1-72.7, leaf biomass yield (kg/plant) ranged from 36.8-8.6, biomass yield (kg/ha) ranged from 3308.5-790.2 and crude protein (CP) yield (kg/ha) ranged from 630.5-125.1. Dry matter (DM) ranged from 89.7-92%, ash 20.4-11.9%, crude protein (CP) 25.1-12.2%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 48.4-26.9%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) 20.4-10.7%, acid detergent lignin (ADL) 13.4-5.7%, calcium 2.48-1.20% and phosphorus 0.5-0.21%. Total phenol ranged from 29.5-18.0%, total tannin 20.1-12.2% and condensed tannin 12.5-5.6%. All 15 browse species used in this study could meet the maintenance requirement of requirements according to CSIRO, 2007 guidelines for grazing livestock in the tropics based on their moderate crude protein and mineral composition and lower NDF, ADF and ADL contents. The browse species had higher amount of condensed tannin (> 6% DM) which could limit their utilization as supplement to the basal grazing in tropics. Organic matter digestibility (OMD) ranged from 57-47 %, total gas production at 24 hr incubation 48.3-31.7 ml/200 mg DM, gas production at 48 hr incubation 55.2-37.6 ml/200 mg DM, methane production 15.1-11.0 ml/200 g DM, metabolizable energy (ME) 8.7-7.2, SCFA 1.16-0.53 mmol/L, methane reduction potential (MRP) 0.2-42% and Partitioning factor (PF) of gas production (ml gas production/DMD at 24 hr incubation) 5.07-2.20. Balanites aegyptica, Dobera glabra, Grewia ferruginea, Prosopis juliflora and Acacia nubica leaves were observed to show best values in terms of gas volume, OMD, ME and SCFA production, methane reduction potential and in Sacco degradability characteristics. Thus, the browse species from Afar rangelands could be considered as potential source of forages during dry season when regular feed resources are limited in quality and quantity. The authors recommended further study on the seasonal dynamics of the nutritional quality of the browse species supplemented with animal feeding experiments for better utilization of the browse species as dry season supplementation for ruminant livestock in dry lands.
2019
A study was conducted to evaluate the fodder value of Mulberry and other indigenous multi-purpose trees (MPTs) collected from selected farmers who own Mulberry plant from Shebedino, Dale and Chuko districts of Sidama Zone southern Ethiopia. In total 15 MPTs (14 indigenous and 1 exotic) were identified. From these, five indigenous and 1exotic which are used as a fodder plant ( B. aegyptica, C. africana, E. cymosa, M. ferruginea, M. alba and V. amygdalina) were selected. The chemical composition, in-vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), in-vitro gas production (IVGP), total tannin (TT), total phenolics (TP) and condensed tannin (CT) were analyzed. The highest (P<0.05) number was recorded for M. ferruginea followed by C. africana and V.amygdalina from Chuko while the lowest was for B. aegyptica from Dale district. The highest (P<0.05) crude protein (20.73%DM) was recorded for M. albaduring wet season. The lowest neutral detergent fiber (P<0.05) content was for B. aegypti...
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2002
The contents of phenolic compounds, protein precipitation capacity (PPC) and in vitro gas production of tropical browse species were evaluated. The stoichiometric relationship between in vitro gas measured on incubation of tannin-containing browses in buffered rumen fluid and calculated from short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production was investigated. Crude protein (CP) contents in the browses ranged from 54 to 300 g/kg dry matter (DM). Total phenol (TP), tannins (T) and condensed tannins (TP and T as tannic acid equivalent; CT, as leucocyanidin equivalent) ranged from 17–250, 7–214, and 0–260 g/kg DM respectively, and PPC from 0 to 1066 μg BSA precipitated/g DM. CP content of browses was negatively correlated with TP, T, CT and PPC. A significant correlation was observed between per cent change in gas production on addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the contents of phenolics (r = 0.76 for both TP and T). Addition of PEG to tannin-containing browses increased in vitro gas produ...
The chemical composition and in vitro gas production of some leguminous browse species were evaluated. Crude protein (CP) content was highest (P<0.05) in Pterocarpus erinaceus. Neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and total condensed tannins (TCT) were highest (P<0.05) in Erythrina senegalensis. Acid detergent lignin was greatest in Parkia biglobosa and lowest in Acacia seyal. In vitro organic matter de-gradability (IVOMD) was lowest and highest in Desmodium relatinum (11.87%) and Fadhebia albida (74.29%), respectively. Pterocarpus erinaceus had the highest volume of gas production (GP; 29.33 mg/200 g DM) while Parkia biglobosa had the least GP (2.00 mL/200 mg DM) at 96 h. The GP from the immediately soluble fraction (a) and volume of gas produced (mL) at time t (Y) were highest in Pterocar-pus erinaceus and Erythrina senegalensis. Gas production from the insoluble but degradable fraction (b) and potential GP (a+b) were greatest in Dicrostachys cinerea. Rate of GP (c) varied among the browses without a definite pattern. The CP of browses was positively significantly correlated with incubation period at all hours and fermentation characteristics (a, c and Y). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was positively cor-related with incubation periods and a, a + b and c. Acid detergent fibre (ADF) was negatively correlated with incubation hours but was positively related to gas fermentation characteristics. Acid detergent lignin (ADL) and IVOMD were weakly correlated with incubation hours but had a strong relationships with some gas fermentation characteristics. Total condensed tannins (TCT) showed a positive correlation with incuba-tion period at 6, 12, 24 and 96 h but their relationship with fermentation characteristics was positive and weak. Phenolic content was positive and strongly correlated with incubation period at 3, 6 12 and 24 h, a, c and Y. Based on their relatively high CP, moderate fibre levels and low condensed tannins contents, it can be concluded that the browse legume forages have nutritive potential as fodders for ruminants in tropical environment. KEY WORDS browses, degradability, fodder, gas production, in vitro.
In vitro gas production kinetics of selected multipurpose tree browses in Gelana rangelands
livestock research for rural development, 2021
This study was conducted in Gelana Rangelands, Southern Ethiopia to evaluate potential yield, chemical composition and in-vitro gas production potential of selected indigenous multipurpose browse trees. Eight browse species were selected based on their relative palatability, preference by ruminant, multiple function and availability in the dry season. The leaves of selected browse species were collected during wet and dry seasons for the determination of chemical composition and in vitro gas production test. A significant difference (P<0.05) in leaf biomass yield was observed between browse species where the value ranged from 0.77 to 3.3(kg/tree). The average Dry Matter (DM) yield was higher (P< 0.05) in the wet than the dry season. Crude protein (CP) content was higher (P< 0.05) in the wet season except for R. albersii which had a higher value in the dry season. Both the value of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) were highest (P< 0.05) in F. thonningii while the lowest values for both NDF and ADF were recorded in R. albersii. The condensed tannin (CT) value ranged from 0.2 to 11.13% (DM) in V. amygalina and D. angustifolia, respectively in the wet season while the CT values of browse trees ranged from 0.45% to 9.95% DM in the same species in the dry season, respectively. The total gas production at 24 hr incubation ranged from 13-50 ml/200 mg DM, gas production at 48 hr incubation 24-55.5 ml/200 mg DM in the wet season, and 21-51to 30-65 ml/200 mg DM in the dry season, respectively. Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD) ranged from 56.72-90.23 %, Metabolizable Energy (ME) 4.25-9.15 MJ/kg DM, and Short Chain Fatty Acid ( SCFA) 0.25-1.13 mmol/L in wet season while 54.78-95.63 %, 5.13-9.27 MJ/kg DM and 0.44-1.16 mmol/L in dry season, respectively. R. albersii, V. amygalina and C. africana leaves were best in terms of gas volume, OMD, ME and SCFA production potential characteristics. Therefore, the three tree species had the best nutritive value and could be considered as potential sources of animal feed supplement during the dry season when regular feed resources are limited in quality and quantity
Hawssa University, 2016
Five interrelated studies were conducted to evaluate leaf biomass yield and forage quality of major browse species from Afar and Borana rangelands, effect of chemical and biological treatments on nutritive values of leaves and pods of Acacia tortilis and Prosopis juliflora as well as feeding value of untreated or calcium hydroxide treated Acacia tortilis leaves on growth performance, carcass yield and meat composition of Arsi-Bale goats.The field works and sample collections were done during long dry seasons in both Afar and Borana rangelands and were presented in papers 1 and 2. Range of plant density (plant/ha), biomass yield (kg/plant), biomass yield (kg/ha) and crude protain(CP) yield (kg/ha) in Afar rangeland were 73 - 1209, 8.6-36.8, 790 - 3309 and 125-631, respectively, corresponding values in Borana rangeland were 69-1343, 5.6-39.8, 391-1803 and 43.5-267, respectively. Chemical compostion of browse species both from Afar and Borana rangelands were analysed for dry matter(DM), ash, crude protein (CP),neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), total phenolics (TP), total tannin (TT) and condensed tannin (CT). In Afar rangeland, DM ranged from 30.7- 44.4%, ash 11.9-20.4%, CP 12.2-25.1%, NDF 26.9-48.4%, ADF 10.7-20.4%, ADL 5.7- 13.4%, Ca 1.20-2.48%, P 0.21-0.5 %, TP 18.0-29.5, TT 12.2-20.1% and CT 5.6-12.5% DM while corresponding values in Borana rangeland were 33.1-42.6%, 6.8-15.7 % ,13.8-28.7 %, 25.4-43.2 %, 11-20.3%, 6.0-14.2%,1.43-2.15 %, 0.22-0.42 %,19.1-31.4 %,11.7-27.5 % and 3.2-19.4 % DM of the leaf biomass. Organic matter digestibility(OMD) ranged from 57-47 %, Total gas production (TGP) at 48 hr incubation, Methane production (CH4) 15.1-11.0 ml, metabolizable energy (ME) 8.7-7.2, short chain fatty acid production (SCFA) 1.16-0.53 mmol/dl, Methane reduction potential (MRP) 0.2-42% and tannin biological activity (TBA) on CH4 ranged from 106-156% in Afar rangeland while corresponding values in Borana rangelands were from 42.2-58.0 %, 0.33- 2.01 mmol/dl, 7.2-10.4 MJ/kg , 9.1-15 ml,12.2- 57.5% and 73-124.8 %. Invitro experimentsreatments of leaves and pods of Acacia tortilis and Prosopis juliflora were conducted by using biological treatments (rumen liquor (RL), effective microbes (EM) and commercial yeast (CY)) and chemical treatments (calcium hydroxide(CH), polyethylene glycol(PEG) and wood ash (WA)) and were presented in paper 3. The DM of the leaf and pod the browses decreased with biological treatments and increased with chemical treatments as compared to untreated ones. Pods of Acacia and Prosopis had the highest ash than the leaves. CP contents of Acacia leaves were higher in untreated, RL, and EM and WA treated leaves as compared to leaves treated with CY and PEG. Percent tannin reduction was lower in WA treatment and higher in PEG treatment. Both biological and xv chemical treatments had improved gas production and nutritive values, reduced phenolic composition and methane production with differing magnitude. In conclusion, calcium hydroxide and PEG treatments were superior in reducing condensed tannin contents and improving nutritive values of both leaves and pods of acacia and prosopis followed by EM and CY treatments. Concentrate replacement values of both untreated and CH treated Acacia tortilis leavesto Arsi-Bale goats were evaluated in papers 4 and 5. Partial replacement combined with CH treatment of acacia leaf meals (ALM) leaf meals reduced EE, TP, TT and CT contents the diets. Whereas, ash, ADF, ADL and Ca contents of the diets were raised both by alkali treatment and partial replacement of the concentrate by ALM. Calcium hydroxide CH treatment of the leaf meals increased the intake and digestibility of DM, OM, CP, and NDF as well as retention of N, Ca and P. Comparable results of intake, digestibility and balances of nutrients were observed when 75 and 50% of concentrate ration in the diets was replaced by treated leaf meal and untreated leaf meal. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose, globulin, AST, ALP, and ALT and hematological parameters (PCV, RBC, HB, MCH, MCHC, WBC, Percents of lymphocytes, basiophils and ,monocytes) were affected by alkali treatment and partial replacement of concentrate with ALM but not total protein, creatinine, Ca, P, MCV and neutrophils. Dressing percentage, lumbar portion and REMA of the carcass were improved by partial replacement and alkali treatment of ALM. Edible offal components tend to increase when treated acacia leaf meal replaced concentrate mixture at higher proportion whereas they tend to decrease as the proportion of untreated leaf meal replacement increased. The weights of non edible offals were higher for untreated ALM as compared to treated ALM. Ultimate pH, W/P ratio, caloric values, cooking losses and water holding capacity of meat of the experimental goats on treated diets were improved as compared to untreated ALM. Maxium benefits were obtained at 75% of treated ALM and 50% of untreated ALM in the concentrate mixtures. In conclusion, browse species from Afar and Borana rangelands could be considered as potential forages during dry season when quality and quantity of other feed resources are limited. Replacement of 75% of the concentrate mixture with calcium hydroxyide treated acacia leaf meals gave maximum performance of the goats. Further study on the seasonal dynamics of the nutritional quality of the browse species and evaluation of different proportions of mixtures of leaves and pods of Acacia tortilis using alternative tannin binding agents and animal feeding experiments are suggested for affordable feeding strategies of ruminant livestock in the tropics
Potencial alimenticio para los rumiantes de las especies de Acacia de Botswana
Se han realizado cuatro estudios diferentes para evaluar el valor alimenticio de forrajes leñosos indígenas de Botswana. En el primero, se ha analizado la composición nutritiva y digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca de semillas de nueve especies de Acacia. La composición nutritiva de las semillas varió; así, el contenido de proteína bruta de Acacia robusta fue 12,52 p.100 mientras que el de Acacia erubescens fue 21,82 p.100. El segundo estudio fue para evaluar la influencia del procesado sobre el nivel de fibra y la digestibilidad in vitro de semillas de cinco especies, presentadas como semillas enteras, molidas groseramente y finamente molidas. La forma física afectó a la fibra neutro detergente, fibra ácido detergente y digestibilidad de todas las semillas. En el tercer estudio se evaluó el contenido de taninos y la degradación de la proteína de hojas y brotes de especies indígenas de Acacia en Botswana. El cuarto estudio fue un ensayo de alimentación durante 98 días usando ...