Long term effects of reproductive history on bone mineral content in women (original) (raw)
Related papers
Nutrients
The objective of this study was to compare current measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total femur (TF) regions with initial values recorded 12 years ago in women from Northwest Mexico, and evaluate their correlation with dietary, anthropometric, and reproductive variables. BMD was assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Participants were grouped as follows: Nulliparous (G1); women who were mothers 12 years ago (G2); and women who were nulliparous 12 years ago, but are now mothers (G3). In all three groups, current LS BMD was higher than initial (p ≤ 0.05) and current TF BMD in G2 was higher than initial values (p ≤ 0.05). When comparing current FN and TF BMD among the three groups, G2 had higher values than G3 (p ≤ 0.05). G2 also showed higher LS BMD than G1 and G3 (p = 0.006). Age at menarche was inversely-correlated with FN and TF BMD in G1 (p < 0.01), while the body mass index (BMI) correlated positively with all t...
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 2015
Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the possible risk factors related with osteoporosis in women with spontaneous menopause. Methods Five hundred and one postmenopausal women were divided into three groups as normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic according to their bone mineral density (BMD). By face-to-face interview, parity, age at menarche, age at menopause, duration of fertility, duration of menopause, first pregnancy age, total lactation period, exercise, smoking were assessed. Women with menopause age before 40 years, surgical menopause, who had any anti-osteoporosis treatment, hormone replacement therapy at the time of BMD measurement and corticosteroid use longer than 6 months were excluded from the study. Results Among 501 postmenopausal women, 107 women were classified as normal, 170 as osteopenic and 224 as osteoporotic. Among demographic features of patients, there was statistically significant difference between the groups in age, BMI and parity (p \ 0.001, p \ 0.0001 and p = 0.002, respectively). There were statistically significant differences between the groups in case of age at menopause, duration of fertility and duration of menopause (p = 0.013, p = 0.013 and p \ 0.0001, respectively). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, BMI over 32 and fertility duration over 33 years had a statistically significant protective effect against osteoporosis (OR 0.42, CI 95 % 0.27-0.66; OR 0.36, CI 95 % 0.24-0.56, respectively), but age was positively correlated with osteoporosis (OR 1.13, CI 95 % 1.01-1.17) Conclusions Duration of fertility (years of menstruation) longer than 33 years and body mass index higher than 32 seem to protect against postmenopausal osteoporosis. Age is also an independent risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Keywords Postmenopausal osteoporosis Á Risk factors Á Lactation Á First pregnancy age Á Duration of fertility Á Body mass index This study has been accepted as poster presentation in 23th EBCOG European Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Glasgow, Scotland (UK), on May 7th-10th 2014.
Osteoporosis International, 2000
Bone loss before and around the time of menopause is not well characterized by longitudinal studies. We measured bone mineral density at various skeletal sites ± total body, femoral neck, trochanter, anteroposterior (AP) and lateral spine, and forearm ± with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a large prospective cohort of 272 untreated pre-and perimenopausal women aged 31±59 years, at 1 year intervals for 3 years. Sex steroids and the following markers of bone remodeling were measured: serum osteocalcin (OC), procollagen I carboxyterminal extension peptide, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and urinary crosslinks (CTX and NTX). Seventy-six women were classi®ed as perimenopausal and 196 as premenopausal. Over the 3 years, premenopausal women had no signi®cant bone loss at any site and a small but signi®cant increase in bone mineral density at the trochanter, total hip, AP spine and radius. Perimenopausal women signi®cantly lost bone from cancellous and cortical sites, i.e., the femoral neck, trochanter and lumbar spine. In perimenopausal women with increased follicle stimulating hormone, the rate of bone loss at the femoral neck correlated negatively with OC and BAP. In perimenopausal women, serum estradiol levels decreased during the 3 years of follow-up and bone loss from the trochanter and the AP spine was correlated with serum estradiol after 3 years. In conclusion, among premenopausal women there is no bone loss. In contrast, there is a rapid and diffuse bone loss in perimenopausal women, related to decreased estrogen secretion. Bone markers may be useful to identify these women losing bone.
2018
DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018.6.9.50 Abstract:Worldwide 1 in 3 women over 50 years of age experience an osteoporotic fracture. Measuring bone mineral density is the most important tool in the diagnosis osteoporosis.To compare number of reproductive years, BMI and natural and surgical menopause with bone mineral density in post-menopausal women.Two hundred postmenopausal women were studied at the Department of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow from September 2015 to August 2016. A detailed questionnaire was filled which included details of demographic factors of the patient, BMI, Blood pressure, number of reproductive years, whether menopause was natural or surgical and personal history including history of exercise. BMD was measured in each woman at lumbar spine (L1-L4) by lunar Prodigy dual energy X Ray absorptiometry. Mean BMI showed a significant declining trend from normal to osteoporosis BMD status (p<0.001). Among overweight and obese patients maj...
The Correlation Between Mineral Levels and Bone Loss Risk in Postmenopausal Women
Advances in Health Sciences Research, 2021
Background: Calcium and phosphate are two minerals that are important for bone formation. Osteoblasts indirectly regulate osteoclast resorption activity under the influence of estrogen. Estrogen itself produces growth factors and contributes to bone formation so that bone mineral density decreases with an increase in menopause. Objective: This study aimed to know correlation between mineral levels and bone loss risk in postmenopausal women. Methods: This research was a case control study. Samples size were 34 postmenopausal women. Data was analyzed by chi-square to see the correlation mineral levels to bone loss and the strength of the association between factor and outcome was determined as an odds ratio (OR). Results: There is correlation between mineral levels with Bone Loss in postmenopouse woman with p value 0.018 and have possibility (OR=12.000; CI 95%= 1.623-88.702). The odds ratio show that the risk to bone loss in low mineral subjects was 12 times compared with normal mineral subjects. Conclusion: Need to provide additional calcium for postmenopausal women to increase mineral levels so that they avoid bone loss.
Bone mineral loss related to menstrual history
Acta Orthopaedica, 1989
We measured the bone mineral content (BMC) of the forearm in 173 normal postmenopausal women. We also examined the relation between BMC and the chronologic age, the numberof years elapsed sincemenopause, and the total number of menstrualcycles during thereproductive years. BMC had a better linear relation to the total number of menstrual cycles than with the years elapsed since menopause or with chronologic age. Acta Orthop Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by 23.21.125.161 on 05/20/14 For personal use only.
Effect of menopause on bone turn over
Women of all ethnic groups show an accelerated phase of bone loss, which occurs for about 10 years after the cessation of ovarian function. Biochemical assays reflect the turnover of entire skeleton; can detect early changes in the bone turnover. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Fifty premenopausal and fifty early postmenopausal women each were selected after the informed consent and 5ml of venous blood was collected. Serum was separated for estimation of total calcium, phosphorous, serum alkaline phosphatase , osteocalcin, total protein & albumin. Urinary Hydroxyproline and Urinary calcium were estimated. Data was analyzed using oneway ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. P value <0.05 was considered the level of significance. Results were expressed as mean ± SD and range values. The serum alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and Hydroxyproline were significantly increased in early postmenopausal women as compared to that in premenopausal women. From our study, we conclude that biochemical markers of bone formation and bone resorption was grossly elevated in early postmenopausal women when compared to premenopausal women indicating an accelerated bone turnover in this age group.
2003
in the one-to-two-parity group, spine BMD values appeared to be significantly higher than those of the more-than-fiveparity group (p Ͻ 0.05). Significant correlations were found between the number of pregnancies and BMD values for the spine (r ϭ Ϫ0.23; P Ͻ 0.01), trochanter (r ϭ Ϫ0.16; P Ͻ 0.01), and Ward's triangle (r ϭ Ϫ0.14; P Ͻ 0.05), with no significant correlation for femur neck BMD (r ϭ Ϫ0.08; P Ͼ 0.05) values. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the number of pregnancies has an effect on the BMD values and that this situation shows a variation in different age groups. In addition, our study indicates that there is a significant correlation between the number of pregnancies and the spine, trochanter, and Ward's triangle BMD, but there is no correlation for the femur neck BMD.