Outdoor-to-indoor Propagation Characteristics of 1900 MHz Signals in Macro-cellular Environments for GSM and UMTS Systems (original) (raw)
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2006 3rd International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems, 2006
A study of the extra signal attenuation due to building penetration associated to path loss from the Base Stations to Mobile Terminals, for different types of buildings and rooms, is presented for GSM (900 and 1800 MHz) and UMTS. In this study, a statistical model for the attenuation penetration is developed, following the Log-Normal Distribution, applied to a building classification, and supported on measurements, useful for radio network planning purposes. The variation of the attenuation per floor, room and building type is studied. An average attenuation of 5.7 dB for GSM900 is observed, with a standard deviation of 11.1 dB.
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In this work, measurements of GSM signal strength were conducted to determine GSM signal loss in multistorey buildings in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The measurements were carried out indifferent buildings of 2, 3, 4, and 5-storey. The study was carried out on the four GSM service providers in Nigeria (MTN, Etisalat, Globacom and Airtel), to determine their signal penetration using Radio Frequency Signal Tracker (RFST) software. The measurements were first conducted outside the building known as the outdoor signal strength, then indoors in each floor of the building and the differences were computed.Based on the measurement data, the average path loss exponentand floor attenuation factor were determined as 3.53, and 21.22 respectively while the standard deviation varied between 3.46 and 6.27. Also, a model was developed to predict GSM signal loss inmultistorey buildings. The results showed that the loss exponent varied between 3.09 and 3.99 which was attributed to the effect of floor partition.The penetration loss were higher at the ground floor than the fifth floor though it had the maximum floor attenuation factor.
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Building Penetration Loss for GSM Signals into Selected Building Structures in Jigawa State, Nigeria
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Global system for mobile communication (GSM) became the most active industry in our country Nigeria, since its inception in 2004. The number of service providers keeps on increasing, but the quality of services (QoS), provided is still low. This research work, studied by way of extensive measurements, the received signal strength inside buildings constructed using different types of building materials for both the structure and the roof. This is with a view to finding a signal attenuation margin that will improve the indoor propagation model. The degree of attenuation on the received signal may be used to provide a margin in GSM radio link planning so as to compensate for such loss. The measurements were conducted in selected areas in Jigawa metropolis where these types of buildings are common. Four geographical locations were used as case study within Jigawa metropolis namely, Dutse, Kazaure, Hadejia, Gumel and Ringim. Signals radiated from four GSM service providers (namely, MTN, ...
Relative Permittivity Based Model for GSM Signal Loss in Buildings
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2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2014
Use of energy efficient construction materials is increasing all the time due to more and more tightened building regulations, which aim is to reduce overall energy consumption and thereon e.g. mitigate climate change. Energy efficient building materials and structures improve heat insulation but also change the propagation characteristics of radio signals between outdoor and indoors. This paper examines in details such propagation effects and increased levels of outdoor-indoor attenuation in modern apartment buildings, and their impact on mobile cellular networks. In particular, the aim is to compare external wall attenuations for the modern and older apartment buildings and to assess the impact of increased attenuations for the density and planning of cell sites of mobile cellular macro networks. We also demonstrate and evaluate the opportunities for increased indoor signal coverage by using a dedicated aperture installed in building materials.
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This paper presents a modified indoor to outdoor propagation model based on empirical techniques. The proposed model improves the accuracy of the COST 231 model [8] and valid for GSM 900, GSM 1800 and CDMA 2100. While generated model deviates from measurements by at most 8dB, theory and measurements are in good track. Generated model includes building structures as well as frequency dependence.
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International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP), 2014
This work reports a series of measurements of the attenuation of UMTS and GSM mobile phone signal by buildings structures in the city of Rome. The context of the research is the concern about the exposure of the population resident in the buildings to electromagnetic fields emitted by the radio base stations of the mobile phone radio access network. The aim of the research is to analyze a conservative method of measurement for the outdoor-to-indoor attenuation. The measurement method takes intrinsically into account the presence of apertures like doors and windows on the wall of the buildings, the materials around the apertures and within the buildings. The measurements of attenuation are carried out by instrumentations able to demodulate the radio base station antennas RF carriers. Four different topologies of urban buildings are considered: reinforced concrete buildings, buildings between late 1800 and early 1900th century, historical buildings in the inner Rome and steel and glass buildings structures. Measurements of electromagnetic attenuation are in the range 6 -27 dB. A numerical analysis of the attenuation of apertures like door/windows has been computed and the results discussed. The results show that the attenuation depends on the material of the walls and by the objects indoor located.
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