Prenatal Oral Health Care and Early Childhood Caries Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (original) (raw)
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Pediatric dentistry
The seriousness and societal costs of dental caries in preschool children are enormous. National data shows that caries is highly prevalent in poor and near poor US preschool children, yet this disease is infrequently treated. The etiology includes elevated colonization levels of mutans streptococci, high frequency sugar consumption, and developmental defects on primary teeth. A necessary first step in preventing dental caries in preschool children is evaluating the child's caries risk factors that include socioeconomic status, previous carious experience, presence of white spot lesions, presence of visible plaque, perceived risk by dental professionals, and microbiologic testing for the presence or quantity of mutans streptococci. Based on this knowledge, different preventive strategies, as well as different intensities of preventive therapies, can be employed. Caries preventive strategies in preschool children include diet modifications to reduce high frequency sugar consumpti...
Risk Factors for Early Childhood Caries in Toddlers: An Institution-based Study
Cureus, 2020
Background Tooth decay experience among toddlers and preschoolers is of epidemic proportions worldwide and dental caries still remains an important childhood disease affecting a considerable part of this population. Though the prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is associated with several risk factors such as feeding and oral hygiene practices, Streptococcus mutans levels, socioeconomic status (SES), etc., it is suggested that these factors should be studied adequately to aid in the early prevention and management of ECC. Objective The objectives of the study were to: a) evaluate the distribution of ECC, b) study the role of SES in the occurrence of ECC, c) record the variations in feeding and dietary practices along with oral hygiene practices and d) Correlate the sweet score with ECC.
2013
Background: To find out if there is an association between levels of salivary Mutans Streptococci (MS) of mothers and salivary MS and Caries experience of their Children. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was designed among 180 mother-child pair attending Vanivilasa Children Hospital, Bangalore, India. Caries was diagnosed using WHO criteria. Ninety children with Early Childhood Caries (ECC) with their mothers were included in case group and 90 caries free children with their mothers were included in the control group. Whole non-stimulated saliva was collected from mothers and children and cultured for MS. Colonies were counted and compared. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 10. Chi-square test and t-test were used to find differences between groups. P value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Among 180 children, 80 of them had a high MS count. Among them, 60 (75%) had ECC and only 20 (25%) were caries free. This difference was significant with P <...
Very High Salivary Streptococcus Mutans Predicts Caries Progression in Young Children
2016
PURPOSE Culturing mutans streptococci (MS) from children's saliva has high utility in caries risk assessment. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to examine its ability in predicting caries progression and determine sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios of a very high ["too numerous to count (TNTC) MS test result. METHODS 200 preschoolers (3.3±1.2 years, 50 percent no recoverable MS, 50 percent TNTC MS at first dental visit) were followed for five or more years. Caries experience of both groups was compared to identify predictors of caries presence and its progression. RESULTS Controlling for demographic, oral health, and dental visit factors, TNTC preschoolers had both greater presence and extent of caries at the first dental visit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 8.0, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] 2.5 to 25.5) and caries progression at five or more years (aOR 6.0, 95 percent CI 2.4 to 15.0). Fewer TNTC preschoolers remained caries free over five y...
2019
Introduction: Streptococcus mutans plays a significant role in causation of caries. Transmission of S. mutans can be vertical or horizontal from mother to child and mainly occur during the first 2.5 years of age. In this article, we have emphasized on the transmission of S. mutans from parents to their 18 months and 3-year-old children. The aim of this study was to find out correlation between salivary mutans Streptococcus count and dental caries experience among preschool children and their parents. Materials and Methods: The study comprised randomly selected 50 father-mother-child pairs who were residing at Gandhi Nagar, a village in Indore district. Of 50 children, 25 were of 18 months and the other 25 were of 36 months of age. At early morning, the saliva samples of each pair were obtained before their brushing. The parents were interviewed in accordance with a structured questionnaire. The vital statistics of children and their parents were recorded. The clinical examination of...
Early Childhood Caries: A Preventable Disease
Dentistry - Open Journal, 2015
Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a preventable chronic disease which affects infants and children worldwide. The early detection of ECC can reduce pain, life threatening conditions and helps in the growth and the overall development of the child. The risk factors of ECC include: Mutant Streptococci (MS), dietary and feeding habits, socioeconomic and environmental factors, systemic diseases and certain medications. The aim of this paper is to systematically review the global burden of ECC, contributing risk factors, preventive and treatment strategies. The literature search was based on published systematic reviews which were focused on diseases burden; heterogeneity of research studies on this subject did not allow a meta-analysis.
Risk factors for dental caries in young children: a systematic review of the literature
2004
Objective To conduct a systematic review of the literature on risk factors for dental caries in deciduous teeth of children aged six years and under, to give a scientific framework for the international collaborative studies on inequalities in childhood caries. Method Accepted guidelines were followed. Studies were identified by electronic searching and reviewed on the basis of key words, title and abstract by two reviewers to assess whether inclusion criteria were met. Copies of all articles were obtained and assessed for quality according to the study design. Results 1029 papers were identified from the electronic search, 260 met the prima facie inclusion criteria. 183 were excluded once full copies of these papers were obtained. Of the 77 studies included, 43 were cross sectional, 19 cohort studies, 8 case control studies and 7 interventional studies. Few obtained the highest quality scores. 106 risk factors were significantly related to the prevalence or incidence of caries. Conclusion There is a shortage of high quality studies using the optimum study design, i.e. a longitudinal study. The evidence suggests that children are most likely to develop caries if Streptococcus Mutans is acquired at an early age, although this may be partly compensated by other factors such as good oral hygiene and a non-cariogenic diet. Diet and oral hygiene may interact so that if there is a balance of 'good' habits by way of maintaining good plaque control and 'bad' habits by way of having a cariogenic diet, the development of caries may be controlled.
A systematic review of risk factors during first year of life for early childhood caries
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 2012
Background. Early childhood caries (ECC) describes dental caries affecting children aged 0-71 months. Current research suggests ECC has important aetiological bases during the first year of life. Gaps in knowledge about disease progression prevent the effective and early identification of 'at risk' children.
Factors Associated with Dental Caries Experience in 1YearOld Children
Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 2008
Objectives-Dental caries in early childhood is an important public health problem. Previous studies have examined risk factors, but they have focused on children during the later stages of the disease process. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors associated with caries in children aged 6 to 24 months as part of a cross-sectional analysis.