Effect of Ultrahigh Frequency Radiation Emitted from 2G Cell Phone on Developing Lens of Chick Embryo: A Histological Study (original) (raw)
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Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2017
Introduction: The increasing scientific evidence of various health hazards on exposure of Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) emitted from both the cell phones and base stations have caused significant media attention and public discussion in recent years. The mechanism of interaction of RF fields with developing tissues of children and fetuses may be different from that of adults due to their smaller physical size and variation in tissue electromagnetic properties. The present study may provide an insight into the basic mechanisms by which RF fields interact with developing tissues in an embryo. Aim: To evaluate the possible tissue and DNA damage in developing liver of chick embryo following chronic exposure to Ultra-High Frequency/Radiofrequency Radiation (UHF/RFR) emitted from 2G and 3G cell phone.
Effect of Emf Radiation Generated by Cell Phones on Histological Aspects of Liver of Chick Embryo
2016
INTRODUCTON With advancement of technology from the last two decades, use of electronic gadgets had been increas ed. Its constant use is also leading into increase in continuous exposure to the electromagnetic radiatio ns. We are continuously floating in the pool of electromagnetic field due to wireless telecommunications. As people get constantly expose d every day to electromagnetic fields, it is the matt er of great debate whether they can be hazardous to human health. Today, mobile phone being an essential part of ABSTRACT The possible hazardous effects of radiations emitte d from mobile phone have put major public concern t oday. Some studies concluded that these radiations caused damage to DN A, hormonal, metabolic changes, developmental delay , increased mortality rate, free radical production, and immunological ef fects while other studies have controversial effect s and showed that electromagnetic field radiations had some beneficia l effects also. This study was designed t...
Effect of Electromagnetic Mobile Radiation on Chick Embryo Development
Life Science Journal, 2012
The widespread use of mobile phones in the last decade has increased the concern about its potential effects on human body. This research aims to study the effect of electromagnetic waves emitted from mobile phones on chick embryos development. Fertile hen eggs were divided into two groups control and treated group. Both groups were incubated at 37.5 •C. The treated group had an active mobile device (900MHz-1800MHz) during incubation. The mobile was rang 4 times daily for 15 minutes each time. Embryos were extracted on days 7, 10, and 14 of incubation. Congenital malformations were seen in treated embryos (bigger embryos, subcutaneous bleeding, and brain malformation) compared to the controls. Also increased eye growth in 7 and 10 days, significant increase in neural retina thickness in all studied ages, significant increase in retina lipid peroxidase and significant decrease in glutathione level in 10 and 14 days treated chick embryo retina compared to the controls. It was concluded that mobile phone electromagnetic waves (900MHz-1800MHz) might induce embryonic eye growth till 10 days of incubation, and then it might cause brain malformation with reduced body and eye growth in chick embryo.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
The possible adverse effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) emitted from mobile phones present a major public concern today. Some studies indicate EMFs effects on genes, free radical production, immunological and carcinogenic effects. On the other hand there are studies which do not support the hypothesis of any biological impacts of EMFs. This study was designed to observe the effects of mobile phone induced EMFs on survival and general growth and development of chick embryo, investigating dose-response relationship if any. This was an experimental study in which developing chick embryos were exposed to different doses of mobile phone induced EMFs. For this purpose a mobile phone was placed in the incubator in the centre of fertilised eggs in silent ringing mode and was…
Effects of Cell Phone Radiations on the Metanephros Tubules in a Chick Embryo Model
2016
Objective: To determine the histomorphogical effects of radiations from conventional and advanced mobile phones on the developing kidney of chick embryo. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Army Medical College, (NUST), Rawalpindi, Pakistan from January 30, 2012 to January 30, 2013. Materials and Methods: Fifty fertilized, zero day, off white colored eggs of Fayoumi breed were selected according to inclusion criteria. Two groups II and IV were exposed to conventional mobile phone radiations, and two groups III and V were exposed to advanced mobile phone radiations for 15 and 30 minutes per 24 hours respectively. Group I was the control. The data was analyzed by SPSS 17 and, ANOVA test was applied to determine statistical significance. Results: The mean proximal and distal tubular diameters were decreased in the experimental groups. The mean proximal tubular diameter decreased significantly when comparing group I with groups...
Derangement of chick embryo retinal differentiation caused by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
Congenital Anomalies, 2009
The possible adverse effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted from mobile phones present a major public concern. Biological electrical activities of the human body are vulnerable to interference from oscillatory aspects of EMF, which affect fundamental cellular activities, in particular, the highly active development process of embryos. Some studies highlight the possible health hazards of EMF, while others contest the hypothesis of biological impact of EMF. The present study was designed to observe the histomorphological effects of EMF emitted by a mobile phone on the retinae of developing chicken embryos. Fertilized chicken eggs were exposed to a ringing mobile set on silent tone placed in the incubator at different ages of development. After exposure for the scheduled duration the retinae of the embryos were dissected out and processed for histological examination. The control and experimental embryos were statistically compared for retinal thickness and epithelial pigmentation grades. Contrasting effects of EMF on the retinal histomorphology were noticed, depending on the duration of exposure. The embryos exposed for 10 post-incubation days exhibited decreased retinal growth and mild pigmentation of the epithelium. Growth retardation reallocated to growth enhancement on increasing EMF exposure for 15 post-incubation days, with a shift of pigmentation grade from mild to intense. We conclude that EMF emitted by a mobile phone cause derangement of chicken embryo retinal differentiation.
Cell Phone Radiation and Genomic Damage: In Vitro Exposure and Assessment
The health concerns have been raised following the enormous increase in the use of wireless mobile telephones throughout the world. According to the International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC), a part of World Health Organization (WHO) has designated cell phone radiation i.e. non-ionizing radiofrequency radiation as " Possible Human Carcinogen " [Class 2B] in May, 2011. It is believed that the effect is caused because of the electromagnetic frequency generated by the radio frequency which couples with the human tissues which results in induced electric and magnetic fields that cause field distribution in the body. Thus, human body acts as an antenna that receives electromagnetic waves externally. Therefore, effect of radiofrequency radiation needs to be studied by examining the target tissues that are directly exposed to electromagnetic waves i.e. brain tissue, circulating blood, and facial muscles. In this study, circulating blood was taken as target tissue and subjected to cell phone radiation in vitro and following short term cultures metaphase chromosomes were analyzed for frequency of breakage. The results indicated significant increase in chromosomal damage at higher power level and longer exposure times.
Environmental Toxicology, 2008
Recently we demonstrated that 835-MHz radiofrequency radiation electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) neither affected the reverse mutation frequency nor accelerated DNA degradation in vitro. Here, two kinds of cytogenetic endpoints were further investigated on mammalian cells exposed to 835-MHz RF-EMF (the most widely used communication frequency band in Korean CDMA mobile phone networks) alone and in combination with model clastogens: in vitro alkaline comet assay and in vitro chromosome aberration (CA) test. No direct cytogenetic effect of 835-MHz RF-EMF was found in the in vitro CA test. The combined exposure of the cells to RF-EMF in the presence of ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) revealed a weak and insignificant cytogenetic effect when compared to cells exposed to EMS alone in CA test. Also, the comet assay results to evaluate the ability of RF-EMF alone to damage DNA were nearly negative, although showing a small increase in tail moment. However, the applied RF-EMF had potentiation effect in comet assay when administered in combination with model clastogens (cyclophosphamide or 4nitroquinoline 1-oxide). Thus, our results imply that we cannot confidently exclude any possibility of an increased risk of genetic damage, with important implications for the possible health effects of exposure to 835-MHz electromagnetic fields.
Methodology of Studying Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation on Organisms: Technical Aspects
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The negative influence of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on organisms, including humans, has been discussed widely in recent years. This paper deals with the methodology of examining possible harmful effects of mobile phone radiation, focusing on in vivo and in vitro laboratory methods of investigation and evaluation and their main problems and difficulties. Basic experimental parameters are summarized and discussed, and recent large studies are also mentioned. For the laboratory experiments, accurate setting and description of dosimetry are essential; therefore, we give recommendations for the technical parameters of the experiments, especially for a well-defined source of radiation by Software Defined Radio.