Distribution of blood antigens A, B, and D in the population of bogotá (analysis of 30,000 samples) (original) (raw)
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Human Blood Group Systems and Haemoglobinopathies, 2019
The ABO and Rhesus blood group systems are the most clinically relevant blood group systems from haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) and haemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) perspectives. Other clinically relevant blood group systems include the Kell, Duffy, Kidd and MNSs blood group systems. The clinical relevance of a blood group system depends on the ability of antibodies of the system to cause HDFN and HTR. This chapter discusses the distribution of ABO, Rhesus and other clinically relevant red cell antigens among Nigerians and implications for HDFN and HTR. There are several challenges associated with the management of Rhesus negative pregnancies, pregnancies associated with clinically significant alloantibodies, implementation of policy on routine antenatal anti-D prophylaxis (RAADP), management of Rhesus negative women that require termination of pregnancy (TOP), provision of antigen negative blood for certain patient groups and the management of pregnant and...
ABO and Rh Antigen Distribution Among Pregnant Women in South Western Uganda
Journal of Blood Medicine
ABO and Rh are the major blood group systems in Transfusion Medicine, the ABO system based on two red cell antigens (A, B) while the Rh has about 50 antigens of which five are highly clinically significant (D, C, c, E, e). These vary among races and ethnic groups. Blood type phenotype incompatibility between mother and fetus may result in antigen mismatch, triggering alloimmunization, and thus causing hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR), which results in hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn (HDFN). This study aimed to determine the frequencies of ABO and rhesus blood group antigen in the pregnant women in South Western Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 1369 pregnant women who were recruited and provided consent to participate during their regular antenatal visits between August 2020 and July 2021. Four milliliters (4mL) of EDTA-anti-coagulated blood samples were collected and ABO and Rh-blood grouping including Rh antigen screening was done using the agglutination technology comprised of glass beads and reagent contained in a column of the Ortho Biovue ID Micro Typing System (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, New Jersey, USA). The Rh antigen phenotypes and frequencies were then determined. Results: There was percentage distribution of 99.8%, c 99.3%, D 94.3%, C 19.2% and E 15.9%, with Rh cDe/cDe (65.1%) being the most common phenotype followed by cDe/CDe (15%), cDe/cDE (10.8%) and cDE/cDE 0.1% least common. The ABO grouping frequency was obtained as O 49.4%, A 29.5%, B 17.0% and AB 4.1%, with D positivity at 94.3%. Discussion: Population genetic variations result in varied expressions of red cell antigens that may have clinical complications. Knowledge of the presence of these Rh antigen distributions and phenotype frequencies during pregnancy help in rational management of the pregnancy, alloimmunization and better approach to safe blood transfusion.
Blood Groups Distribution and Gene Diversity of the ABO and Rh (D)Lociin the Mexican Population
BioMed Research International, 2018
Objective. To determine the frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh (D) antigens and, additionally, investigate gene diversity and the structure of Mexican populations. Materials and Methods. Blood groups were tested in 271,164 subjects from 2014 to 2016. The ABO blood group was determined by agglutination using the antibodies anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-D for the Rh factor, respectively. Results. The overall distribution of ABO and Rh (D) groups in the population studied was as follows: O: 61.82%; A: 27.44%; B: 8.93%; and AB: 1.81%. For the Rh group, 95.58% of people were Rh (D), and 4.42% were Rh (d). Different distributions of blood groups across regions were found; additionally, genetic analysis revealed that the and allele showed an increasing trend from the north to the center, while the and allele tended to increase from the center to the north. Also, we found more gene diversity in both loci in the north compared with the center, suggesting population structure in Mexico. Conclusion. This work could help health institutions to identify where they can obtain blood products necessary for medical interventions. Moreover, this piece of information contributes to the knowledge of the genetic structure of the Mexican populations which could have significant implications in different fields of biomedicine.
Blood Group Antigen Matching Influence on Gestational Outcomes (AMIGO) study
Transfusion, 2017
Red blood cell (RBC) antigen matching policies to prevent alloimmunization in females of childbearing potential (FCP) vary between centers. To inform transfusion centers responsible for making decisions about matching policies for FCPs, the causal stimulus of the antibodies implicated in severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) must be determined. We conducted a multinational retrospective study of women with offspring affected by severe HDFN requiring neonatal exchange transfusion and/or intrauterine transfusion. Mothers treated at centers that provide extended antigen-negative RBCs (MATCH, five centers) and those that do not (NoMATCH, nine centers) were compared. A total of 293 mothers had at least one affected pregnancy: 179 at MATCH centers and 114 at NoMATCH centers. Most alloimmunization (83%) was attributed to previous pregnancy: 3% to transfusion (two cases at MATCH, six at NoMATCH centers) and 14% undetermined (both antecedent transfusion and pregnancy). Onl...
Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 2016
The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of alleles and genotypes of the blood group systems Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, and Diego in 251 regular blood donors registered in the hemotherapy unit of the Southwestern region of Parana, Southern Brazil. The frequencies were obtained by direct counting on a spreadsheet program and statistical analyses were conducted in order to compare them with other Brazilian populations using Chi-square with Yates correction on OpenEpi software. The frequencies of RHD* negative, RHCE*c/c and RHCE*e/e were higher than expected for the Caucasian population. A difference was also observed for FY alleles, FY*01/FY*01 genotype and FY*02N.01-67T/C (GATA Box mutation). Two homozygous individuals were defined as a low frequency phenotype K+k-(KEL*01.01/KEL*01.01) and, for Diego blood group system the rare DI*01 allele was found in ten blood donors, of which one was DI*01/DI* 01 (0.4%). The allele and genotype frequencies of Kidd blood group system were similar to expected to Caucasians. The results showed the direction in which to choose donors, the importance of extended genotyping in adequate blood screening and the existence of rare genotypes in Brazilian regular blood donors.
This study investigated the prevalence of Rhesus D antigens among pregnant women in Sokoto, North Western, Nigeria. A total of 155 blood samples from pregnant women aged 18 to 45 years and mean age 27.19 ± 4.70 years attending ANC in UDUTH Sokoto were tested for Rh(D) phenotype using Lorne Laboratories of UK Anti-D reagent. Out of 155 subjects tested, 144 (92.9%) were Rh (D) positive while 11(7.1%) were Rhesus (D) negative. The prevalence of Rh D positive phenotype was highest among the Yoruba ethnic group (100%) and lowest among the Ibo ethnic group (83.3%). The prevalence of Rh D negative phenotype was highest among the Hausa ethnic group (42.5%) and lowest among the Yoruba ethnic group (0%). Antibodies to Rhesus D antigens can cause haemolytic disease of the foetus new-born and haemolytic transfusion reaction. Pregnant women should be tested routinely for their Rhesus D phenotypes as well as for the presence of clinically significant alloantibodies during pregnancy. Facilities for the demonstration of FMH should be made available in laboratories in Nigeria. Healthcare staff looking after Rh (D) negative women should be trained on anti-D prophylaxis. Universal access to prophylactic anti-D should be provided for all Rh (D) negative women. Rh (D) negative women who are to have a termination of pregnancy or who suffer from miscarriages or any other potentially sensitizing events during pregnancy should be offered immunoglobin D as a prophylactic measure to prevent alloimmunization.
Bali Medical Journal
Background: Among all blood group systems and antigens, ABO and D antigens of the Rh blood group system are of primary importance, hence included in routine blood grouping and transfusion. Other blood group systems and antigens that are important in multiparous women, multi-transfused patients and hemolytic disease of newborn are Kell, Rh, Duffy, and Kidd. Aims and Objectives: To know the pattern of ABO, RhD and other clinically significant major antigens of Rh, Kell, Duffy and Kidd blood group systems as well as evaluation of phenotypes, genotypes and gene frequency of related antigens among blood donors in Gwalior region. Materials and methods: A prospective study was carried out at the Blood Bank from July 2017 to June 2019. During the study period 48500 blood donors were included for ABO and RhD grouping, Out of them 1000 randomly selected donor samples were processed for complete Rh, Kell, Duffy and Kidd blood grouping. Result: ABO group pattern was; A-22.56%, B-36.52%, AB-9.8% and O-31.12 %, while RhD status was RhD+ 90.99% and RhD-9.01%. Prevalence of Rh phenotypes was DCCee 43%, DCcee 33%, DCcEe 10%, dccee 6.5%, DccEe 4.5%, Dccee 1%, DCCEe 0.3% and dccEe 0.2%. Kell phenotype was K-k+ 95.5%, K+k+ 4.5%, while K+ k-and Kk-phenotypes were not encountered in this study. Duffy phenotypes were Fy a + Fy b + 47.5%, Fy a + Fy b-35%, Fy a-Fy b +17% and Fy a-Fy b-0.5%. Kidd phenotype was Jk a + Jk b-44.5 %, Jk a-Jk b-26.5%, Jk a + Jk b + 18% and Jk a-Jk b + 11%. Conclusion: Present study is helpful in the transfusion management of multiparous women and multi-transfused patients. Extended blood grouping is the need of future to ensure safe blood transfusion practices.
Frequency of RHD variants in Brazilian blood donors from Parana State, Southern Brazil
Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 2016
The Rh blood group system is one of the most complex, polymorphic and immunogenic blood group systems in humans. Some individuals produce a weak or a partial D as a result of RHD and RHCE gene conversion events and RHD point mutations. Because the incidence of RHD variants differs considerably among ethnic groups, the objective of this study was to establish the frequency of blood donors carrying some weak and partial RHD, at the molecular level, in 400 blood donors from the North/Northwest of the state of Parana, Southern Brazil. Another 30 blood donors whose RhD typing results in serology were inconclusive were also included. In this mixed Brazilian population, the most frequent weak D types were 1, 4, 3 and 2 (frequencies of 4.35%, 2.32%, 1.46% and 0.29%, respectively; total of 8.41%) and partial D was found in 2.90% of samples carrying the RHD gene. For samples with inconclusive RhD typing, 53.33% of them presented weak and partial RHD, and 43.75% had concomitantly more than one RHD variant. Our results demonstrate the presence of Caucasian and African D variants. This knowledge can contribute to the safety of transfusion strategies in this ethnic admixture population.
An Unusual Case of Hemolytic Disease of Newborn Due to ABO and Rh Isoimmunization
Cureus, 2020
Anti-D is the most common cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) in the developing countries even after the introduction of anti-D immunoprophylaxis. Still, ABO incompatibility and other alloantibodies against minor blood group antigens have emerged as significant causes of HDN. Moreover, ABO incompatibility acts as a protective barrier to the expression of Rh isoimmunization. Here we are presenting a case of HDN where both Rh and ABO incompatibility co-existed with their manifestations in a B positive neonate born to an O positive mother. Use of appropriate elution technique can aid in the diagnosis of such cases. Hence, antenatal screening of all mothers irrespective of their Rh D status can help in early diagnosis and proper management that can decrease the neonatal morbidity and mortality.