Assessment of the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in the plaque and gingiva of patients with fixed and removable orthodontic appliance (original) (raw)
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The Angle Orthodontist, 2011
Objective: To examine periodontal changes and the relative quantity of subgingival Porphyromonas gingivalis during orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The study subjects were recruited consecutively among malocclusion patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Group A comprised 28 subjects (17.6 6 5.68 years of age) at the beginning of orthodontic treatment, and group B comprised 20 subjects (17.8 6 4.49 years of age) at the end of orthodontic treatment. Plaque index (Pl.I), gingival index (GI), and probing pocket depth (PPD) were measured before and after appliance placement in group A and before and after appliance removal in group B. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify P. gingivalis in subgingival plaque at each time point. Results: There was a significant increase in Pl.I and GI during the first 3 months of appliance placement but a significant decrease in Pl.I, GI, and PPD during the first 6 months after appliance removal. The carriage and relative quantity of subgingival P. gingivalis were high at the end of orthodontic treatment, and they decreased significantly after appliance removal. The amount of subgingival P. gingivalis after appliance removal (for a period of 6 months) was higher than the amount measured before appliance placement. Conclusions: Fixed orthodontic treatment is conducive to dental plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. In our study, after removal of orthodontic appliances, periodontal health improved, and the carriage and amount of subgingival P. gingivalis decreased. Nevertheless, the amount of subgingival P. gingivalis remained high for 6 months after appliance removal, and this finding might imply a potential risk to periodontal health in certain patients.
Oral Microbial Prevalence of Periodontal Pathogens among Orthodontic Patients
International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Health, 2016
Background: Changes in the oral microbial flora are commonplace during orthodontic therapy, although some evidence suggests these alterations may extend for some time after. Although many studies have screened for changes in cariogenic pathogen levels, more evidence is accumulating to demonstrate significant changes among periodontal pathogens within these patients. Although several studies at this predominantly low-income, dental school-based Orthodontic clinic have screened for cariogenic pathogens-none to date have provided multiorganism screening for periodontal pathogens. Objective: This goal of this study was to complete a retrospective, cross-sectional study of saliva samples to screen for Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, and Porphyromonas gingivalis among orthodontic and non-orthodontic patients (n=125). Methods: Using previously collected saliva samples, DNA was isolated and screened using PCR using primers specific for each pathogen of interest. Differences in prevalence between groups (Orthodontic, non-Orthodontic) were measured using Chi-square analysis. Results: This analysis revealed the presence of these pathogens in nearly half of orthodontic patient samples and more than half of non-Orthodontic samples. These data also demonstrated females exhibited greater prevalence than males, while the overall prevalence among nonorthodontic samples was greater. This may be associated with higher average age, larger body mass index (BMI) and greater periodontal pocked depth (PPD) and decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) scores. Conclusion: These findings suggest the strong need to plan and implement a prospective study to determine the baseline prevalence of these pathogens among this patient population as they begin orthodontic therapy and how these levels change over time. This may provide more relevant clinical information for oral health scientists and local epidemiologists to determine the most vulnerable populations, as well as the best methods and timing for interventions to prevent poor oral health outcomes and long-term consequences associated with periodontal disease.
The aim of the study was to investigate the periodontal and microbiological status of patient undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: In this study, plaque samples were collected from 12 patients at baseline, four monthly visits during orthodontic treatment and at 30 days after removal of the appliance. A benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide (BANA) test was performed to identify the periodontal pathogens. Dark field microscopy was used to recognize the morphotypes. The Plaque Index and probing depths were assessed at each test interval to determine the hygiene and periodontal status of the patients. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey's test. Results: Significant increase in plaque score, probing depths, and BANA scores were found at each interval after placement of orthodontic appliances. The levels, however returned to baseline after removal of the appliances. Dark field microscopy confirmed increases in small spirochetes (8.5%), large spirochetes (2%), non-motile rods (8.5%), fusiforms (5.5%), and filaments (1%) with orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: Patients undergoing orthodontic therapy have an increase in plaque accumulation, probing depth, and microbial activity that may be associated with periodontal destruction. Thirty days after removal of the orthodontic appliance, the plaque score, probing depth, and BANA test score returned to almost baseline level.
Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 2016
According to last years' research, periodontopathogens may have a negative impact on treatment options in patients with periodontal lesions. However, not all infected sites suffer periodontal destructions, which can be explained on the assumption that only a limited number of pathogens present in a sufficient amount, are capable of affecting the periodontal tissue. Thermal cycling polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a new technique used for the identification and quantification of periodontopathogenic bacteria. The aim of our study was to confirm the presence of periodontal pathogens, and to evaluate the amount of microbacterial pathogens in the periodontal pockets of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment for a more predictable result.A total amount of 32 subgingival samples were collected from periodontal pockets ≥6 mm in 8 patients. Clinical examinations, periapical radiographs and periodontal screenings were performed. Only patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fi...
Periodontal aspects in orthodontics
2013
Introduction The demand for orthodontic treatment has been growing in the past few years, due to growing awareness and interest in general population for improving dental aesthetics and functionality. Adult orthodontics is increasing in popularity as it is becoming more feasible to move and improve teeth alignment, irrespective of the technique. Although a comprehensive orthodontic treatment cannot preclude the possibility of periodontal disease developing later, periodontal diagnosis and treatment can be a useful part of the overall treatment plan for a patient who could have periodontal involvement. The patient's ability to achieve and maintain good overall oral hygiene and prevent periodontal disease is fundamental while undergoing orthodontic treatment. The aim of our study was to demonstrate the presence of red complex bacteria in orthodontic patients and the usefulness of new diagnostic tests to control periodontal disease during orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods A total of 146 individuals participated to the study, 72 of them were adult orthodontic patients (age range:16-45 years, mean age: 27.3 years), and 74 constituted the control group homogeneous for age and sex. A single species of each patient is quantitatively analyzed with the real-time polymerase chain reaction, using the LABtest (LAB ® s.r.l, Ferrara, Italy). Results Prevalence of each red complex species is different among groups of patients with or without orthodontics appliances and has a high degree of statistical signi icance (Porphyromonas gingivalis, p = 5 x 10-6; Tannerella forsythia, p = 8 x 10-5; and Treponema denticola, p = 3 x 10-3). Conclusion Three bacterial species that constitute the red complex group-Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticolaare considered the main pathogens involved in periodontitis related to orthodontic therapy.
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 2022
Introduction:The micro-flora of oral cavity is a myriad of micro-organism. Any infection of oral cavity leads to diseased condition which is a transitional transformation of the micro-organism in a specific paradigm depending upon the diseased condition. Periodontitis is one of the predominant chronic diseases which is a multifactorial infection. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key etiological agent in causing periodontitis. To study the predominance of these bacteria in the diseased condition is important to detect, quantify and to find its efficacy by comparing different methods for identification.Aim and Objectives:The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of P. gingivalis by anerobic culture and by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis and healthy individual and to compare efficacy of two methods.Materials and Methods:A total of 400 subjects were considered, and subgingival plaque was collected using paper points. Individual were equally divided into two groups: chronic periodontitis (200) and healthy individuals (200). Each plaque sample collected was divided into two aliquots of which the first aliquot was subjected for anerobic culture to isolate P. gingivalis. Phenotypical identification was done morphologically and biochemically further quantification of P. gingivalis was done by colony-forming unit. The second aliquot was subjected for DNA extraction and real-time PCR was conducted to detect and quantify P. gingivalis using specific primer.Results:Out of 400 samples, 73% showed detection of P. gingivalis by culture method and through reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), the detection was 75%. Individual detection of P. gingivalis by culture in chronic periodontitis was 89.5% and 54.4% in healthy individuals, while detection by RT-PCR was found to be 91.5% in chronic periodontitis and 58% in healthy individuals. However, comparison between two techniques in detection of P. gingivalis was statistically insignificant.Conclusion:When we compared RT-PCR with culture RT-PCR showed higher positivity. RT-PCR is more sensitive and requires less time to detect. However, in the present study, culture also showed good positivity, suggesting proper dilution and with extended incubation, the specificity of culture can be improved to a great extent.
Journal of Health and Dental Sciences, 2022
Comprehensive care of a patient from multidisciplinary periodontics and orthodontic is found in gingivitis cases with patients that use fixed orthodontics appliances. Periodontal pathogenic bacteria were initiated to dental plaque formation, followed by predisposing factors such as fixed orthodontic appliance, orthodontic movement, and bad oral hygiene. This case report describes a female patient (23 years old) who needs treatment at the anterior mandibular region. Clinical examination explained crowding anterior 32, 31, 41, 42 and applied bracket on each tooth. Pocket depth on the facial side was average 6-5 mm, accompanied by bleeding on probing. Periodontal approach for gingivitis used gingivectomy and gingivoplasty with blade number 15c to eliminate gingival pocket on crowding teeth at anterior mandibular region. Evaluation results in one week and one month after surgery showed healthy gingiva with an average probing depth of 3mm. Gingivectomy is a periodontal approach for gingi...