Energy Refurbishment of Serbian School Building Stock—A Typology Tool Methodology Development (original) (raw)

Improving energy efficiency of kindergartens in Serbia: Challenges and potentials

Thermal Science, 2020

Kindergartens are probably the very first public buildings we actively use in our lives. Therefore, they can be considered as the physical structures that are providing for the very important educational and social function. Additionally, they can also be considered as the specific learning tool for future generations where they can encounter the ideas of green and energy-efficient buildings. One of the results of the research project ?Energy efficiency in public buildings? has been formulated through the development of Serbian National Typology of Kindergartens which was conceived as a specific tool that can be used for improving this portion of building stock. The paper presents the methodology for identification of typical kindergarten buildings, covering various construction periods, building sizes and illustrates the type of analysis performed for model representatives. The potential for energy upgrades covering physical structure, installed technological systems, as well as ex...

Benchmarking heat consumption in educational buildings in the city of Kragujevac (Serbia)

2018

Educational buildings are buildings with special social importance and their energy consumption requires particular attention. Since the majority of educational buildings in Serbia were built between 1950-1990, with concrete frame, brick walls and poor thermal insulation, it can be concluded that these buildings have relatively high potential for thermal energy savings. In this paper, specific heat consumption of educational buildings (42 different institutions classified throughout educational levels) in the city of Kragujevac (Serbia) was analysed in order to determine their specific heat consumption (per heated floor area and per user) and to list the priorities for refurbishment. According to educational level, they were classified in: preschool buildings, elementary and high schools and faculties (university buildings). Data about heat energy consumption were collected during several heating seasons in order to minimize the influence of seasonal climate variations. Values of specific heat energy consumption of the buildings were benchmarked with data on specific heat consumption of schools from different European countries. In order to accomplish the tasks, authors introduced the concept of weather normalised specific heat consumption. Results of the performed analysis pointed out preschool and elementary school buildings as refurbishment priorities since their average specific heat consumption is the biggest (186 kWh/m 2 /a and 176 kWh/ m 2 /a, respectively). Besides, normalised specific heat consumptions of the educational buildings in Kragujevac are higher than in comparing countries and the potential for their energy efficiency improvement is significant.

Benchmarking Energy Efficiency of School Buildings

DAAAM Proceedings, 2018

Energy efficiency of primary and secondary schools in city of Sarajevo is analysed and assessed. Building stock is represented using the building matrix with typical building and typical heating system for characteristic construction periods. Buildings from construction period with highest portion of buildings and energy need for heating are chosen for detailed analysis. Annual energy need for heating for each building is calculated in line with BAS EN ISO 13790 and compared with limiting values of specific, annual energy need for heating for new buildings. Results have shown that analysed category has energy saving potential higher than 77 %. Energy efficiency improvement strategy included implementation of three standard architectural and construction refurbishment measures on buildings envelope. Corresponding energy and energy cost savings are calculated. Linear combination method is used to define a model which could be used for prediction of total investment benefit (total energy/energy cost savings per investment) for analysed category. Analysis is performed to target buildings for which refurbishment measures provide best combination of energy and/or energy cost savings. Results of buildings ranking, in analysed category, is shown. This information is of crucial importance for making the refurbishment strategy for targeted building stock.

Evaluation of energy efficiency measures applied in public buildings (schools & hospitals) in Serbia

Spatium, 2009

The Serbian Energy Efficiency Project 1 (SEEP1 - Design and Supervision Support for Implementation of the Energy Efficiency Improvements in Public Buildings in Serbia), funded by a credit from The World Bank, has involved the energy efficient refurbishment of 28 public buildings in Serbia (12 hospitals and 16 schools). The major goal of the project has been implementation of the energy efficiency improvements in public buildings in Serbia and the verification of the energy and cost savings as well as CO2 emission reductions achieved through implementation of the energy efficiency measures. Significant energy consumption savings have been achieved for all refurbished buildings with annual savings in the range of 15% to 63% and an average of 40% over entire project. Associated annual CO2 emission reductions vary between 15% to 64% with an average of 42%. The average specific space heating annual energy consumption for the hospitals monitored was ~339 kWh/m2 and has been reduced down t...

Impact of Energy Consumption on the EE Performance of School Buildings in Kosovo

2020

The Kosovo Energy Efficiency Project which includes design and supervision support for implementation of the Energy Efficiency Improvements in Public Buildings in Kosovo, funded by EU office in Kosovo, has involved the energy efficient refurbishment of 63 schools as part of public buildings in Kosovo. The major goal of the project has been implementation of the energy efficiency improvements in public buildings in Kosovo and the verification of the energy and cost savings as well as CO2 emission reductions achieved through implementation of the energy efficiency measures. This activity is in line with the Kosovo Education Strategic Plan (KESP) 2011 -2016 (1) which provides an important tool to make the education system more qualitative improving school infrastructure. The strategic priorities, issues that KESP addresses, and corresponds with the EU concepts of implementation of Energy Efficiency Measures in schools, and with the international experience and literature (7) on aspects...

Unveiling the existing condition and energy use in Hellenic school buildings

Energy and Buildings, 2021

This work exploits available data from energy audits of about 350 Hellenic school buildings from the national electronic repository that have been performed for issuing energy performance certificates The average construction characteristics of the building’s envelope and technical characteristics of the electromechanical installations are defined in order to gain a better understanding of the existing condition of school buildings. The resulting final and primary energy use intensities are calculated, as well as the respective energy ratings. Building envelopes are not thermally insulated or partly insulated, and the prevailing central heating systems are oil-fired boilers. Schools are commonly ranked at energy class-D, with average energy use intensity 98.8 kWh/m2 for final and 158.9 kWh/m2 for primary energy. Generally, space heating is the most significant service, followed by lighting and space cooling. In addition, available data on actual energy use of the buildings is analysed and used to generate empirical correction factors that relate the calculated energy consumption with the actual energy use. On average, actual thermal energy use is about twenty percent higher than calculated, while the actual electricity consumption is about half of the calculated value.

Improving energy efficiency in existing school building: the case study of Lecco

2017

The paper analyse a school buildings stock of Lecco Municipality defining a methodology for cost-benefit analysis for different renovation scenarios. The method represent replicable guidelines useful to the Public Administration in terms of financial planning and intervention priority. The analysis estimated an overall cost for the building stock renovation equal to € 62.971.530,0 with an investment per student equal to € 5.060,0. Existing school buildings energy retrofit is one of the most sensitive current issues concerning the Italian public property. The presented research analyse 38 school buildings of Lecco Municipality with different educational level, age of construction and typological design. The methodology developed allows dividing the sampled schools in homogeneous clusters, each one represented by a reference building, used as base case for cost/benefit analysis. The present work investigates optimal energy retrofit strategies to be implemented from both an economic an...

Field study on the energy consumption of school buildings in Luxembourg

Energy and Buildings, 2014

Buildings account for 40% of total energy consumption and emit 35% of the total CO2 in the EU and there is consequently an enormous energy saving potential. Therefore the EU-directive 2002/91/EU [1] requires from all EU Member States to save energy in this sector. Hence, the drive to reduce the energy consumption of buildings represents an essential component of environmental protection efforts. Furthermore, the new directive 2010/31/EU [2] requires that the Member States tighten national standards and draw up national plans to increase the number of 'nearly zero-energy buildings'. Well planned energy-saving strategies presume knowledge of specific characteristics of the current national building stock. Therefore, the implementation of process to support systematic data collection, classification and analysis of the energy consumptions of buildings will become increasingly important during the coming years.