Rice husk as a fibre in composites: A review (original) (raw)
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Rice Husk Filled Polymer Composites
International Journal of Polymer Science, 2015
Natural fibers from agricultural wastes are finding their importance in the polymer industry due to the many advantages such as their light weight, low cost and being environmentally friendly. Rice husk (RH) is a natural sheath that forms around rice grains during their growth. As a type of natural fiber obtained from agroindustrial waste, RH can be used as filler in composites materials in various polymer matrices. This review paper is aimed at highlighting previous works of RH filled polymer composites to provide information for applications and further research in this area. Based on the information gathered, application of RH filled composites as alternative materials in building and construction is highly plausible with both light weight and low cost being their main driving forces. However, further investigations on physical and chemical treatment to further improve the interfacial adhesion with polymeric matrix are needed as fiber-polymer interaction is crucial in determining the final composite properties. Better understanding on how the used polymer blends as the matrix and secondary fillers may affect the properties would provide interesting areas to be explored.
Volume 3 of 2, July , 2022
This paper reports a compressive study on the utilization of rice husk (RH) as an important agro waste and reinforcement for composites fabrication. It also reports in details, a review of the physical and mechanical properties of RH composites and it intensively highlighted the knowledge gaps that need to be filled in the respective research areas. Furthermore, it discusses the potential of RH composites to be used in photonics, construction materials, and automotive and furniture applications, based on their strength and thermal characteristics. It also revealed that, extensive efforts can make rice husk a material for sustainable development since it has the potential to reduce greenhouse emissions, reduces material costs and abundantly affordable. Keywords: Rice Husk, Composites, Matrix, Reinforcement
Tensile Properties Characterization of Rice Husk Fibre Reinforced Bio-Composite
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
Engineering materials having two or more different physical or chemical properties make co mposites. In recent years natural fibres from agricultural waste have received more attraction as they offer number of advantages over traditional synthetic fibres. The proposed study has great use of agricultural waste which can be recycled easily and is environmental friendly also. A bio-co mposite reinforced with rice husk, rice husk particulate and mixtu re of husk and particulate i.e. hybrid in epo xy resin has been fabricated. The decrease in Ultimate Tensile Strength, Young's Modulus and % Elongation was observed with increase in wt. %. U ltimate Tensile Strength, Young's Modulus and % Elongation was recorded 66.5 MPa, 616.46 MPa and 10.6% respectively at 10%wt of rice husk particle reinforced co mposite.
Krissanti Arnis Mechanical Properties of Rice Husks Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites
Indonesia as a tropical agricultural country has great potential to develop and utilize fiber derived from agricultural waste. Rice husks are an important by-product of rice milling process that can be used as reinforcement in composite products. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanical properties of rice husks fiber polyester composites. Composites were produced with unsaturated polyester resin as the matrix and rice husks as fiber. The matrix type is polyester Yukalac 157 BQTN, and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide as catalyst. Composites were made by hand lay-up techniques, with the variation of fiber weight fraction 20, 30, 40 and 50%. Tensile test specimens were made according to the ASTM D3039, and flexural test specimens according to the ASTM D790M. The results showed that the tensile and flexural strength of the composites increased when the fiber weight fraction increased.
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014
In this study, the physical properties of thermoplastic composites manufactured from linear medium density polyethylene (LMDPE), rice husk (RH) and maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) were evaluated. Composites were manufactured with RH loadings of 15 wt%, 30 wt% and 50 wt% with 1 wt% of MAPE to investigate the effect of RH loading on the physical properties (water absorption and thickness swelling) of the composites. The results show that the water absorption and the corresponding thickness swelling increased with an increase in RH loading. Further manufacturing was carried out with 50 wt% of RH and 1wt%, 3.5 wt% and 6 wt% of MAPE to evaluate the effects of interfacial modification on the physical properties of the composites. The results show that the composites with 3.5 wt% of MAPE had least water absorption and the corresponding thickness swelling, whereas the composites having 1 wt% of MAPE had maximum water absorption and the thickness swelling. It can be concluded from these...
Chemical, morphological, and mechanical analysis of rice husk/post-consumer polyethylene composites
Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing, 2010
Natural fibers are widely used as plastic composite material reinforcements. In this work, composites of postconsumer high-density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with sisal fibers were prepared. PE and sisal fibers were chemically modified to improve their compatibilities, try to increase the hydrophobic character of the sisal fiber and hydrophilic character HDPE. Sisal was mercerized with a NaOH solution and acetylated and the PE was oxidized with KMnO4 solution. The chemically modified fibers were characterized by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ( 13 C NMR). The composites were prepared by extrusion of modified and unmodified materials containing either 5 or 10 wt% fibers. The morphology of the obtained materials was evaluated by SEM. The fiber chemical modification improves it adhesion with matrix, but not benefit were obtained with HDPE oxidation. Flexural and impact tests demonstrated that the composites prepared with modified sisal fibers and unmodified PE present improved mechanical performance compared to pure PE.
Utilization of Rice Husk as Reinforcement in Plastic Composites Fabrication- A Review
American journal of materials synthesis and processing, 2016
This report is based on the utilization of rice husk as reinforcement for plastic composites. Synthetic plastic composites are growing increasingly important as they are been used in almost all areas of life as far as the industry is concerned, this has led to its price escalation, environmental pollution and being mostly by-products of petroleum, these materials are non-renewable. Overcoming these problems gave the motivation for this work; hence this study tends to look at rice husk as a potential reinforcement for plastic composite fabrication by analysing its properties, uses, application as well as the process involved.
Experimental Investigation of Tensile Property of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites
IJREAM, 2018
The proposed research work is dedicated in the development of rice husk reinforced polymer composites. Here chemically treated and untreated fibers are mixed separately with matrix material (polyester, vinyl ester & epoxy) and by using hand lay-up technique, these reinforced composite material is moulded in to box shape. The specimens are prepared in different volume percentage of rice husk particulates and by using three different polymer resins (polyester, epoxy and vinyl ester). With this study we come to know the compatibility of rice husk particulates with various polymer resins and significance of reinforcement & matrix in the mechanical property of the composite.
Chemical treatments of rice husk filler and jute fiber for the use in green composites
Fibers and Polymers, 2015
The development of green composites using different natural fiber reinforcements is an area of active research to reduce the environmental footprint. These composites have serious limitations with high water absorption and reduced mechanical strength. The objective of this work is to develop polymeric green composite form natural reinforcements-jute and rice husk, with improved water resistance and flexural characteristics. Rice husk and jute mat were chemically treated with acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide. The effective treatment conditions such as treatment temperature, time and concentration of the chemical to minimize water absorption, were determined. The effective acrylic acid concentration, temperature and time for acrylic treatment process were 10 volume percent, 60 o C and 4 hours for rice husk and 10 volume percent, 90 o C and 6 hours for jute mat respectively. The flexural properties were also reported for the composites. The surface chemistry, surface morphology and composition (hydroxyl, cellulose and hemicelluloses content) of the treated and untreated natural reinforcements were also analysed. It was observed that the acrylic treatment reduced the water absorption of the composites significantly with marginal reduction on mechanical property. Alkali treatment (using sodium hydroxide) improved the flexural strength of the rice husk reinforced composite, however it exhibits an adverse effect on water resistance properties.
Chemical and physical modifications of rice husks for use as composite panels
Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing, 2007
Modifications of rice husks surfaces by steam and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were carried out in order to study the effects of these on the surface functional groups properties and performances of the composite panels bonded with phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin. Comparison was made between untreated and ground rice husks. The removal of carbonyl and silica groups as observed by ATR-FTIR improved the rice husk-resin interfacial bonding as revealed by an increase in the modulus of elasticity to 2.76 ± 0.28 GPa, which is above the minimum value of 2.1 GPa recommended in EN 312-3 standard. On the other hand, steam treatment did not lead to any change in the outer surface chemical functional groups. Still, an increase in the mechanical properties of the composite with increase in steam temperature was observed. This showed that other mechanisms than changes in the surface chemical groups led to improved mechanical properties. TGA thermographs of unmodified and NaOH treated rice husks indicated that untreated rice husks exhibited higher thermal stability compared to rice husks treated with NaOH. The decrease in thermal stability of NaOH treated rice husks is an indication of possible degradation of rice husks by the concentrated NaOH used. This study has shown that the use of complementary testing techniques provides useful structure–property relationship in the understanding of the performance of materials.