Chemical and physical modifications of rice husks for use as composite panels (original) (raw)
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Volume 3 of 2, July , 2022
This paper reports a compressive study on the utilization of rice husk (RH) as an important agro waste and reinforcement for composites fabrication. It also reports in details, a review of the physical and mechanical properties of RH composites and it intensively highlighted the knowledge gaps that need to be filled in the respective research areas. Furthermore, it discusses the potential of RH composites to be used in photonics, construction materials, and automotive and furniture applications, based on their strength and thermal characteristics. It also revealed that, extensive efforts can make rice husk a material for sustainable development since it has the potential to reduce greenhouse emissions, reduces material costs and abundantly affordable. Keywords: Rice Husk, Composites, Matrix, Reinforcement
Rice husk as a fibre in composites: A review
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 2020
In the last decade due to ever growing environmental concerns, use of natural fibres as fibre materials has gained momentum and acceptance. Natural fibres provide advantage of being economical and environment friendly at the same time. Rice husk, an agricultural waste is being utilized as a natural fibre for development of bio-composites. Present paper attempts to understand the applicability of rice husk as a fibre with various polymers based on the recent research works. It also throws light on various modification techniques that can further enhance the associated mechanical properties by altering the chemical and physical properties of husk. The paper may assist in understanding the phenomenon associated in manufacture of rice husk based bio-composite and provide a critical insight to the future applications of rice husk.
Chemical, morphological, and mechanical analysis of rice husk/post-consumer polyethylene composites
Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing, 2010
Natural fibers are widely used as plastic composite material reinforcements. In this work, composites of postconsumer high-density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with sisal fibers were prepared. PE and sisal fibers were chemically modified to improve their compatibilities, try to increase the hydrophobic character of the sisal fiber and hydrophilic character HDPE. Sisal was mercerized with a NaOH solution and acetylated and the PE was oxidized with KMnO4 solution. The chemically modified fibers were characterized by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ( 13 C NMR). The composites were prepared by extrusion of modified and unmodified materials containing either 5 or 10 wt% fibers. The morphology of the obtained materials was evaluated by SEM. The fiber chemical modification improves it adhesion with matrix, but not benefit were obtained with HDPE oxidation. Flexural and impact tests demonstrated that the composites prepared with modified sisal fibers and unmodified PE present improved mechanical performance compared to pure PE.
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014
In this study, the physical properties of thermoplastic composites manufactured from linear medium density polyethylene (LMDPE), rice husk (RH) and maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) were evaluated. Composites were manufactured with RH loadings of 15 wt%, 30 wt% and 50 wt% with 1 wt% of MAPE to investigate the effect of RH loading on the physical properties (water absorption and thickness swelling) of the composites. The results show that the water absorption and the corresponding thickness swelling increased with an increase in RH loading. Further manufacturing was carried out with 50 wt% of RH and 1wt%, 3.5 wt% and 6 wt% of MAPE to evaluate the effects of interfacial modification on the physical properties of the composites. The results show that the composites with 3.5 wt% of MAPE had least water absorption and the corresponding thickness swelling, whereas the composites having 1 wt% of MAPE had maximum water absorption and the thickness swelling. It can be concluded from these...
There are many studies has been done on the natural fibers of cellulose contents as a reinforcing material. Yet, the main challenge in the research of natural fiber is the poor compatibility. In this study, the surface modification techniques were performed on granular size rice husk (RH) such as untreated, boiled and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated reinforced polypropylene (PP) was consolidated to improve the mechanical properties. An internal mixer machine is set for four different composites compositions and the samples produced by hot press machine. The specimens were analyzed by different techniques such as hardness test, impact test, tensile test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study shown that, the presence of NaOH indicates higher Young's modulus and hardness test value compared to boiled treated and untreated RH. While for the impact strength and tensile strength value shows untreated, boiled treated and NaOH treated PP/RH composite decreased when fiber loading increased. The morphological analysis was conducted to determine the effects of natural fiber bonding between the matrix materials after boiling and NaOH treatments for mechanical testing broken specimens.
Rice Husk Filled Polymer Composites
International Journal of Polymer Science, 2015
Natural fibers from agricultural wastes are finding their importance in the polymer industry due to the many advantages such as their light weight, low cost and being environmentally friendly. Rice husk (RH) is a natural sheath that forms around rice grains during their growth. As a type of natural fiber obtained from agroindustrial waste, RH can be used as filler in composites materials in various polymer matrices. This review paper is aimed at highlighting previous works of RH filled polymer composites to provide information for applications and further research in this area. Based on the information gathered, application of RH filled composites as alternative materials in building and construction is highly plausible with both light weight and low cost being their main driving forces. However, further investigations on physical and chemical treatment to further improve the interfacial adhesion with polymeric matrix are needed as fiber-polymer interaction is crucial in determining the final composite properties. Better understanding on how the used polymer blends as the matrix and secondary fillers may affect the properties would provide interesting areas to be explored.
Application of rice husk in the development of new composite boards
Rice husk waste is an abundantly accumulated agro-industrial waste product. Composites made from rice husks, expanded cork and recycled rubber granules. Weighted reduction in impact sound pressure level ranging from 20 dB to 27 dB. Thermal conductivity varying from 0.060 to 0.074 W/(m.°C). a b s t r a c t The main objective of the paper is to propose a new composite material incorporating rice husk. This paper reports an experimental study on the mechanical, thermal and acoustic performance of new composite boards made of rice husk waste intended for construction applications. In this study, rice husk was mixed with expanded cork granules or recycled rubber granules in 50/50 and 75/25 (weight percent) proportions. A TDI-based polyurethane pre-polymer was used as binder in 20% of the mass of the fillers. A sufficient number of small boards were produced to perform small-scale tests and assess properties such as compressive strength, thermal conductivity, dynamic stiffness, improvement in impact sound insulation , sound absorption and transmission loss. The results are very interesting, in particular: the thermal conductivity, at 10 °C, varies from k 10 = 60.0 mW/(m.K) to k 10 = 74.3 mW/(m.K); the weighted reduction of the impact sound pressure level, DL w , ranges from 20 dB to 27 dB; the noise reduction coefficient (NRC) ranges from 0.15 to 0.45, with maximum sound absorption coefficient of 0.96 for composite B1. These results suggest that optimized construction solutions based on these composite materials could improve the thermal and acoustic performance of buildings.
Preliminary Evaluation of Composite Panels Produced from Rice Husk and Recycled Polystyrene Material
Journal of Modern Materials, 2020
Rice husk particles categorised as fine (size ≤ 0.6 mm), and coarse (0.6 mm ≤ size ≤ 1.8 mm) were mixed with a binder obtained by recycling expanded polystyrene waste, to formulate composites. Formulation was carried out using different particles to binder ratios as follows: 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2). Fine particle composites were designated F1:1, F1:1.5 and F1:2, while the coarse particle composites were designated C1:1, C1:1.5 and C1:2. The composites were casted, and some physical properties such as: dry/cure time in air (72±4 h - 168±6 h), density (0.48±0.04 g/dm3 – 2.75±0.08 g/dm3), water absorption (2.24±0.46 % - 58.91±1.11 %) and thickness swelling (1.43±0.06 % – 22.65±1.23 %), flammability tests and SEM images of the composite panels obtained were evaluated. Results showed that: dry time and density increased, water absorption and thickness swelling decreased while flammability increased (ignition time decreased and propagation rate increased), as the amount of the recycled polystyre...
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2018
The effects of silane (3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane aqueous solution) treatment on the mechanical properties on rice husk particle board were investigated. Using phenol formaldehyde as the binder, the rice husks were treated at three different concentrations of silane (0.5 wt%, 2 wt%, 5 wt%) and untreated rice husk was set as control. The samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), 3-point bending test and water absorption behavior in accordance to ASTM1037. FTIR analysis was performed to verify the presence of the characteristic functional groups of untreated rice husk and silane treated husk. The results show that the mechanical properties were increased with silane treatment concentration. The swelling characteristics also improved as the concentration of silane increases less water were absorbed. Surface morphology of rice husk shows that the surface of the composites become rougher as the concentration of treatment was increased for better adhesion be...