Assessment of Heavy Metal Residues in Soil and Vegetables along Urban-peri-urban gradient of Lagos State Nigeria (original) (raw)

Concentration of Heavy Metals (Cd, Co, Cr, & Fe) in Soil and Edible Vegetables in Obudu Urban Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

Chemical Science International Journal

The soil and edible vegetable samples were collected from Obudu Urban Area of Cross River State and were digested and analyzed for the Cd, Co, Cr, and Fe (heavy metals) concentration using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) in the University of Calabar Laboratory. The eight vegetables considered for the study were Amaranthus spp., Corchorus olitorius, Murraya koenigii, Ocimum grattissimum, Solanum melongena, Talinum triangulare, Telferia occidentalis and Vernonia amygdalina. The results showed that the mean concentration of the metal in the soil in mgkg-1 ranged from (0.004-0.0048) and (0.005-0.046) in rainy and dry seasons respectively for Cd, (0.004-0.025) and (0.006-0.016) in rainy and dry season respectively for Cr, and (0.112-0.173) and (0.116-0.151) in rainy and dry season respectively for Fe. The concentration of Co was not detected in the soil or vegetables. The mean concentration accumulated by the vegetables and that present in the soil was in the order: Fe> Cd> Cr...

Heavy metals in vegetables collected from selected farm and market sites in Lagos, Nigeria

This study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals (copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)) in five vegetables viz; Cochorus olitorus (Jew’s mallow), Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter-leaf), Talimum triangulare (Water-leaf), Talifaria occidentalis (Flutted pumpkin) and Spinachcia oleracea (Spinach) and soil collected from selected farm and market sites in industrial, residential and commercial areas of Lagos state. The heavy metals present in the vegetables and soil were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results reveal that all the heavy metals were detected in both soil and vegetables from the various sites but at concentrations below the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) safe limit of 40, 60, 5, and 0.2mg/kg for copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) respectively in vegetables. Also, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the heavy metals found in vegetable...

Determination of some heavy metals in selected edible vegetables grown along River Yedzaram in Uba area Adamawa State, Nigeria

African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2014

The levels of some heavy metals were investigated in selected edible potions of the vegetables; Amarathus caudatus (Spinach) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (Rosella) are grown in Uba area along the Yedzaram River in North Eastern Adamawa State, Nigeria. All samples were randomly collected from two different gardens. The levels of the heavy metals, (Cu, Fe, Cd, Cr and Zn) were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) (BUK 210 model). In all the samples analyzed, Cd and Cr were not detected. The levels of heavy metals in Farm A for H. sabdariffa leaves ranges from Cu (30.00 ± 0.15 mg/kg to 31.00 ± 0.18 mg/kg), Fe (37.39 ± 0.02 mg/kg to 48.47 ± 0.10 mg/kg), Zn (13.00 ± 0.01 mg/kg to 25.50 ± 0.48 mg/kg), respectively. In Spinach, the results ranged from Cu (34.33 ± 0.42 mg/kg to 34.50 ± 0.05 mg/kg), Fe (31.72 ± 0.71 mg/kg to 43.33 ± 0.02 mg/kg), Zn (21.17 ± 0.14 mg/kg to 10.83 ± 0.17 mg/kg), respectively. The data were analyzed with t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the levels of the heavy metals in the vegetables obtained from Farms A and B. The order of the metal contamination in the vegetables was Fe > Cu > Zn in Farm A and Cu> Fe> Zn in Farm B. The elevated levels of metals in vegetables in the two gardens could be attributed to excessive usage of fertilizers and other agro-chemicals and of course the environmental factors of the areas. The results were however lower than the published threshold values considered toxic for mature plant tissue, except Fe which has higher values. The consumption of these vegetables as food may not pose possible health hazards to human at the time of the study.

Determination of Heavy Metals Concentration in Soil and Leafy Vegetables in Urban Expressway and Peri-urban Road Farms of Lagos State, Nigeria

Farmers have long considered urban agriculture as a panacea to urban food insecurity. However, growing food in cities is faced with many challenges like food contamination. Past studies on leafy vegetables focused on vegetables cultivated in urban centres. However, this paper aimed to determine and compare the level of heavy metals concentrations in soil and leafy vegetables in Urban Expressway Farms (UEF) and Peri-urban Road Farms (PRF) in Lagos, Nigeria. These two locations were purposefully selected. Soil Auger was used to drill holes to the required soil depth to collect soil samples. Sample of Amaranthus hybridus, Celosia argentea and Corchorus olitorius were collected using "envelope" principle. Pb, Cd and Mn residues in the samples were digested and determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The collected data were analysed using mean, standard deviation and Analysis of Variance. The mean pH value for UEF soil is 6.5 while PRF soil is 6.6. The highest Pb (0.93±0.06) was recorded in Celosia argentea at UEF. The highest mean concentration of Cd (0.51±0.11) was recorded in Amaranthus hybridus at UEF. The highest concentration for Mn was recorded in Amaranthus hybridus (0.98±0.02) at UEF. The concentrations of Pb in Celosia argentea at UEF 5 m from the expressway and Cd concentration in Amaranthus hybridus at 10 m from expressway were above the WHO/FAO permissible levels in vegetables. Level of heavy metal residue observed in soil and vegetables under this study were mostly influenced by the location of the farm-environment and not mainly the vegetable type. The relative concentrations of Pb and Cd in all the three leafy vegetables raise some serious environmental concerns and need to be monitored regularly to prevent consumption of contaminated leafy vegetables. Farmers are encouraged to cultivate in fields far away from expressway.

Concentration of Heavy Metals in Vegetables Cultivated around Dumpsites in Jimeta and Ngurore Areas, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2020

The study analyses the health risk assessment of the concentration of Iron, Lead, Copper, Chromium, and Cadmium heavy metals in vegetables grown near dumpsites of Jimeta and Ngurore areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Vegetables mainly Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were collected in triplicates and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Buck 210VGP (AAS). The result revealed that heavy metals detected in spinach at Jimeta dumpsite decreased in the following order: Fe (3.7 mg/kg) > Pb (0.18 mg/kg) > Cu (0.12 mg/kg) > Cr (0.07 mg/kg) > Cd (below limit of detection), compared to the metal concentration in spinach at Ngorure dumpsite with lower concentration of heavy metal which decreased in the order of: Fe (2.5 mg/kg) > Pb (0.16 mg/kg) > Cu (0.14 mg/kg) > Cr (0.02 mg/kg) > Cd (below limit of detection). Other result for Spinach in Jimeta decreased in the order Fe (3.31mg/kg) > Pb (0.2mg/kg) > Cu (0.11mg/kg) > Cr (0.0...

Analysis of Heavy Metals Found in Vegetables From Some Irrigated Gardens in Katsina, Daura and Funtua Metropolis, Katsina State, Nigeria

2017

This study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals cadmium (Cd)) chromium (Cr) (copper (Cu), iron (Fe) manganese (Mn) zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and in five vegetables viz; (Bitter-leaf), Cabbage, Cucumber, Lettuce and Spinach and soil collected from selected farm and market sites in industrial, residential and commercial areas of Lagos state. The heavy metals present in the vegetables were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results reveal that all the heavy metals were detected in all the vegetables from the various sites. Most of the concentrations are below the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) safe limit of 0.1 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 1.3 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, 6.61 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg for cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co) (Cu), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), and respectively in the vegetables. However the concentration of cobalt in spinach and lead in cabbage from Katsina ar...

Determination of the Level of Heavy Metals in Some Selected Vegetables from an Irrigated Farmland of Kudenda in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology , 2018

Heavy metal contamination of soil resulting from wastewater irrigation is a cause of serious concern due to the potential health risk of consuming contaminated produce. The use of wastewater for irrigation increases the contamination of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn etc) in the plants. In this study, an assessment is made on the impacts of wastewater irrigation on heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni and Zn) contamination on vegetables cultivated in an irrigated farmland of Kudenda in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. Samples of water, soil and some selected vegetables were collected and analysed for Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni and Zn using Buck scientific VGP 210 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The wastewater used for irrigation had the following concentration 0.006±0.003 µg/mL Cd, 0.002±0.001 µg/mL Cu, 0.002±0.001 µg/mL Mn, 0.002±0.001 µg/mL Zn, Original Research Article Sara et al.; AJEE, 7(3): 1-8, 2018; Article no.AJEE.39926 2 while Pb and Ni were below detectable limit (BDL). The level of heavy metals in the vegetables under study differs with vegetables species. Cd level in tomato, cabbage and garden egg is the same 0.01±0.00 μg/g, and the level in one of the soil sampling site is found to be 0.03±0.01. The level of heavy metal was higher in soil than in vegetables studied. Accumulation of heavy metals varied from vegetable to vegetable. The mean concentrations of all the heavy metals studied were below the internationally permissible limits set by FAO/WHO and USEPA.

Heavy Metal Contamination of Green Leafy Vegetables Cultivated in Residential Gardens in Enugu Urban, South East Nigeria

International Journal of Research in Informative Science Application & Techniques (IJRISAT), 2019

The accumulation of some essential (Cu, Mn and Zn) and toxic metals (Cd and Pb) in cultivated vegetablesTelfairia occidental is (fluted pumpkin), Talinum triangulare (water leaf), Amaranthus viridis (green vegetable), and Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) was investigated. The vegetables were cultivated in residential gardens in Enugu metropolis, the capital of Enugu State, South-East, Nigeria. Samples of these vegetables were randomly collected from three residential areas, dried, digested and analyzed for heavy metals using Buck 210VGP atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The relative abundance of the metals in the vegetables followed the sequence: Zn (2.28 mg/kg) > Mn (0.91 mg/kg) > Cu (0.45 mg/kg) > Pb (0.3 mg/kg) > Cd (0.05 mg/kg). The concentration levels of all the metals examined were within the FAO/WHO, Indian and the European Union (EU) recommended limits for metals in vegetables obtained from all the residential gardens. This implies that long term consumption...

Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Commonly Edible Vegetables available in Markets of Akure-South Local Government, Ondo State, Nigeria

Vegetables are considered vital given that they supply to humans vitamins, minerals, nutritional fiber, and phytochemicals. This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals in common vegetables, locally available in Akure South LGAs markets for consumers. Samples of vegetables belonging to Amaranthaceae, Malvaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Basellaceae families were procured from local markets of different areas of Akure south LGAs and analyzed for Cu, Pb, Fe, Zn and Mnby Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The results indicated that the trace metal content of Tel fariaoccidentalis, Corchorusolitorus, Amaranthushybridusand Abelmoschusesculentus from Oja Oba were higher than the other markets. Basellaalba purchased from Isikan possessed the highest metal content. Maximum concentration of Fe was found to be 1.93μg/g in Basellaalba, Zn 0.76 μg/g in Basella alba, Mn 1.12 μg/g in Basella alba, Cu 0.76μg/g in Telfairiaoccidentalis. The overall content of metals appeared to be within the limit laid down for safe human consumption.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels of Green Leafy Vegetables Sourced from Different Markets in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria

International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences, 2018

Vegetables are rich sources of vitamins, minerals, and fibers, and have beneficial anti-o xidative effects. Ingestion of vegetables containing heavy metals is one of the main routes through which these elements enter the human body and when the metals accumulate over t ime, they could cause an array of diseases. In this study we investigated the concentrations of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Cad miu m (Cd), Chro miu m (Cr), Manganese (Mn) and Iron (Fe) in five vegetables (Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, Talinum triangulare, Telfairia occidentalis, and Solanum marcrocarpon) that are frequently consumed by the inhabitants of Lokoja, a City in the North Central Region of Nigeria. The Vegetables were sourced fro m each of five different markets and Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to estimate the levels of the metals in them. The mean concentration for each heavy metal in the samples was calculated and compared with the permissible levels set by the World Health Organization (W HO). A ll the metals were detected in the vegetables (except Chro miu m) and their levels were found to be well below the WHO reco mmended limits for metals in vegetables. The low concentra tion of these metals in all the vegetables is an indication that these plants contribute less toxic effects of metals. This was an important result as human health is directly affected by the consumption of vegetables.