A Critical Review of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from the Bark of Woody Vascular Plants and Their Potential Biological Activity (original) (raw)
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Qualitative Characterization of Phytochemicals present in the Bark from some selected tree species
Plants have tremendous properties which are used in our day to day life. Majorly plant used as source of food, fabrics and medicine. Hence the identification of plants is very essential process. Generally, plants are identified by their primary structures of growth; such as leaves, flowers and fruits. In the absence of these organs bark is the only outermost region of the plants; through which identification of the particular plant can be identified. Bark is the secondary structure and which persist throughout the plant life. Bark is composed of various tissues which are incorporated with many phyto-chemicals which are photosynthetic products as well as bio products jointly known as photosynthates. Due to the presence of these photosynthates bark are used as medicine. Hence the preparation of data that includes information about phytochemical present in bark leads us to the new aspect towards bark for identification as well as pharmacological purpose.
PharmaNutrition, 2013
In this study, polyphenolic bark extracts obtained by hot water or ethanol extractions from six Canadian forest species: Picea mariana, Pinus banksania, Abies balsamea, Betula alleghaniensis, Populus tremuloides and Acer rubrum were analyzed to determine their polyphenol contents and their capacity to inhibit lipidic peroxidation and to scavenge reactive species involved in inflammatory diseases and skin aging: nitric oxide and singlet oxygen. The capacity of the studied bark extracts to inhibit tyrosinase and elastase, two key enzymes well-known to be involved in skin deterioration, was investigated taking into account that tyrosinase is also involved in the loss of nutritional value and the color change of certain foods while elastase may be responsible for several diseases, including gastrointestinal and pulmonary diseases. To determine their antimicrobial potential, these various bark extracts were tested against two non-pathogenic bacteria strains (E. coli and L. ivanovii). The results obtained in this study indicate that polyphenolic bark extracts from Canadian forest species, in particular those of Acer rubrum, Pinus banksania, Betula alleghaniensis and Picea mariana have a potential to act as anti-aging agents. Due to their antioxidant, anti-enzymatic and antimicrobial properties these extracts could be considered as potential candidates for the formulation of new nutraceuticals or skin-care products.
Phytochemical Analysis, 2010
Introduction -Polyphenolic phytochemicals in traditionally used medicinal plants act as powerful antioxidants, which aroused an increasing interest in their application in functional food development. Objective -The effect of extraction time (5 and 15 min) and hydrolysis on the qualitative and quantitative content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of six traditionally used medicinal plants (Melissa officinalis L., Thymus serpyllum L., Lavandula officinalis Miller, Rubus fruticosus L., Urtica dioica L., and Olea europea L.) were investigated.
2014
By-products constitute a rich but yet underutilized source of valuable components such as phenolics, which may be applied as ingredients in the food, feed, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Special attention is focused on their extraction from inexpensive or residual sources of the food and agricultural products. Potential sources for their exploitation are plant leaves as agricultural by-products. The rising interest in the substitution of synthetic food antioxidants and antimicrobial agents by natural ones has fostered research on plant sources and the screening of new materials for identifying new substances. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites of plants involved in their defence against various attacks such as oxidative damage and aggression by pathogens and also potential antimicrobial agents against various pathogens. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of plant leaves as a residual source as antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. Polyphenols...
Processes
Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (AC) was evaluated in extracts of bay, sage and thyme leaves, myrtle leaves and berries, and sea buckthorn berries obtained by conventional (CE) and advanced extraction techniques [ultrasound-assisted (UAE) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)] using 80% acetone (v/v) as extraction solvent. Extracts were analyzed for phenolic content using UPLC/ESI MS2 and AC by ORAC method. Results indicated the variations in the phenolic composition and concentrations among analyzed plant species and applied extraction methods. Flavonoids showed to be the predominant phenolic group represented by flavonols kaemferol-3-O-hexoside (182.58–321.45 mg 100−1 g dm) and quercetin-3-glucoside (253.05–315.67 mg/100 g dm) in bay leaves, by flavonol isorhamnetine-3-O-hexoside (27.76–45.16 mg/100 g dm) in sea buckthorn berries and by flavone luteolin-7-O-glucoside (470.27–781.78 mg/100 g dm) in sage leaves. Among the phenolic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids and their d...
Comparative Study of Phenolic Content of Some Plant Extracts
Banat's Journal of Biotechnology, 2012
The aim of the present study was to draw a comparative analysis of the content in flavones and polyphenols of the hydro alcoholic extracts obtained from two medicinal plants, namely artichoke (leaves) and respectively, licorice (root) according to the origin of the vegetal material and the method used in the preparation of the extracts. The plants used in the experiments are two indigenous medicinal plants belonging to wild and cultivated flora in Romania. Artichocke (Cynara scolymus) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) were purchased from three local companies trading medicinal plants: Plafar, Vitaplant and Franco Impex. It was evaluated the composition of the extracts in terms of the content of polyphenolic compounds expressed in caffeic acid and flavone compounds content expressed in rutin. Plant extracts were obtained by two different methods of preparation: ultrasonation and maceration with intermittent shaking.
Wood bark is a residue of forestry production that is used as a fuel source. The chemical composition of tree bark is similar to that of the harvested wood, and it contains a variety of useful compounds. To determine the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of different barks, fir (Abies nordmanniana), beech (Fagus orientalis), pine (Pinus sylvestris), poplar (Populus alba), and oak (Quercus robur) barks were selected because they are used for industrial purposes in Turkey. The dried bark powders were extracted using a 65:35 methanol-water mixture (v/v) to determine the total phenolic content, the flavonoid content, and the antioxidant properties (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), metal chelating, and H2O2 scavenging). The flavonoid components were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and extracted by hexane to analyze the volatile components by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The poplar bark extracts had the highest total phenolic content, highest total flavonoid content, and highest antioxidant content. The poplar bark extracts were rich in myricetin (87.761 mg/L), which is a flavonoid with rich antioxidant properties. The presence of valuable extracts suggests that barks may have uses as valuable raw materials for chemical applications such as cosmetics, perfumes, and food preservatives.
2019
Softwoods have a numerically large group of economically important renewable plants. Waste processing of trees mainly bark, needles are reasonable extent not recovered. The waste contains relatively high levels of phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds are one of the main components that have a high potential in various fields of food, pharmacy, and other industries. This review focuses on the main uses of softwood bark and overviews the extraction and analytical methods used to determine phenolic bioactive compounds in this matrix. At this time, various extraction techniques are used to obtain secondary metabolites from bark mainly bio-active phenolic compounds. The amount of bioactive compounds derived from the matrix affects the: extraction conditions, choice of the solvent, particle size, content of the water and, in particular, the extraction method. Amount and nature of the isolated compounds greatly depend on the isolation; the isolation is possible to use different methods: extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus, Soxtec extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, and microwave assisted extraction. According to literature were selected nutraceuticals phenolic compounds (isolated from softwood bark):
Polyphenolic Profiles of Selected Medicinal Herbs
2017
The total phenolic contents and contents of main individual phenolics in plant extracts of bilberry, willow gentian, wild raspberry, spearmint and peppermint were determined. The above-ground parts of plants were subjected to the exhaustive extraction with ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The total phenolic content for the medicinal herbs, ranged from 2.8 to 15.2 mg GAE/g dm, were as follows: spearmint > peppermint > willow gentian > wild raspberry > bilberry. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, an extremely high content of rosmarinic acid was revealed in peppermint sample (849 mg/100 g dm). The plant of bilberry was characterized by greater amounts of chlorogenic acid, rutin and sinapinic acid (367, 248, and 229 mg/100 g dm, respectively) than the above-ground parts of other analyzed species.