Effect of seed size and plant growth on nodulation and nodule development in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) (original) (raw)
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Field Performance and Nodulation of Yardlong Bean in the Humid Tropics
International Journal of Vegetable Science, 2009
Yardlong bean [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. sesquipedalis] is a popular vegetable grown throughout the tropical Far East, including Guam. There is little information on growth response of yardlong beans and nodulation by indigenous bradyrhizobia colonized in agricultural soil regimes of Guam. Five cultivars of yardlong bean were evaluated in a 2-year study for their field performance and nodulation with indigenous bradyrhizobia on a Pulantat clay soil (Barrigada), an Akina silty clay soil (Ija), and a Guam cobbly clay loam soil (Yigo) on Guam. The 1996 experiment was conducted during the dry season (12 Feb.-10 May) and the 1997 trial in wetter months (28 Apr.-25 July). The study indicated that season, location, and cultivar affected pod yield. The cv. Green Pod Kaohsiung grown in Barrigada during the dry season had the highest pod yield. 'Local Selection' was one of high yielders in all sites in both seasons. Nodulation was observed at all locations with the least number of nodules found at Yigo with a calcareous alkaline soil. 'Local Selection' had the most nodules at Ija with an acidic silty clay soil. There was no correlation between the number of nodules found in roots and pod yield. The study indicated that yield potential of yardlong bean would be improved by selection of planting season, location, and cultivar.
Effect of Competitiveness on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
2018
The competition on the nodules formation on roots of a determinate growth bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. variety: white Coco), between inefficient BIAT strain, and efficient foreign F11 strain of Polish origin, was studied in Culture chamber on sterilized sand.The nodules from the mixed inoculum of equal concentrations were identified using streptomycin antibiotic. Based on the number of nodules formed by each of the two strains inoculated separately; no relationship between efficacy and infectivity.In mixed inoculum, competitiveness for nodulation was influenced by strain efficiency, since strain F11 formed more nodules, producing 67.7% of flowering nodules.According to nodulation kinetics, this competitiveness in favor of the most efficient strain definitively, as of the twentieth days after the inoculation. The results of the dry matter yield and the fixed nitrogen amounts of the aerial organs of the three treatments clearly showed that the fixation efficiency of the F11 strain; was...
Micro-morphology of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) nodules undergoing senescence
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2008
We studied morphological changes over time by nodules formed on the root system of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Two cultivars, Bayomex and Cacahuate 72 with growth habit Type I and the Rhizobium etli strain CE-3 were used. The results showed the collapse of the infected zone, degradation of the cell walls and membranes, changes in the number and distribution of the starch granules, appearance of protein granules, and disintegration of the central tissue of the nodule with ageing. Additionally, we describe the influence of time on the progress of the nodular senescence.
1 Moisture stress is among the limiting factors to crop yields. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of moisture stress imposed at different growth stages of bean plants on nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse and in the field, at Sokoine University of Agriculture. The bean genotype " Kijivu " was used, the stages were; (i) VC (Cotyledonary and unifoliolate leaves visible), (ii) V2 (Second trifoliolate leaf unfolded), (iii) V4 (Fourth trifoliolates on the main stem, blossom clusters not opened) and (iv) R2 (Pods 1/2 inch long. Irrigation treatments were initiated to maintain moisture treatments of 100%, 75%, 50%, or 25% of the soils field capacity for each plant growth stage until plant maturity. Moisture stress significantly affected nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and finally grain yields. Numbers of nodules per plant were reduced by 56.0% in greenhouse and 69.2% in the field between V4 and VC at 25% moisture regime. Shoot biomass was reduced by 40.8% and 26.8% while root biomass was reduced 23.5% and 31.5% in greenhouse and field, respectively. These results suggest that for maximum nodulation and nitrogen fixation to be achieved, moisture stress must be avoided at the VC and V2 growing stages.
Variability of nodulation traits in Andean and Mesoamerican common bean gene pools
Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 2017
The objective of this work was to evaluate the genotypic diversity for nodulation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes of Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools present in the core collections of Embrapa, in Brazil. Evaluations were carried out in two stages: the first one with 879 genotypes, taking the cultivar 'Ouro Negro' as reference; and the second one with 116 genotypes with greater nodulation, to identify those showing stability in nodulation in the two stages. Rhizobium strains were inoculated in pre-germinated common bean seed. Plants received weekly a nutrient solution without N, and nodulation was evaluated 35 days after planting. The percentage of genotypes that exceeded the reference cultivar was 22% for number of nodules, 46% for nodule dry weight, and 33% for one nodule dry weight. The combined analysis of data from the two evaluation phases showed wide differences among genotypes, and significant interactions between genotypes and stages. By the orthogonal contrasts analysis, the Mesoamerican genotypes showed a greater nodulation than the Andean ones. In both stages, twenty-six more stable genotypes were identified, most of them belonging to the Mesoamerican gene pool. There is a large variability in nodulation traits among the common bean genotypes present in the core germplasm collections of Embrapa, which suggests that there are genotypes with improved nodulation.
Host Plant Traits Associated with Estimates of Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Common Bean
HortScience
Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the relationships among plant growth traits; ratios of dry weights among nodules, roots, and shoots; and traits associated with N2-fixation potential of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The dry weights of plant parts and the traits associated with N2-fixation differed among the 10 lines studied. A visual nodulation score used to evaluate N2-fixation potential was correlated positively with nodule dry weight, acetylene reduction (AR) value, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight for plants grown under both greenhouse and field conditions. AR values, nodule dry weight, and visual nodule scores of plants grown in the greenhouse were correlated positively with the respective figures obtained for field-grown plants. These methods of evaluation can be used to discriminate among lines for N2-fixation potential.
Field Crops Research, 2002
Two experiments with common bean cultivars Rosecoco and Mwezi Moja aimed at increasing insight into differences in development with time of seeds from pods of different earliness classes within a crop. Pods were divided into three earliness classes (early, medium, and late) in relation to the fourth class, the overall crop. In all pod classes, cultivars and seasons, seeds achieved physiological maturity (PM: maximum dry weight) when fresh weight was at its maximum. PM was achieved at 58% seed moisture content in seeds from all pod classes and cultivars. Seeds from earlier pods tended to reach PM earlier than those from other classes. The time when seeds developed their ®nal red purple colour pattern was a reasonable indicator of PM, though not completely accurate. Harvest maturity (HM: 20% seed moisture content) was reached earlier in earlier pods in cv. Rosecoco, but the timing was the same for all pod classes in cv. Mwezi Moja. The period for seeds to dry down from 58 to 20% moisture content was longer in seeds from earlier pods in cv. Mwezi Moja, but not in cv. Rosecoco. The course of decline in moisture content between 58 and 20% differed between pod earliness classes, but was not systematically affected by earliness. The timing of seed development in the overall crop could be explained by the timing of seed development in pods of different earliness classes. Relationships among seed moisture content and seed or pod colour in whole crops differed from those in pods of individual earliness classes. #
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2009
The objective of this study was to simplify the procedure for evaluation of legume nodulation, by examining if there is a relationship between the nodulation of the whole root system and at the crown region. Roots of peanut, soybean and common bean plants growing in soils were split in two parts (crown and bottom) and assessed for nodulation (nodule number and dry weight). In general, most nodules were concentrated at the crown, and crown nodulation was generally positively correlated with total nodulation of all three legume crops. The results are highly applicable in studies such as strain selection for inoculants and assessment of inoculation technologies, among others, and is an important contribution to help reduce the time and labor required for the evaluation of nodulation parameters.
Categorization of Chickpea Nodules and Their Relation with Plant Growth
National Academy Science Letters, 2020
We categorized chickpea nodules based on their size (mm) [large ([ 7), medium (2-7), small (\ 2)] and position on roots (primary or lateral) to derive relations between nodule categories and plant growth attributes. Large-sized nodules (LSN) were mostly developed on primary roots (83%), where medium-sized nodules (MSN) were observed both on primary and lateral roots, and smallsized nodules (SSN) were mostly found on lateral roots. Plant growth attributes had strong positive correlations with LSN number, but not with MSN and SSN number. Leaf, stem, root, and total plant biomass had positive associations with LSN weight (particularly LSN on primary roots), but not with MSN and SSN weights. Multivariate regression analysis also revealed the same. This nodule fractionation technique could be used to characterize chickpea nodules and to quantify the contribution of nodules towards plant growth. This criterion may be used for screening and identifying efficient nodulating chickpea genotype(s).
Automated and estimation methods to count nodule number in common bean
Australian Journal of Crop Science, 2017
The nodulation on legume roots is an important trait to evaluate the symbiotic efficiency, but very laborious and time spending, what can limit the effectiveness of legume breeding programs. Based on the need to simplify the assessment of nodule number, this work aimed to evaluate the accuracy and time spent to assess nodule number in common bean using different methods of estimation and counting, compared to manual count (MC), which was considered the standard method. The estimation methods consisted of two simple techniques with two sampling range: graph paper with sampling range from 10 to 20 nodules (GPR1) and graph paper with sampling range from 21 to 40 nodules (GPR2), Petri dish with sampling range from10 to 20 nodules (PDR1), Petri dish with sampling range from 21 to 40 nodules (PDR2). The counting was also performed using automated methods: the seeds counters Seedburo and Sanick. The time spent in each of the seven methods was recorded. Among the alternative methods, the automated counting methods stood out. The Seedburo 801 and Sanick ESC2011 counters showed high accuracy and reduced more than 50% of the time spent compared to MC. Among the estimation methods, GPR2 showed good accuracy with 10% reduction in time spent when compared to manual counting, being a good alternative when there are no automated counters.