Micro-morphology of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) nodules undergoing senescence (original) (raw)
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Nodule senescence and biomass components in common bean cultivars
Revista Fitotecnia …
Most legumes establish mutualistic symbiotic relationships with atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia), giving origin to nodules. Nodules exhibit natural or induced aging which coincides with the drop in nitrogenase activity at the flowering period or at the pod filling stage. In this research, the onset of nodule senescence (NS) was evaluated under greenhouse conditions in five common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars of two growth habits, determined (Type I) and indeterminate (Type III), inoculated with Rhizobium etli CE-3. Weekly destructive samplings were taken to determine nitrogen fixation by the acetylene reduction assay, the number and fresh weight of nodules, as well as root and above ground biomass dry weight. It was found that NS in bean appears to be independent of host plant phenological stage (flowering or pod filling), the longer period the symbiotic system is fixing nitrogen the greater yield is obtained, and that the nodules number and fresh weight are reliable indicators of the nitrogen fixation capacity.
Plant and Soil, 1993
Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) cultivars vary widely in their growth habit and seed size. Preliminary experiments indicated that a large-seeded pole cultivar (King of the Garden) formed many more nodules than a small-seeded bush cultivar (Henderson). The relative importance of seed size and shoot mass in determining nodule number and mass was assessed in five lima bean cultivars differing in seed size and growth habit. Between cultivars, significant positive correlations between initial seed mass, plant weight and nodule number and mass were observed during the first four weeks after planting. Comparisons within cultivars indicated a strong correlation between nodule mass and shoot dry weight. The influence of plant morphology on nodule formation and mass was secondary to the effects of seed and shoot mass. As plants matured, the increase in nodule mass paralleled the increase in plant mass, while nodule number was relatively stable after day 18. These results suggest that the highly regulated process of nodule formation was under the influence of seed derived factors, while the continued accumulation of nodule tissue was related to shoot growth.
Effect of Competitiveness on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
2018
The competition on the nodules formation on roots of a determinate growth bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. variety: white Coco), between inefficient BIAT strain, and efficient foreign F11 strain of Polish origin, was studied in Culture chamber on sterilized sand.The nodules from the mixed inoculum of equal concentrations were identified using streptomycin antibiotic. Based on the number of nodules formed by each of the two strains inoculated separately; no relationship between efficacy and infectivity.In mixed inoculum, competitiveness for nodulation was influenced by strain efficiency, since strain F11 formed more nodules, producing 67.7% of flowering nodules.According to nodulation kinetics, this competitiveness in favor of the most efficient strain definitively, as of the twentieth days after the inoculation. The results of the dry matter yield and the fixed nitrogen amounts of the aerial organs of the three treatments clearly showed that the fixation efficiency of the F11 strain; was...
Nodulation of Pole Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Rhizobium Species of Two Cross-Inoculation Groups
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1982
Physiology and morphology of pole bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Kentucky Wonder) root nodules induced by two Rhizobium species of different cross-inoculation groups have been compared. Root nodules induced by Rhizobium sp. 127E15, which is a strain of the cowpea group Rhizobium , were pinkish, had irregular shapes, and were only partially effective. Their peak acetylene reduction activity was 4.36 μmol of C 2 H 4 formed per g of fresh nodules per h at 30 days after inoculation. The effective nodules induced by Rhizobium phaseoli 127K14, which is a strain of the bean group Rhizobium , were dark red, spherical, and showed peak acetylene reduction activity of 15.95 μmol of C 2 H 4 formed per g of fresh nodules per h at 15 days after inoculation. The partial effectiveness of 127E15-induced nodules was associated with fewer infected cells, a delay in the increase of bacteroid population within the host cells, abundance of cytoplasmic vesicles in the host cells, more bacteroids within a...
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020
The present experiment entitled “Effect of chemical fertilizer, rhizobium and micronutrients on nodulation of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)” was carried out during Rabi, 2018-19 at Instructional Farm-II of Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bhubaneswar. The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) used for French bean was 50:75:75 NPK kg ha-1 along with FYM @ 15 ton ha-1. The chemical fertilizers were applied in three levels i.e. 50 %, 100 % and 150 % of the RDF with various combinations of rhizobium culture and micronutrients. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments in various combinations of different levels of fertilizer with or without rhizobium culture (30 g kg-1 of seed) and micronutrients (0.1 %). The results obtained from the present investigation indicated that the treatment receiving 50:75:75 NPK kgha-1 (100 % RDF) along with FYM @ 15 t ha-1, rhizobium culture (30 g kg-1 of seed) and micronutrients (0.1%) recorded significantly maximum number of nodules in T11 (99...
Stress-Induced Legume Root Nodule Senescence. Physiological, Biochemical, and Structural Alterations
Plant Physiology, 1999
Nitrate-fed and dark-stressed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum) plants were used to study nodule senescence. In bean, 1 d of nitrate treatment caused a partially reversible decline in nitrogenase activity and an increase in O 2 diffusion resistance, but minimal changes in carbon metabolites, antioxidants, and other biochemical parameters, indicating that the initial decrease in nitrogenase activity was due to O 2 limitation. In pea, 1 d of dark treatment led to a 96% decline in nitrogenase activity and sucrose, indicating sugar deprivation as the primary cause of activity loss. In later stages of senescence (4 d of nitrate or 2-4 d of dark treatment), nodules showed accumulation of oxidized proteins and general ultrastructural deterioration. The major thiol tripeptides of untreated nodules were homoglutathione (72%) in bean and glutathione (89%) in pea. These predominant thiols declined by approximately 93% after 4 d of nitrate or dark treatment, but the loss of thiol content can be only ascribed in part to limited synthesis by ␥-glutamylcysteinyl, homoglutathione, and glutathione synthetases. Ascorbate peroxidase was immunolocalized primarily in the infected and parenchyma (inner cortex) nodule cells, with large decreases in senescent tissue. Ferritin was almost undetectable in untreated bean nodules, but accumulated in the plastids and amyloplasts of uninfected interstitial and parenchyma cells following 2 or 4 d of nitrate treatment, probably as a response to oxidative stress.
Effect of water stress on nitrogen fixation and nodule structure of common bean
Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 2003
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of water stress on N 2 fixation and nodule structure of two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars Carioca and EMGOPA-201. Plants were harvested after five and eight days of water stress. Carioca had lower nodule dry weight on both water stress periods; shoot dry weight was lower at five days water stress and did not differ from control after eight days stress. Both cultivars had lower nitrogenase activity than control after five and eight days water stress. For both cultivars, after eight days stress bacteroid membranes were damaged. Carioca presented more pronounced damage to infected tissue, with host cell vacuolation and loss of the peribacteroid membrane at five days after stress; at eight days after stress, there was degradation of cytoplasm host cells and senescence of bacteroids, with their release into intercellular spaces. Intensity of immunogold-labeling of intercellular cortical glycoprotein with the monoclonal antibodies MAC 236/ 265 was different for both cultivars.
Effect of P on nodule formation and N fixation in bean
Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2005
The present study compares the demands for P of the initial nodule formation, and of the later growth and functioning of the nodulated root system in two inoculated lines of common bean (Coco blanc and BAT477). After germination and inoculation, seedlings were divided into two lots. One lot was grown under constant P supply, either 15 (low) or 250 (high) µM P, corresponding to provision of 120 and 2000 µmol P, respectively. In the second, seedlings were cultivated on the same medium supplied with 15 µM P for 24 days after germination, and then with 60 or 250 µM (total provision of P: respectively, 390 and 1530 µmol). Nodule number and biomass were significantly diminished by the low P (120 µmol) treatment, as compared with the other treatments. However, the intrinsic characteristics of the nodules (individual biomass and size, P concentration and efficiency of N fixation) did not depend on P availability. Although the bean line BAT477 was distinguished from the Coco blanc line through higher nodule number, size, biomass, and nitrogen fixation, both lines displayed analogous responses to P availability.
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2003
Several studies suggest that the Fabaceae-Rhizobium symbiosis is particularly sensitive to iron (Fe) deficiency with respect to NO 3 ±-dependent plants. The aim of this study, which is part of a screening program for common bean tolerance to Fe deficiency, was to study genotypical differences in Fe requirement and Fe use-efficiency of common bean cultivars depending on symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Results show that ARA14 produces more whole plant dry matter and particularly more nodule biomass than Coco blanc. ARA14 is characterized by a high capacity of nitrogen fixation and a better Fe use-efficiency for the growth and the function of the nodules. Die Bedeutung der Eisennutzungseffizienz der Knöllchen von Phaseolus vulgaris für die Resistenz gegen Eisenmangelchlorose Es gibt eine Reihe von Untersuchungen, die zeigen, dass die Symbiose Fabaceae-Rhizobium sehr empfindlich auf Eisenmangel bei NO 3 ±ernährten Pflanzen reagiert. Das Ziel dieser Studie, die Teil eines Screeningprogramms auf Eisenmangeltoleranz bei Bohnen ist, war die Untersuchung von genotypischen Unterschieden im Eisenbedarfs und in der Eisennutzungseffizienz bei ausschlieûlicher Stickstoffernährung durch symbiotische Stickstofffixierung (SNF). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ARA14 mehr Gesamtpflanzenbiomasse und mehr Knöllchenbiomasse bildet als Coco blanc. ARA14 ist charakterisiert durch eine hohe Stickstofffixierungskapazität und eine bessere Eisennutzungseffizienz für das Wachstum und die Funktion der Knöllchen.
Cultivar and pH effects on competition for nodule sites between isolates of Rhizobium in beans
Plant and Soil, 1989
Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of acidity on bean-Rhizobium competition for nodule sites. Seven Phaseolus vulgaris host cultivars differing in acid-pH tolerance were grown in sand culture, and irrigated using a sub-irrigation system and nutrient solutions of pH 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0. A mixed inoculant of two antibiotically marked Rhizobium leguminosarum bv phaseoli strains CIAT899 (acid-tolerant) and CIAT632 (acid-sensitive) was used. The acid-tolerant CIAT899 dominated CIAT632 in nodule occupancy across all cultivars and pH treatments. Although several of the varieties had previously been identified as pH-tolerant, and these cultivars performed better than those reported to be acid sensitive, all showed a marked increase in nodulation and plant development when the pH was raised from 4.5 to 6.0. The second experiment using a modified Leonard jar system varied the inoculation ratio between CIAT899 and UMRlll6 (acid-sensitive, inefficient in N2-fixation) and contrasted nodulation response for the bean varieties 'Preto 143' (pH-tolerant) and 'Negro Argel' (pH-sensitive) at 3 pH treatments (4.5, 5.5, 6.5). There was a significant effect of host cultivar, ratio of inoculation, and pH on the percentage of nodule occupancy by each strain. At low pH CIAT899 had higher nodule occupancy than UM 1116 in the variety 'Negro Argel' but had the same percentage of nodulation when the variety was 'Preto 143'. Increasing the cell concentration of UMRI 116 produced more inefficient nodules at all treatment combinations and reduced plant growth for both cultivars used.