Lower Perceived-Stigmatization by Health Workers Among Hiv-Aids Patients of Key Population Backgrounds (original) (raw)
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RESEARCH ARTICLE, 2019
Background: Several studies have established strong links between stigma and discrimination against PLWHA by health workers and poor utilization of HIV/AIDS prevention and care services by them. Aim: This study aimed to assess the attitudes and practices related to stigma and discrimination against persons living with HIV/ AIDS (PLWHA) among health workers in a tertiary care facility in Sokoto, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 258 health workers selected by systematic sampling technique. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the research variables. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20 statistical computer software package. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 32.9 ± 9.3 years; majority of them were males (52.3%), married (67.1%), and were nurses (67.1%). Majority of respondents showed negative attitudes (indicating stigma) towards PLWHA, as 74.0% would prefer to refer them to other physicians for treatment, and 67.4% were not comfortable with giving injections or performing invasive procedures on PLWHA. Large proportions of respondents had been involved in discriminatory practices against PLWHA such as testing patients for HIV without consent (41.1%), and administering a differential treatment for patients with HIV/AIDS (48.1%). Conclusion: Attitudes and practices related to stigma and discrimination against PLWHA were very prevalent among the respondents in this study. Management of hospitals, government and other stakeholders involved in HIV/AIDS prevention and care should ensure full implementation of the strategic interventions for eliminating stigma and discrimination against PLWHA to prevent a resurgence of HIV/AIDS epidemic across the country.
2016
Background: Certain individual and institutional factors such as knowledge about stigma and discrimination, fear of infection, social judgement, legal and policy environment act as actionable drivers and facilitators of HIV-related stigma and discrimination. These factors may hinder the utilisation and quality of care provided to people living with HIV. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the actionable drivers and facilitators that determine the different forms of HIV-related stigma and discrimination among healthcare professionals at a district hospital in Malawi. Methods: The study used a descriptive correlational study. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPPS and STATA 12. Fisher's Exact Test was used to conclude the association and binary logistic regression was used to model the degree of the statistical relationships. Results: The results showed statistically significant relationship between knowledge of sti...
Predictors of HIV stigma among health workers in the Cape Coast metropolis, Ghana
Journal of Public Health in Africa
Background: Stigma against people living with HIV (PLHIV) among health workers remains a barrier to the provision of needed care to HIV patients worldwide. We sought to investigate predictors of HIV stigma among health workers in Cape Coast, Ghana. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in three hospitals from November 2016 to February 2017. The study made use of a pre-existing self-administered questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis and Pearson’s coefficient tests were performed to determine the relationship between the dependent variable, stigmatized attitudes of health workers and some independent variables, and to determine which of the independent variables predict stigma amongst health care workers. Results: A total of 331 health workers of different categories participated. Respondents’ personal opinions on HIV, fears/worries of getting infected and category of staff {F(3,327)= 23.934 p<0.00 }, R2 = 0.180) significantly predicted their stigmatizing behavi...
Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC), 2011
The research was designed to assess the stigma and discrimination faced by People living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) that are receiving treatment in UITH, Ilorin. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted on three hundred (300) people living with HIV and AIDS receiving care at the antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics within University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (which was the only ART site in Kwara State as at then). A quantitative method through the use of interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study design. All the patients who came to the clinic and met the selection criteria were recruited until the desired sample size was reached. Data were analyzed by EPI-INFO 2005 software package. The mean age of the respondents was 39 years (SD ¼ 9.32), and their age ranged between 19 and 65 years. About two thirds (64.7%) of the respondents were females, 62.7% were married, and 62.9% were from monogamous family settings. Slightly less than half (47.3%) of the respondents were not informed before they were tested for HIV, majority (63.3%) were not counseled before the test, but only 11% did not receive posttest counseling. One quarter of the respondents had experienced stigmatization/discrimination. Various forms of stigmatization/discrimination experienced by the respondents include blame for being responsible for their HIV status, various name callings, telling them that they are no more useful to anybody, violation of confidentiality, social isolation, restriction of their participation in family/religious activities, rejection by their spouses/ families, dismissal from place of work, isolating them from other patients, and denying them care at health centers. It is therefore recommended that government at all levels should develop and implement programs to educate health care providers about HIV and AIDS, ethics, and treatment and care; educate the general population on HIV and AIDS, put in place policies that will reduce/ stop HIV-related stigma and discrimination at all levels of the society, educate PLWHA on their right to live and work without discrimination, and also ensure full community participation in HIV control programs.
Determinants of HIV Stigma Among Healthcare Workers in Ghana
2015
HIV-related stigma and discrimination is a complex concept that affects HIV reduction interventions. HIV-related stigma occurs among healthcare providers resulting in reduction of quality of care of people living with HIV. Social psychological research into stigma reduction has led to the development of many stigma reduction interventions, but has not resolved the underlying problem. This study was designed to identify predictors of stigmatizing behavior among healthcare workers in Ghana using the social cognitive theory (SCT) for use in developing an evidence-based intervention. The study used a cross-sectional research design incorporating a preexisting survey, Measuring HIV Stigma and Discrimination Among Health Staff: Comprehensive Questionnaire. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive, multiple regression analysis and Pearson"s coefficient to estimate the relationship between the dependent variable, HIV related stigmatizing behavior, and independent variables, personal attributes and environmental factors. The key findings from the analysis were that the personal attributes of healthcare workers predicted their stigmatizing behavior (R 2 = 0.674, p < 0.05). There was, however, no significant relationship between environmental factors and stigmatizing behavior and
Predictors of HIV Related Stigma among Healthcare Providers in Lusaka, Zambia
Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2020
Background: Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS remain a major public health crisis in Zambia [[13]]. One of the barriers to effective HIV response is the HIV-related stigma and discrimination among Healthcare providers towards patients receiving diagnostic procedure or treatment. It's suggested that most studies concentrate on perceptions of discrimination, with occasional studies involving explicit discriminatory behaviors [[6]]. The purpose of this study was to identify factors contributing to HIV stigma and discrimination among healthcare workers in order to recommend evidence-based interventions that would help reduce HIV-related stigma in order to enhance quality of HIV prevention, care and treatment. Methodology: Using an analytic cross-sectional research design, 370 health providers' attitudes and behaviors towards HIV-patients were analyzed and the driving factors of discriminatory behavior were explored, which provided countermeasures and sources for appropriate departments to eradicate prejudice in the medical field, protect the medical interests of PLHIV, support and monitor HIV prevention. Results: Levels of stigma were reported by all groups included in the study; willingness to prohibit women living with HIV from having children (43%), wearing double gloves (64.5%), and using special infection control measures (50%) and avoided physical contact (36.5%) when caring for HIV infected clients. Conclusion: The study revealed that the HIV stigma and discrimination by healthcare providers in urban Lusaka was not uncommon. Potential care and support for HIV patients should therefore concentrate on strengthening the cognitions and behaviors of Healthcare providers toward PLHIV to ensure that they receive prompt and effective treatment and assistance.
Stigma and discrimination among health care providers towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 2019
Stigma and discrimination among Medical Care Providers (MCPs) towards HIV patients is a common observed problem that can compromise effectiveness of prevention and treatment efforts by discouraging individuals from being tested or seeking information on how to protect themselves and others. This research aimed to determine the existence of stigma and discrimination among health care providers towards people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) in River Nile state. A descriptive Cross sectional hospital based study conducted in Atbara, Edamer and Berber hospitals. Questionnaire containing six parts covering the personal data, knowledge about HIV, attitude, availability of PPDs and discriminatory practices of MCPs was used. The data was analyzed using the SPSS. Three hundred and nighty participated consisting of 136 doctors, 219 nurses, and 35 midwives. Out of these, 68.2% of participants had overall satisfactory knowledge, 30% had good knowledge, while only 1.8% had poor knowledge. Majority (74.4%) stated that MCPs were discriminatory in their practices towards HIV patients. There was a correlation between common discriminatory practices and total attitude, and availability of PPDs (p<0.05). No correlation between the common discriminatory practices and total knowledge scores. Discriminatory practices do exist among MCPs towards PLWHA in River Nile state.
Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2020
Background: One of the barriers to effective HIV response is the HIV-related stigma and discrimination among Healthcare providers towards patients receiving diagnostic procedure or treatment. In Zambia, there are minimal research that have applied health behavioral models to evaluate the predictors of stigmatizing behavior associated with HIV among healthcare providers. Reducing HIV-related stigma may enhance the quality of HIV prevention and care. Hence reducing HIV related stigma should be a national prevention goal. Methodology: This study used an analytic cross-sectional research design to investigate predictors of stigmatizing and discriminatory behavior among Healthcare providers in Lusaka urban, Zambia. Questionnaire data was collected and analyzed using SPSS and described using regression analysis to estimate the relationship between HIV related stigmatizing behavior, discriminatory acts, and personal attributes, job, environmental and demographic factors. Results: 370 health care providers were included in the sample. Levels of stigma were reported by all groups included in the study. This included willingness to prohibit women living with HIV from having children (43%), wearing double gloves (64.5%), using special infection control measures (50%) and avoided physical contact (36.5%) when caring for HIV infected clients. Conclusion: The study revealed that the stigma and discrimination associated with HIV by Healthcare providers in urban Lusaka was not unusual. Potential care and support for HIV patients should therefore concentrate more on strengthening the cognitions and behaviors of Healthcare providers toward People Living with HIV to ensure that they receive prompt and effective treatment and assistance.
Factors Related to the Stigma Associated with HIV / Aids Patient
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
HIV/AIDS related stigma (H/A stigma) is invoked as a persistent and pernicious problem. The manifestation of H/A stigma not only varies by cultural/national setting, but also by whether one is considering intrapersonal versus societal levels of stigma. Objectives-To assess the factor related to the personal & perceived community stigma.and to find the association between the factors related to stigma associated with HIV / AIDS patient and selected demographic variable.Methods: descriptive research approach with Single group non experimental research design was used for 30-HIV / AIDS samples from tertiary care hospital. Results: Majority (73.33 %) were in the age group 20-45yrs.Most of the patients were Male (70%) and (96.7%) were married as well as (90%) patients were illiterate. community stigma according to blame and judgment people were affected with this factor i.e,83.3%Maximum& ,interpersonal distance factors also affected with 86.7% ,and value items 60%was affected. community ...