Predictors of HIV Related Stigma among Healthcare Providers in Lusaka, Zambia (original) (raw)
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Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2020
Background: One of the barriers to effective HIV response is the HIV-related stigma and discrimination among Healthcare providers towards patients receiving diagnostic procedure or treatment. In Zambia, there are minimal research that have applied health behavioral models to evaluate the predictors of stigmatizing behavior associated with HIV among healthcare providers. Reducing HIV-related stigma may enhance the quality of HIV prevention and care. Hence reducing HIV related stigma should be a national prevention goal. Methodology: This study used an analytic cross-sectional research design to investigate predictors of stigmatizing and discriminatory behavior among Healthcare providers in Lusaka urban, Zambia. Questionnaire data was collected and analyzed using SPSS and described using regression analysis to estimate the relationship between HIV related stigmatizing behavior, discriminatory acts, and personal attributes, job, environmental and demographic factors. Results: 370 health care providers were included in the sample. Levels of stigma were reported by all groups included in the study. This included willingness to prohibit women living with HIV from having children (43%), wearing double gloves (64.5%), using special infection control measures (50%) and avoided physical contact (36.5%) when caring for HIV infected clients. Conclusion: The study revealed that the stigma and discrimination associated with HIV by Healthcare providers in urban Lusaka was not unusual. Potential care and support for HIV patients should therefore concentrate more on strengthening the cognitions and behaviors of Healthcare providers toward People Living with HIV to ensure that they receive prompt and effective treatment and assistance.
2016
Background: Certain individual and institutional factors such as knowledge about stigma and discrimination, fear of infection, social judgement, legal and policy environment act as actionable drivers and facilitators of HIV-related stigma and discrimination. These factors may hinder the utilisation and quality of care provided to people living with HIV. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the actionable drivers and facilitators that determine the different forms of HIV-related stigma and discrimination among healthcare professionals at a district hospital in Malawi. Methods: The study used a descriptive correlational study. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPPS and STATA 12. Fisher's Exact Test was used to conclude the association and binary logistic regression was used to model the degree of the statistical relationships. Results: The results showed statistically significant relationship between knowledge of sti...
Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care, 2022
The study focused on the representations, processes and effects of HIV stigma for healthcare workers living with HIV within health facilities in Zambia. A descriptive study design was deployed. A total of 56 health workers and four service user participants responded to a structured questionnaire (n = 50) or took part in key informant interviews (n = 10) in five high HIV-prevalence provinces. Most participants did not disclose if they were living with HIV, except for four participants who responded to the questionnaire and were selected for being open about living with HIV. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with health workers in key government health facility positions. The questions were standardized and used a Likert scale. Descriptive statistical and thematic analyses were applied to the data. Results show that antiretroviral treatment (ART) has an impact on stigma reduction. Almost half the participants agreed that treatment is reducing levels of HIV stigma. However, fears of exposure of HIV status and labelling and judgemental attitudes persist. No comprehensive stigma reduction policies and guidelines in healthcare facilities were mentioned. Informal flexible systems to deliver HIV services were in place for health workers living with HIV, illustrating how stigma can be quietly navigated. Lack of confidentiality in healthcare facilities plays a role in fuelling disclosure issues and hampering access to testing and treatment. Stigma reduction training needs standardization. Further, codes of conduct for 'stigma-free healthcare settings' should be developed.
Stigma and discrimination among health care providers towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 2019
Stigma and discrimination among Medical Care Providers (MCPs) towards HIV patients is a common observed problem that can compromise effectiveness of prevention and treatment efforts by discouraging individuals from being tested or seeking information on how to protect themselves and others. This research aimed to determine the existence of stigma and discrimination among health care providers towards people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) in River Nile state. A descriptive Cross sectional hospital based study conducted in Atbara, Edamer and Berber hospitals. Questionnaire containing six parts covering the personal data, knowledge about HIV, attitude, availability of PPDs and discriminatory practices of MCPs was used. The data was analyzed using the SPSS. Three hundred and nighty participated consisting of 136 doctors, 219 nurses, and 35 midwives. Out of these, 68.2% of participants had overall satisfactory knowledge, 30% had good knowledge, while only 1.8% had poor knowledge. Majority (74.4%) stated that MCPs were discriminatory in their practices towards HIV patients. There was a correlation between common discriminatory practices and total attitude, and availability of PPDs (p<0.05). No correlation between the common discriminatory practices and total knowledge scores. Discriminatory practices do exist among MCPs towards PLWHA in River Nile state.
RESEARCH ARTICLE, 2019
Background: Several studies have established strong links between stigma and discrimination against PLWHA by health workers and poor utilization of HIV/AIDS prevention and care services by them. Aim: This study aimed to assess the attitudes and practices related to stigma and discrimination against persons living with HIV/ AIDS (PLWHA) among health workers in a tertiary care facility in Sokoto, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 258 health workers selected by systematic sampling technique. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the research variables. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20 statistical computer software package. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 32.9 ± 9.3 years; majority of them were males (52.3%), married (67.1%), and were nurses (67.1%). Majority of respondents showed negative attitudes (indicating stigma) towards PLWHA, as 74.0% would prefer to refer them to other physicians for treatment, and 67.4% were not comfortable with giving injections or performing invasive procedures on PLWHA. Large proportions of respondents had been involved in discriminatory practices against PLWHA such as testing patients for HIV without consent (41.1%), and administering a differential treatment for patients with HIV/AIDS (48.1%). Conclusion: Attitudes and practices related to stigma and discrimination against PLWHA were very prevalent among the respondents in this study. Management of hospitals, government and other stakeholders involved in HIV/AIDS prevention and care should ensure full implementation of the strategic interventions for eliminating stigma and discrimination against PLWHA to prevent a resurgence of HIV/AIDS epidemic across the country.
Stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV by healthcare providers, Southwest Ethiopia
Background: Stigma and discrimination against people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are obstacles in the way of effective responses to HIV. Understanding the extent of stigma / discrimination and the underlying causes is necessary for developing strategies to reduce them. This study was conducted to explore stigma and discrimination against PLHIV amongst healthcare providers in Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia.
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease, 2020
The stigma of people living with HIV-AIDS (PLWHA) by health workers may have a broad impact, so it is necessary to identify the factors that influence the occurrence of stigma. Identification of factors that cause a decrease in stigmatization by health workers will have an impact on improving the quality of life of people with HIV, increasing compliance with medication, and ultimately reducing the incidence of HIV infection itself. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to PLWHA’s perception of stigma among health workers in the community health center. This research applied a cross-sectional design using interviews. Ninety-four patients from the Infectious Disease Intermediate Care of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, a tertiary level hospital, were interviewed. The stigma perception was assessed using a questionnaire modified from the Standardized Brief Questionnaire by Health Policy Project with Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.786. The data were simultaneously analyzed with...
Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC), 2011
The research was designed to assess the stigma and discrimination faced by People living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) that are receiving treatment in UITH, Ilorin. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted on three hundred (300) people living with HIV and AIDS receiving care at the antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics within University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (which was the only ART site in Kwara State as at then). A quantitative method through the use of interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study design. All the patients who came to the clinic and met the selection criteria were recruited until the desired sample size was reached. Data were analyzed by EPI-INFO 2005 software package. The mean age of the respondents was 39 years (SD ¼ 9.32), and their age ranged between 19 and 65 years. About two thirds (64.7%) of the respondents were females, 62.7% were married, and 62.9% were from monogamous family settings. Slightly less than half (47.3%) of the respondents were not informed before they were tested for HIV, majority (63.3%) were not counseled before the test, but only 11% did not receive posttest counseling. One quarter of the respondents had experienced stigmatization/discrimination. Various forms of stigmatization/discrimination experienced by the respondents include blame for being responsible for their HIV status, various name callings, telling them that they are no more useful to anybody, violation of confidentiality, social isolation, restriction of their participation in family/religious activities, rejection by their spouses/ families, dismissal from place of work, isolating them from other patients, and denying them care at health centers. It is therefore recommended that government at all levels should develop and implement programs to educate health care providers about HIV and AIDS, ethics, and treatment and care; educate the general population on HIV and AIDS, put in place policies that will reduce/ stop HIV-related stigma and discrimination at all levels of the society, educate PLWHA on their right to live and work without discrimination, and also ensure full community participation in HIV control programs.
BMC Medical Ethics, 2013
Background: The issue of stigma is very important in the battle against HIV/AIDS in Africa since it may affect patient attendance at healthcare centres for obtaining antiretroviral (ARV) medications and regular medical checkups. Stigmatization creates an unnecessary culture of secrecy and silence based on ignorance and fear of victimization. This study was designed to determine if there is external stigmatization of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) by health care workers (HCWs) at a tertiary hospital in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province, South Africa. The study investigated the impact of knowledge of HIV/AIDS by HCWs on treatment of patients, as well as the comfort level and attitude of HCWs when rendering care to PLWHA. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was designed to collect data using an anonymous self-administered structured questionnaire from 334 HCWs. The study was conducted in clinical departments of a large multidisciplinary 922-bed tertiary care teaching hospital in Durban, KZN.
Perceived Stigmatization and Discrimination by Health Care Providers toward Persons with HIV/AIDS
Executive Summary Background and Study Aims The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pandemic in Ethiopia is rapidly eroding the progress that the government has made in education, health care, and economic development. As of 2004, the adult Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence rate in urban areas was estimated at 12.6 percent, with a lower prevalence rate (2.6%) in rural areas. Many socioeconomic factors contribute to the spread of HIV in Ethiopia, including widespread poverty, high unemployment, and limited health care coverage. The spread of HIV/AIDS is endangering Ethiopia’s already precarious health care system. Providers find it difficult to deliver services to patients in poorly equipped and understaffed health facilities. In addition, stigmatization and discrimination directed by health care providers toward individuals with actual and perceived HIV infection are major barriers in prevention and treatment. Although HIV/AIDS related stigmatization reportedly oc...