A New Activated Carbon Prepared from Sago Palm Bark through Physiochemical Activated Process with Zinc Chloride (original) (raw)
Related papers
BioResources, 2017
Two raw materials, sago palm bark (SPB) and date pits, were utilized as precursors to prepare high porosity activated carbon (AC). The porosity of these two raw materials was compared with that of commercial AC made from coconut shells. The physicochemical activation method was used for AC preparation, and it consisted of two steps, carbonization and activation. The activation process was performed using zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as an activation agent. N2 adsorption-desorption analysis was carried out to characterize the porosity of AC. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted for the two raw materials. The adsorbent made from SPB, which showed the maximum surface area of 1634 m 2 /g at the 700 °C activation temperature for one hour, while the surface area of prepared AC from date pits was 1367 m 2 /g. Both prepared ACs had a larger surface area than commercial AC made with coconut shell (1348 m 2 /g).
Jurnal teknologi, 2015
An oil palm empty fruit bunch-derived activated carbon has been successfully produced by chemical activation with zinc chloride and without chemical activation. The preparation was conducted in the tube furnace at 500 o C for 1 h. The surface structure and active sites of activated carbons were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The proximate analysis including moisture content, ash content, bulk density, pH, and pH at zero charge was conducted to identify the psychochemical properties of the adsorbent. The results showed that the zinc chloride-activated carbon has better characteristics compared to the carbon without chemical activation.
2015
The large quantity of agricultural waste materials that poses disposal challenge to our environment could be converted into useful products such as activated carbon (AC). Palm oil shell based porous AC was prepared by two step process using KOH as the chemical activant. Palm oil shell was carbonized at 800°C for 2 hours and activated using CO2 at same temperature for 1 hour which yield 23.27% fixed carbon. The AC was characterized by Langmuir surface area, BET surface area and pore volume of 410.7 m/g, 350 m/g and 0.2 cm/g respectively, the FTIR analysis identified the presence of alkanes, carbonyls and hydroxyls as the main functional groups in the AC. Scanning electron microscopy images illustrates the gradual formation of pores from the precursor to the produced AC due to elimination of volatiles and contaminants in the material. However, the AC produced showed basic properties suitable for the removal of hydrophobic organic contaminants in water and wastewater. Introduction The ...
PRODUCTION OF A NEW ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARED FROM PALM FRONDS BY THERMAL ACTIVATION
International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 2019
A new activated carbon has been thermally produced from palm fronds, obtained from palm trees, cultivated widely in desert areas. A (21.75%) yield of Palm Fronds Activated Carbon (PFAC) was obtained from via a physical method. Characterization of PFAC was studied. Well-developed porosities verified by SEM were about 14% higher than that of commercial activated carbon. The nature of the product was identified by XRD. The activation process caused both the formation of graphite layers and the increase in bulk density, the graphite layers occurred due to breaking of chemical bonds and carbon burn-off through weak carbon-CO2 oxidation. The development of micro porosity will lead to promising applications for the removal of metal ions, that can be achieved through the surface functional groups of PFAC, detected by FTIR. PFAC is very effective for the adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions with great removal (99.5%).
Procedia Engineering
Activated carbon has been known as an excellent adsorbent and is widely used due to its unique characteristics and large adsorption capacity. In this study, activated carbon produced from oil palm empty fruit bunch by steam activation was used. The activated carbons were analyzed using nitrogen adsorption isotherm as BET for specific surface area and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the activated carbon at these optimum conditions; 765 o C activation temperature and 77 min activation time, possesses a large apparent surface area (S BET = 720 m 2 /g), total pore volume (0.341cm 3 /g) with average pore size diameter of 18.99 Å. FT-IR results indicate that all the oil palm empty fruit bunch was successfully converted to carbon.
Comparative analysis of physiochemical properties of physically activated carbon from palm bio-waste
Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2019
Conversion of palm waste to activated carbon have attracted significant attention due to their lignocellulose chemistry and abundance. In the past, several palm waste has been converted to activated carbon for various applications. The highly porous material is efficient for application in gas, heavy metals, and pesticide adsorption, water purification, and as the active material of electrochemical double layer capacitor. Due to variation in the preparatory conditions, there is no adequate comparison in the electrochemical properties of palm waste derived activated carbons. In this study, palm kernel shell (PKS), oil palm fiber (OPF), and empty fruit bunch (EFB) were used to produce activated carbon by one step physical carbonization and activation at 700 • C and 1 h hold time. A comparative analysis of the physiochemical characteristics of the activated carbon is presented. XRD results reflect the amorphous nature of all the samples and BET surface area of 823 m 2 /g, 700 m 2 /g, and 592 m 2 /g were recorded for EFB, PKS, and OPF, respectively.
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015
The large quantity of agricultural waste materials that poses disposal challenge to our environment could be converted into useful products such as activated carbon (AC). Palm oil shell based porous AC was prepared by two step process using KOH as the chemical activant. Palm oil shell was carbonized at 800°C for 2 hours and activated using CO2 at same temperature for 1 hour which yield 23.27% fixed carbon. The AC was characterized by Langmuir surface area, BET surface area and pore volume of 410.7 m2/g, 350 m2/g and 0.2 cm3/g respectively, the FTIR analysis identified the presence of alkanes, carbonyls and hydroxyls as the main functional groups in the AC. Scanning electron microscopy images illustrates the gradual formation of pores from the precursor to the produced AC due to elimination of volatiles and contaminants in the material. However, the AC produced showed basic properties suitable for the removal of hydrophobic organic contaminants in water and wastewater.
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2013
Oil palm shell was used to prepare activated carbons by microwave irradiation and conventional heating methods using zinc chloride as the activation agent. The effects of the weight ratio of zinc chloride to palm shell on the textual and surface chemical properties of prepared activated carbon by both heating treatments were studied and compared in this study. The textual properties were investigated using nitrogen adsorption, ultimate and proximate analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to study the surface chemical properties. For both the microwave and conventionally prepared samples, the BET surface area was enhanced to a maximum at an impregnation ratio of 0.65 (Zn/palm shell) and then decreased with further increases in the chemical ratio. The total pore volume in the microwave samples increased continuously with increasing zinc chloride, while in the conventional samples, the total pore volume increased up to impregnation ratio of 0.65 and then decreased. The results showed that at the impregnation ratios of higher than 0.65, the rate of mesopore creation in microwave method is higher than that of conventional methods. FTIR spectra demonstrated that the C-H stretching of the palm shell disappeared completely in the microwave samples, where it was only reduced in the case of the conventional samples as a result of the different types of heating.
Sustainability, 2022
Palm tree waste is one of the most widespread forms of agricultural waste, particularly in areas where oil palms are cultivated, and its management is one of the industry’s key concerns. To deal with this palm waste, researchers are working hard to work out the ways to convert this plentiful waste into useful material for future beneficial applications. The objective of this study was to employ chemical activation techniques to prepare a new activated carbon (AC) using discarded oil palm leaves (OPL) in Malaysia. Three chemical agents (H3PO4, NaOH and ZnCl2), as well as three pyrolysis temperatures (400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C) and various impregnation ratios (1:0.5–1:3) were used to optimize the preparation process. As a result, the oil palm leaves activated carbon (OPLAC), with prominent surface properties, was obtained by ZnCl2 activations with a 1:1 impregnation ratio and carbonized at a pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C. The OPLAC-ZC had a surface area of 331.153 m2/g, pore size of...