Marine Defense Strategy the Indonesian Government in the Construction of Laws on Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes (original) (raw)
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International journal of education and social science research, 2021
The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) is a sovereign country and has a large area with a water area that is much wider than the land area. The concept of an archipelago nation by the international community is getting stronger and recognized by the results of the 3rd United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea or the United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) on 10 December 1982 which took place in London, English. In 1996, the Government of Indonesia submitted a proposal to the United Nations International Maritime Organization (IMO) regarding the establishment of Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes (ALKI) in Indonesia's territorial waters. The proposal was approved by IMO, and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia then issued Law Number 6 concerning Indonesian Waters. The understanding of the ALKI security from the various parties involved is still not completely the same, due to the fundamental differences in its main duties and functions. Therefore, in this paper, the author tries to formulate various matters related to the impact and efforts of the Indonesian government, based on an analysis of Indonesia's maritime security and maritime defense. The method used by the authors in this study is a qualitative method with a literature study design and a phenomenological approach. The results of the study conclude that efforts to secure ALKI require preventive and deterrence capabilities through government efforts to increase cooperation and coordination involving the roles of all authorized agencies and through cooperation with other countries in terms of technical support related to improving security control in ALKI. in improving the defense and strength of the sea in anticipating and minimizing threats that occur in the ALKI area.
THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY IN SECURING INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGO SEA LANES (ASLs/ALKI)
2021
As a large archipelagic country in the world, Indonesia can become a maritime axis for the world. This great potential is very possible, given Indonesia’s position in a strategic crossroads for world shipping in the Asia Pacific region. The concept of an archipelagic state is getting stronger and obtaining international legality, but that legality must also be balanced by the government by establishing 3 Indonesian Archipelago Sea Route (ASLs) routes for the major interests of international shipping. This consequence is the big responsibility of the Indonesian government to be able to secure all maritime threats that arise. This study is to determine the impressions and efforts of the government in securing ASLS as part of the national security task. This research uses qualitative methods, and with a literature study design. This study finds that there are negative and positive impressions on the establishment of ASLs, the formation of new institutions that become the leading sector...
Indonesia Sea Defense Strategy in Overcoming Maritime Threats
International Journal of Education and Social Science Research, 2021
As the largest archipelagic country in the world, Indonesia has great potential to become a world maritime axis country. The maritime axis state is a strategic idea that is realized to ensure connectivity between islands and countries, develop the shipping and fisheries industry, improve marine transportation, and focus on maritime security. Indonesia's maritime security is an important part of the maritime axis system in Indonesia, and contains a quite complex mission that becomes both a challenge and a problem for the various parties involved. The understanding of the maritime security axis of the various parties involved is still not completely the same, due to the fundamental differences in the fields of work they are in. Trying to formulate various matters related to the maritime axis in Indonesia's maritime territory, based on a defense strategy, analysis of interests, threats and sea power. This research uses descriptive analysis method and interview method. the results in this study include; (1) The role of marine defense and resilience has not been optimal in maintaining the integrity of the nation and state; threat of foreign powers who want to take advantage of ZEEI waters; (2) Incomplete legal instruments in implementing marine defense and resilience; still limited facilities for carrying out sea security; (3) The increasing activities of terrorism, piracy and illegal fishing in Indonesian marine waters; and (4) The law enforcement is still weak against lawbreakers.
International Journal of Education and Social Science Research, 2021
Indonesia is the largest archipelago country in the world consisting of 17,504 islands. Located on the equator and located between the continent of Asia and the continent of Australia, and between the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean. Indonesia as an archipelagic country has ratified the United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 82) and as a consequence Indonesia has established three Indonesian Archipelago Sea Lines (ALKI), namely: ALKI-I, ALKI-II and ALKI-III. The implementation of ALKI rights makes maritime security in Indonesian territory a priority for countries in the world, because disruption of the ALKI route can threaten the world economy and its implementation must be in accordance with UNCLOS provisions. Geographically, Indonesia has a very strategic position in the water sector. Indonesia must be able to control and secure the ALKI route by presenting sea power along the ALKI route in an effort to safeguard the ALKI route, as well as to realize maritime security and defend Indonesia's sovereignty. The purpose of this study is to analyze the marine defense strategy in safeguarding the Indonesian Archipelago Sea Channel (ALKI) to achieve maritime security and defend Indonesia's sovereignty. The data collection method used is the documentation method. The policy of establishing the Indonesian Archipelago Sea Channel (ALKI) has made Indonesia an "open" country. Until now, various foreign shipping and airlines have freely crossed Indonesia's territory. The security threat on the three ALKI routes is a challenge for the Indonesian government in maintaining maritime security and defending Indonesian sovereignty.
Analysis of Indonesia's Maritime Security Strategy and Policy as the World Maritime Axis
JETISH: Journal of Education Technology Information Social Sciences and Health
As the largest archipelago, Indonesia should be able to utilize its potential to create prosperity for its people. In fact, the maritime sector has not been fully utilized by Indonesia. Indonesia must prioritize the goal of becoming a maritime country to restore maritime glory. This is in line with Indonesian President Joko Widodo's goal to make Indonesia the world's maritime axis. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The World Maritime Axis is indeed a decision taken by the government to restore the nature of Indonesia as an archipelago. Until now, the World Maritime Axis has not taken the form of a document equipped with a strategy in it. The strategy becomes an 'extension' of the policy, which currently there is no World Maritime Axis Strategy because the policy is still overlapping. Currently, the World Maritime Axis is categorized as a development policy discourse whose orientation is to realize Indonesia's vision as a maritime country, so it...
Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity, 2020
Indonesia is a country with a water area of 6.4 million km2 or about 2/3 of its territory is the sea. Geographically, Indonesia's position is very strategic because of an international shipping route on it as well as a crossing point between the continents of Asia and Australia and the Pacific and Indian oceans. This configuration of the Indonesian sea area requires strict control to meet all types of demand at all Archipelagic Sea Lanes’ choke points. Therefore, this study was conducted to answer what kind of strategy that needed in controlling the sea at Indonesia's four strategic choke points to support the Total Defense System. This study used a qualitative method with an exploratory approach because the researchers explored deeper and analyzed the objectives, resources, and methods of controlling the sea at four strategic points in Indonesia. The theory of strategy researchers used to discuss problem formulation was assisted by NVivo 12 tools in processing data and Soft...
Maritime border security and challenges for Indonesia
Geografia - Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 2019
The issue of border security had drawn much attention for being an important part of a country's national security and sovereignty, in addition to its dynamic and complex nature. Indonesia as an archipelagic country faces many problems and challenges in its maritime border areas, in addition to the problems of unresolved state borders with its neighboring countries. Indonesia also faces various trans-boundary crime actions near the maritime border areas. This study aimed at developing a conceptual framework of maritime border security and explaining the challenges of maritime border security. This study applied the qualitative approach by focusing on secondary data. The secondary data were obtained by means of analyses of documents, books, journals, magazines, bulletins and newspaper, including internet sources that were relevant with this study. The findings of this study show that Indonesia faced dynamic and complex problems of maritime border security, not only the problems of unsettled borders with several neighboring countries, but also many trans-boundary criminal activities in its maritime border areas. The problems of overlapping regulations and institutions added up to the problems to cope with the problems of maritime border security. This study recommends that the government of Indonesia needs to intensify the border diplomacy regarding the maritime borders with the neighboring countries in order to reach delimitation agreements of its maritime border. Further, the government of Indonesia should do immediate reorganization of regulations and institutions of maritime border security to handle all forms of trans-boundary crimes.
Sea Security Agency (BAKAMLA) has been given some mandates by Article 59 Verse (3) Law No 32/2014 on Maritime Affair. These mandates involve conducting immediate pursuit, stopping, checking, capturing, making into delivery and handing over the suspected vessel to the in-charge institution to be prosecuted by the law as consistent with Article 63 Verse (1) Law No 32/2014 on Maritime Affair. This research is aimed to understand and analyze the success rate of policies designed to control, supervise, and protect maritime security; to investigate problem constraining the implementation of regulation; and to understand security and defense strategies that shall be proper for Second Sea Channel of Indonesia Archipelago (ALKI II). Some results of this research can be explained as follows. The discretion given to Maritime Command for Eastern Fleet of Indonesia Republic (Koarmatim) is to conduct fostering on naval strengths available and to use them as needed. The fostering of naval strengths is administered by Naval Headquarter (MABESAL), whereas the discretion to use these strengths for supporting Koarmatim operation is directly held by the Commander of Indonesia National Force (TNI). Moreover, Second Sea Channel of Indonesia Archipelago (ALKI II) is a place where TNI organizes enforcements of sovereignty and law. Sovereignty enforcement concerns with territory while law enforcement is related with the activity of human being in the territory. The existence of Second Sea Channel of Indonesia Archipelago (ALKI II) emanates from UNCLOS 1982which gives a right for any states to have archiphelagic water. This right is given by a condition that the state has determined its sea channel and the state itself shall free and secure this sea channel from any threats. Koarmatim has a discretion to maintain the security of water region at Sea Channel of Indonesia Archipelago (ALKI) and to make sure that ALKI will facilitate transportation and liaison structures used by sea users based on Koarmatim's terms. Pacification of water region at ALKI is done through the operationals related with sovereignty and law enforcements. Some factors are constraining Koarmatim from using its discretion for pacification. Patrol elements such as patrol boat, scout plane, and medium-haul intelmar, are not supportive due to few numbers of them. Logistic for these elements is not always available at the front naval base. The infrastructures of communication and information system that administers sea-based security data are not yet integrated.There is yet no priority given to the capacity building for human resource to support law enforcement activity on the sea. Koarmatim still does routine operations to deter threats and disturbances, and also to provide the feel of comfortfor any activities passing through Indonesian waters despite very rare violation against the law at Second Sea Channel of Indonesia Archipelago (ALKI II). Strategies developed by Koarmatim to utilize its capacities and strengths are still depending on situation of threats happening. The mitigation of threats can be done either with Warfare Military Operation or Non-Warfare Military Operation. Overall, strategies used to carry out both kinds of operation include: modernizing the weaponry system; increasing the number of personnel that must be deployed to use weaponry system; reinforcing the existing naval fleet by making a procurement of new war ships such as KRI RE. Marthadinataand KRI I GustiNgurahRai; providing ladders of education and career for military members; and facilitating the transfer of submarine technology during the making of submarines in South Korea's dockyard.
Law Enforcement Against Illegal Vessels Sailing In Indonesia Waters To Prevent State Losses
Proceedings of the 2nd Maritime Continent Fulcrum International Conference, MaCiFIC 2022, September 28-October 1, 2022, Tanjungpinang, Indonesia, 2023
The Batam Special KSOP Office and the PLP Base and Tanjung Uban Customs February 2022 have secured 4 ships, of which 3 are foreign-flagged. To eradicate illegal acts committed by foreign vessels, it must immediately form a sea and coast guard to prevent unlawful alien ships from entering Batam waters to avoid state losses. This research uses a qualitative analysis method by interviewing informants who can answer current problems. The result of this study is that KSOP has the task of carrying out supervision and law enforcement in the field of shipping safety and security, government activities at ports, as well as regulating the control and management of port activities that are commercially cultivated. Therefore, KSOP carries out law enforcement against vessels that carry out illegal activities without a permit that can endanger the safety of shipping and marine protection.
Menuju Indonesia sebagai Poros Maritim Dunia: Meluruskan Doktrin dan
Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world and has enormous potential in the maritime sector. Therefore, President Joko Widodo would like to make Indonesia as the maritime fulcrum of the world. However, this idea hampered by the errors of doctrine that has grown from the community level to policymakers, including the doctrine of defense of the state. These errors have made Indonesia unable to play an important role with its strategic location as the largest archipelagic country in the world. Furthermore, the existence of piracy culture in some coastal communities of Indonesia is also a problem that hinders international trade, Moreover, this condition is further exacerbated by the threat of maritime terrorism that endangered Indonesian seafarers. Therefore, the authors tries to analyze what kind of policies should be taken by the government to solve the maritime security holes in order to actualize the idea of Indonesia as the maritime fulcrum of the world. There are still many security holes that must be solved before Indonesia can truly realize its dream to be the global maritime fulcrum. This paper uses the theoretical foundation by Alfred Thayer Mahan on Sea Power, to become a powerful country in the world, then a country should have control over the oceans. Through this theory is very clear, Indonesia in solving maritime security holes must accumulate the strength of the sea in quantity and quality. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the maritime security system, including the addition of a maritime military fleet to protect the territory of Indonesia. Furthermore, it is necessary to create absolute control of the sea in order to eliminate these security holes.