Fruit fly attractant activity of Indonesian native ruku-ruku (Ocimum sanctum, L.) and selasih ungu (Ocimum canum, Sims.) essential oil formulated with virgin coconut oil (VCO) (original) (raw)
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Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the destructive pest of over 300 cultivated and wild fruits all over the world. Present study describes the morphology, essential oil content and composition and bioassay on fruit fly attractant ability of essential oil of two Ocimum tenuiflorum morphotypes (MT 1 purple and MT 2 purple-green) grown in Sri Lanka. Four months old, O. tenuiflorum aerial parts were hydro-distilled for 4 h. GC-MS analysis of essential oils and bio-assay for B. dorsalis attractant ability was performed using previously established methodologies. The yield of the essential oils of O. tenuiflorum MT 1 and MT 2 were 1.51±0.02% and 1.45±0.01% (v/w), respectively. Eighteen compounds were identified, which encountered over 97% of the oil constituents. The main constituents found in the oil of MT 1 were methyl eugenol (72.50±1.03%) followed by β-caryophyllene (17.53±2.0%), germacrene D (1.55±0.10%), β-elemene (2.46±0.17%), while methyl eugenol (64.23±2.43%), βcaryophyllene (13.29±2.18%), β-elemene (6.94±1.41%), germacrene D (2.47±0.96%), were from extracted from MT 2 . Bioassays conducted on essential oils of MT 1 , MT 2 and purified Methyl Eugenol demonstrated that the B. dorsalis attractant ability of essential oil MT1 (106±8.1), MT2 104±2 and commercial Methyl Eugenol (111±8.5) was not significantly different during the first week of the experiment. Results of our study open an avenue for use of essential oil of Ocimum tenuiflorum as potential natural para pheromone source for fruit fly control and monitoring in fruit industry in Sri Lanka.
Insects
The essential oils extracted from mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruits, and from tea tree (Maleleuca alternifolia (Maiden and Betche) Cheel) leaves have been chemically analyzed and tested for their bioactivity against D. suzukii. Besides, to estimate consumers’ acceptability of the essential oil (EO) treatments, we evaluated their impact on the organoleptic characteristics of the EO-treated fruits. The main chemical constituents of the two EOs were 1,8-cineole and 4-terpineol for M. alternifolia (22.4% and 17.6% of the total components, respectively), and limonene (83.6% of the total components) for C. reticulata. The behavioral tests indicate that the two EOs are able to deter D. suzukii oviposition and that D. suzukii shows positive chemotaxis to low concentrations of the EOs and negative chemotaxis when the EO concentration increases. While no negative effects on the organoleptic profiles were detected for fruits treated with C. reticulata EO, the olfactory profile of frui...
World Journal of Agricultural Research, 2015
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the destructive pest of over 300 cultivated and wild fruits all over the world. Present study describes the morphology, essential oil content and composition and bioassay on fruit fly attractant ability of essential oil of two Ocimum tenuiflorum morphotypes (MT 1 purple and MT 2 purple-green) grown in Sri Lanka. Four months old, O. tenuiflorum aerial parts were hydro-distilled for 4 h. GC-MS analysis of essential oils and bio-assay for B. dorsalis attractant ability was performed using previously established methodologies. The yield of the essential oils of O. tenuiflorum MT 1 and MT 2 were 1.51±0.02% and 1.45±0.01% (v/w), respectively. Eighteen compounds were identified, which encountered over 97% of the oil constituents. The main constituents found in the oil of MT 1 were methyl eugenol (72.50±1.03%) followed by β-caryophyllene (17.53±2.0%), germacrene D (1.55±0.10%), β-elemene (2.46±0.17%), while methyl eugenol (64.23±2.43%), βcaryophyllene (13.29±2.18%), β-elemene (6.94±1.41%), germacrene D (2.47±0.96%), were from extracted from MT 2. Bioassays conducted on essential oils of MT 1 , MT 2 and purified Methyl Eugenol demonstrated that the B. dorsalis attractant ability of essential oil MT1 (106±8.1), MT2 104±2 and commercial Methyl Eugenol (111±8.5) was not significantly different during the first week of the experiment. Results of our study open an avenue for use of essential oil of Ocimum tenuiflorum as potential natural para pheromone source for fruit fly control and monitoring in fruit industry in Sri Lanka.
Assessment of Ocimum Basilicum as Potentially Fruit Flies Attractant
Journal of Agronomy Research
The Basil plant (Ocimumbasilicum L) is an annual herb; belongs to family Lamiaceae. It is found to be an important source for Methyl Eugenol (ME), the fruit flies attractant. This study was carried out at Shendi area with main objective to assess the amount of ME extracted from Ocimumbasilicumplant to evaluate its potentiality as fruit fly attractant. Plants of basil were grown till to maturity, then the differential harvest of leaves, flower and seeds were chemically investigated for volatilome. Five basil formulations (paste and powder of leaves, paste and powder of flowers, isolated ME from basil oil) were used for trapping potential of Bactrocera spp in mango orchards, as compared to the synthetic ME. The oil was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus, steam and water distillation, and analyzed using GCMS. The results revealed that highest extracted oil percentages was obtained from flowers, leaves, seed and stem were 5.75%, 3.03%, 0.02% and 0.21% respectively. Moreover, the basil tr...
Fruit flies such as the Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Diptera:Tephritidae) are serious horticultural pests. In Indonesia—especially in Bogor, West Java—fruit flies are major pests on guava and star fruit, both valuable crops. Synthetic insecticides are popular for fruit fly control. However, their inappropriate use can negatively affect the environment and humans. Methyl eugenol extracted from the leaves of plants such as Melaleuca bracteata and Ocimum sp. as a male fruit fly attractant is an environmentally friendly and consumer-safe alternative for control. We determined the potency of leaf extracts as fruit fly attractants by observing their effectiveness against the most destructive fruit flies (B. dorsalis complex) in guava and star fruit orchard, therefore identification to both species is needed. Seven attractants were tested for trapping fruit flies: essential oils of M. bracteata and Ocimum sp., along with each residual distillation water, mash extracts of each species, and ...
Molecules, 2021
The family Tephritidae (Diptera) includes species that are highly invasive and harmful to crops. Due to globalization, international trade, and human displacement, their spread is continuously increasing. Unfortunately, the control of tephritid flies is still closely linked to the use of synthetic insecticides, which are responsible for detrimental effects on the environment and human health. Recently, research is looking for alternative and more eco-friendly tools to be adopted in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. In this regard, essential oils (EOs) and their main compounds represent a promising alternative to chemical insecticides. EOs are made up of phytoconstituents formed from the secondary metabolism of many plants and can act as attractants or toxics, depending on the dose. Because of this unique characteristic, EOs and their main constituents are promising tools that can be used both in Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) programs and in the “lure and kill” technique, e...
insects, 2022
The massive use of synthetic pesticides to manage agricultural pests results in environmental pollution and health hazards. The secondary plant metabolites, which are majorly dominated by terpenoids, have the potential to be developed into novel alternatives to synthetic chemicals. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating the toxicity, oviposition deterrence, and repellent activities of six majorly dominated essential oil constituents against adults and immature stages of oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis. Our results highlight the potential of the selected essential oil constituents to be developed as a novel alternative to synthetic pesticides against B. dorsalis.
Essential oils (EOs) extracted from Eugenia caryophyllus, Ocimum basilicum and Thymus vulgaris were evaluated for toxicity against adults of the fruit pest the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae). The chemical composition of the EOs was also determined. The EOs of E. caryophyllus and O. basilicum contained primarily phenylpropanoids (77.58% and 72.63%, respectively), which were followed by benzoate esters (10.99%) and sesquiterpenes (6.22%) in E. caryophyllus and monoterpenes (16.65%) in O. basilicum. The EO of T. vulgaris was composed primarily of monoterpene hydrocarbons (89.39%). In ingestion toxicity assays, the EO of E. caryophyllus was the most toxic, with an LC50 of 3529 ppm, followed by the EOs of T. vulgaris and O. basilicum with LC50s of 5347 and 8050 ppm, respectively. At the highest concentration (1.5, 2.0 or 3.5% w/v), 100% mortality was observed with the three EOs in the ingestion toxicity assays. In general, the three EOs were significantly toxic to adult A. ludens. The development of a technology to incorporate the EOs into food bait could provide an alternative method to attract and kill A. ludens in field applications.
The leaf oils of Litsea elliptica, Cinnamomum mollissimum, Cymbopogon nardus and Pogostemom cablin were evaluated for their repellency effect against adult female mosquito of Aedes aegypti. The leaf oil of Cy. nardus was the most effective with median effective dosage (ED 50 of 0. 0009 mg cm -2 comparable to the value obtained with dimethyl phthalate (0. 000 7 mg cm -2), the standard repellent used in this study. The essential oils from other species studied also showed significant repellency effect with ED 50 ranging from 0.0023 to 0.0065 mg cm -2 . These essential oils were then employed as active ingredients in the preparation of insect repellents used in our field trials. Results ftom the field trials indicate that an aqueous cream containing 15% of the leaf oils (L elliptica, C.mollissimum, Cy. nardus in the ratio of 1: 1: 1) provided 96 6% protection against mosquito bites for the duration of the test.