Isolation of T-Mycoplasmas from Goats, and the Production of Subclinical Mastitis in Goats by the Intramammary Inoculation of Human T-Mycoplasmas (original) (raw)
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Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 1991
A mycoplasma designated strain GM790A was isolated from milk and internal organs of 2 lactating goats showing mastitis and arthritis. The isolate was not related serologically to any of the currently known ovine-caprine mycoplasmas, except an isolate designated Mycoplasma sp. G, first recorded from the external ear canal of clinically normal goats in Australia. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and restriction enzyme DNA studies of strain GM790A and Mycoplasma sp. G revealed similar but not identical patterns. The inoculation of strain GM790A into the teat canal of 2 lactating goats resulted in an abrupt diminution of lactation leading to mastitis and agalactia in about 3 days. A maximum of 1 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU) of the mycoplasma were shed per ml of mammary secretion. Milk production partially resumed at a low level 3 weeks postinoculation, the longest period tested, but the milk still contained 1 × 102 CFU of the agent. The results of this study...
Immunity in Experimental T-Mycoplasma Mastitis
Infection and Immunity, 1974
Immunity to reinfection with the homologous T-mycoplasma strain has been demonstrated in the bovine mammary gland. This immunity was generalized throughout the udder and was not confined to previously infected quarters. Two out of three cows which were immune to reinfection with the homologous strain were not immune to reinfection with a serologically distinct T-mycoplasma strain. Animals varied in their ability to resolve experimental mastitis with T-mycoplasmas: those which resolved the initial infection without antibiotic therapy were immune to challenge with the homologous strain, but those which needed to be given antibiotics to clear the first infection were not all immune to such challenge.
A total of 165 cows, 19 buffaloes, 192 sheep and 118 goats were examined for detection of Mycoplasma mastitis. The results revealed that 114 (69.59%) and 6 (31.57%) were clinically mastitic cows and buffaloes respectively while 51 (30.9%) and 13 (68.42%) were apparently healthy cows and buffaloes respectively. On examining the apparently healthy cows and buffaloes, 67 (32.84%) and 18 (34.61%) were subclinically mastitic cows and buffaloes respectively. Mycoplasmas were isolated in percentages of 8.9%, 5.5% from subclinically mastitic cows and buffaloes respectively and in percentages of 12.97%, 12.5% from clinically mastitic cows and buffaloes respectively. M. bovis was isolated from 8 (32%) and M. bovigenitalium from 7 (28%) and 10 (40%) unidentified Mycoplasma. Isolation of Mycoplasma from udder tissue in cows and buffaloes were in a percentage of 28.5% in cows while no Mycoplasma isolates were obtained from buffaloes' udder tissues. Application of PCR technique on these isolates and some of the negative samples was positive 100%. On the other hand, the results revealed that 82 of 192 (42.7%) and 43 of 118 (36.44) of the examined sheep and goats respectively were clinically mastitic. Isolation of Mycoplasma was from 11 (13.41%) and 17 (39.53%) of the examined sheep and goat respectively. Identification of these isolates revealed 8 (29%) M. agalactiae isolates and 20 (71%) unidentified Mycoplasma spp. Application of PCR technique on traditionally identified M. agalactiae isolates revealed negative results on using M. agalactiae specific primer while positive results were obtained for the same 8 isolates (100%) on using M. bovis specific primer.
Mycoplasma excretion in reproductive male and female goats
Three experiments were designed in order to study the excretion routes of mycoplasmas involved in caprine contagious agalactia in chronically infected goat populations. The results obtained for external auricular canal (EAC) swabs were compared to other samples: 1) nasal swabs in 95 bucks; 2) conjunctival swabs in 85 bucks; 3) milk and vaginal swabs in 23 goats. Serology to detect specific antibodies against Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma) was also conducted. Out of 1061 samples, the presence of Ma, Mmc and Mcc was detected in 23, 18 and 8 samples, respectively, which belonged to 24 bucks and 7 goats. EAC analyses detected 21 bucks (87.5%) and 4 infected goats (57.1%). Additional sampling (conjunctival, nasal swabs and vaginal swabs in goats) allowed the detection of further infected animals, in comparison to the sole sampling of the EAC.
Molecular Typing of Mycoplasma Species Recovered from Bovine Mastitis
Mycoplasma bovine mastitis is a highly contagious disease that results in milk loss and culling of infected animals. Therefore the aim of this work was to focus on the diagnosis of masitic mycoplasma including California Mastitic Test (CMT), indirect ELISA (iELISA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and bacteriological isolation. Beside emphathize the importance of Mycoplasma in subclinical mastitis. A total of 236 apparently normal quarter milk samples were examined for mastitis using CMT.The incidence of subclinical mastitis was 32.62 and 26.25% in cows and buffaloes, respectively. Examination of cows and buffaloes for Mycoplasma revealed 9.09 and 0% from subclinical mastitic animals and 14.73 and 14.29%, from clinically mastitic animals, respectively. Identification of the isolated Mycoplasma revealed more than one species. The most important was M. bovigenitalium (40.74% from the total isolates), then M.arginini (37.04%), M. bovis (18.52%) and. M.bovirihinis (3.70%). Examination of 46 and 6 udder tissue samples from buffaloes and cows for Mycoplasma revealed 0 and 3.33% M. arginini, respectively. A serological study of 45 milk samples by ELISA test revealed 22.22% positive samples to M. bovis and 37.77% samples to M.bovigenitalium while examination of 10 serum samples revealed 20% as M. bovis. Application of the PCR specific to M. bovis for the total isolates recovered from mastitic milk samples revealed 18.52% as M. bovis. Finally there were significant increase in the levels of lysozyme and nitric oxide in subclinical and clinical Mycoplasma positive samples compared with negative and normal samples.
Veterinary World, 2021
Background and Aim: Mycoplasma infection in small ruminants is a serious problem in sheep and goat herds around the world. It is responsible for high economic losses and decreased animal productivity. This study aimed to highlight the clinical, histopathological, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma species in sheep and goats in Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt. Materials and Methods: A total of 234 samples were collected; 104 samples were collected from pneumonic lung tissues from the abattoir, in addition, 10 and 20 samples collected from apparently and diseased sheep, respectively, and 40 and 60 samples were collected from apparently and diseased goats, respectively, which were subjected to isolation onto pleuropneumonia-like organism medium. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), histopathological examination, and determination of the MIC were also performed. Results: Of 104 samples of lung tissues showing pneumonic lesions, 56 (53.84%) were positive for Mycoplasma isolation. The positive isolation of Mycoplasma from 10 and 20 samples from apparently and diseased sheep was 30% and 40%, respectively as well as the positive isolation of Mycoplasma was 17% and 56.66% out of 40 and 60 apparently healthy and diseased field goat's cases, respectively. All the diseased sheep and goats showed respiratory manifestations, including cough, bilateral nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, and systemic reaction. Evaluation of the MIC for Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae revealed that lincospectin and tylosin were the most effective antibiotics at 2.5 μg/mL. Histopathological examination of affected lung tissue showed extensive hemorrhagic pneumonia with extensive alveolar hemorrhage. The PCR technique proved to be a rapid, specific, and sensitive method for the detection of M. ovipneumoniae and Mycoplasma arginini at 390 and 326 bp, respectively. Conclusion: M. ovipneumoniae and M. arginini were the most prevalent species associated with respiratory infections in sheep and goats in the study area. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of these species in dissemination of the disease within herds of small ruminants.
Research in Veterinary Science, 2009
To correlate the clinical course of mycoplasma mastitis with its immune response, right mammary glands of 15 lactating goats were inoculating with 10 10 colony-forming units (cfu) of Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma). Before sacrificing the animals at 5, 15 or 45 days post-inoculation (dpi), blood Ma antibody titres and milk mycoplasma colony and somatic cell counts were monitored. Ma colonised the mammary gland and milk counts increased to over 10 12 cfu/ml within 5 dpi. During this period, an innate immune response involving neutrophils and macrophages was observed, and Ma antigen appeared in the degenerated acinar epithelium. From 7 dpi, a specific antibody response coincided with reduced viable mycoplasmas in milk. The humoral immune response was limited; by 37 dpi, all animals scored negative for anti-Ma antibodies, and around 10 8 cfu/ml were shed. Results indicate an early immune response to Ma inoculation unable to control mycoplasmal invasion. An ensuing humoral response, despite reducing the mycoplasma burden, leads to chronic, persistent infection.