The Effect of Early Post-Hatch Dietary Amino Acid Levels on Satellite Cell Dynamics in Turkeys (original) (raw)
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The effect of early nutrition on satellite cell dynamics in the young turkey
Poultry Science, 2005
Early posthatch satellite cell mitotic activity is an important aspect of muscle development. An understanding of the interplay between nutrition and satellite cell mitotic activity will lead to more efficient meat production. The objective of this study was to test the influence of the leucine metabolite, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB), and feed deprivation on muscle development in the early posthatch poult. Male Nicholas poults were placed on 1 of 4 treatments: immediately fed a starter diet with 0.1% HMB (IF-HMB), immediately fed a starter diet containing 0.1% Solka-Floc for a control (IF-No HMB), feed and water withheld for 48 h immediately posthatch and then fed the HMB diet (WF-HMB), and (Key words: β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine, feed deprivation, Pax7) 2005 Poultry Science 84:748-756 Abbreviation Key: BrdU = 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine; FITC = fluorescein-isothiocyanate; HMB = β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate; IF = immediately fed; IF-HMB = immediately fed a starter diet with 0.1% HMB; IF-No HMB = immediately fed a starter diet; PI = propidium iodide; WF = collectively feed deprived; WF-HMB = withheld feed and water for 48 h immediately posthatch and then fed the HMB diet; WF-No HMB = withheld feed and water for 48 h immediately posthatch and then fed the control starter diet.
Satellite Cell Mitotic Activity of Broilers Fed Differing Levels of Lysine
International Journal of Poultry Science, 2004
Post-hatch myofiber growth is dependent upon the addition of new nuclei from the mitotically active satellite cell population. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between different levels of dietary lysine and satellite cell mitotic activity during the early post-hatch period. Broiler chicks were split into five groups of 10 birds each immediately post-hatch. One group was not provided any feed or water for the first three days post-hatch, whereas the other groups were provided a standard starter diet with different levels of lysine (0.82, 0.99, 1.16, 1.33%) for the first three days post-hatch. All birds were injected with 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) 2 hours before they were killed on the third day post-hatch. Mitotically active satellite cells were identified in the Pectoralis thoracicus and quantified using BrdU immunohistochemistry in combination with computer-based image analysis. Satellite cell mitotic activity was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the starved compared to any of the fed groups. However, satellite cell mitotic activity was highest (P < 0.05) in the birds that were provided a lysine deficient diet (0.82%). The current study suggests that it is possible to nutritionally stimulate the satellite cell population in the early post-hatch chick, and that it is an important endeavour to re-examine the nutritional requirements of the early post-hatch chick to optimize meat yield.
Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 2012
Muscle growth depends on the fusion of proliferate satellite cells to existing myofibers. We reported previously that 0-14 day intermittent feeding led to persistent retardation in myofiber hypertrophy. However, how satellite cells respond to such nutritional insult has not been adequately elucidated. One-day-old broiler chicks were allocated to control (Con, ad libitum feeding), intermittent feeding (IF, feed provided on alternate days) and re-feeding (RF, 2 days ad libitum feeding after 12 days of intermittent feeding) groups. Chickens were killed on Day 15 and satellite cells were isolated. When cultured, satellite cells from the IF group demonstrated significant retardation in proliferation and differentiation potential, while RF partly restored the proliferation rate and differentiation potential of the satellite cells. Significant up-regulation of insulin like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) (P<0.05) and thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) (P<0.05), and down-regulation of...
Myogenesis – Possibilities of its Stimulation in Chickens
Folia Biologica, 2011
BEDNARCZYK M., PARUSZEWSKA-ACHTEL M. 2011. Myogenesis possibilities of its stimulation in chickens. Folia biologica (Kraków) 59: 85-90. Due to selection for increased body weight modern broilers are 3-4 times heavier as compared with chickens of the laying type. The muscle mass is mainly determined by the total number of muscle fibres (hyperplasia), their thickness (hypertrophy) and different fibre types. Hyperplasia occurs during either embryogenesis or the early posthatching period. Skeletal muscles originate from the dermatomyotome, which differentiates into four myogenic cell populations: myotomal cells, embryonic myoblasts, fetal myoblasts and satellite cells; the latter are the adult myoblasts, present within adult skeletal muscles to serve as a cell source for both muscle regeneration and self-renewal. Pax3 keeps migrated precursor cells non-differentiated, thereby controlling transcription of the MyoD gene, whereas Pax7 is a significant regulator of the satellite cell population. Manipulation of temperature and light quality and quantity have been proposed as methods of both pre-and postnatal myogenesis stimulation. Being thermogenic stimulants, both thyroid and adrenal hormones substantially stimulate metabolism. Shortterm exposure of embryos to increased temperature between days 16 and 18 of incubation directly influences the proliferation and differentiation of muscle fibres, which manifest themselves in increased hyperplasia. Ultraviolet radiation is an effective means for disinfection of hatching eggs, resulting in a change of embryonic mortality rate during breeding. Especially, green light influences both body weight and the satellite cell number in the first days posthatch, thereby enhancing the growth of embryos,
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology
Poultry meat quality is controlled by muscle fiber properties associated with body weight gain in the immediate pre- or post-hatch period. This study aimed to determine the effect of administration of branched-chain amino acids blend (BCAAb, 3 L-leucine:1 L-isoleucine:2 L-valine) in the pre- or post-hatch period on the growth performance and fiber characteristics of the Pectoralis major (PM) muscle in turkey poults subjected to early or delayed feeding. Newly hatched poults from eggs injected in ovo with BCAAb or received no injection were used in a 21-d study. Poults (n=192) produced without injection of BCAAb received a starter diet supplemented (BCAA) or not (C) with the BCAAb (2 g/kg) immediately or with a delay of 48 h (48BCAA and 48C) after hatching. Poults (n=36) produced with (IOBCAA) in ovo injection of BCAAb (2 mg /ml) received the diet and water immediately. The BCAA and IOBCAA poults had higher body weight than those of the C, 48C, and 48BCAA birds. The body weight of th...
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2019
Poultry productivity depends upon post-hatch efficacy characteristics such as growth, meat yield and egg production. The embryonic growth and development rate, a determinant of these characteristics, should be at the optimum level during the perinatal period (the last few days prior to hatch and the first few days after hatch). In poultry, current evidence on poultry embryo development (Uni, Ferket, Tako, & Kedar, 2005; Gao et al., 2018) indicates that the perinatal period is the most crucial time for growth and developmental programming of metabolically active organs and tissues: liver, heart, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and skeletal muscles. These organs and tissues carry out many important digestive, metabolic and excretory activities, which have a significant role in health and productivity (Foye, Uni, & Ferket, 2006). The development and growth of embryos are influenced by nutrients in the albumen and yolk used as the main source of amino acids for tissue synthesis (Shafey, Sami, & Abouheif, 2013). Therefore, muscle production and protein synthesis in the late-term embryo depend on the amounts of amino acids flowing into the amniotic cavity, the yolk-sac (YS) and finally the digestive tract of the embryo. The types and amounts of amino acids in the albumen and yolk are influenced by several factors (e.g.,
Biochemical analyses of muscles from poultry bred for rapid growth
Poultry Science, 2003
In the current study, commercial broiler breeder hens were mated with either commercial broiler breeder males (B/B) or artificially inseminated with semen from Leghorn cockerels (B/L). Embryos and chicks from each mating were used to study the effects of paternal genotype on breast muscle myosin expression without the confounding effects of differences in egg size and embryo development due to maternal genotype. Specifically, the temporal transitions of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms within the pectoralis (P.) major and P. minor were measured. The relative concentration of the embryonic MyHC isoform increased from d 17 through 21 in ovo in both genotypes and was higher in B/B embryos than in B/L embryos (P ≤ 0.01). At 21 d posthatch, (Abbreviation Key: a = adult; B/B = broiler/broiler; B/L = broiler Leghorn; e = embryonic; mAb = monoclonal antibody; MyHC = myosin heavy chain; n = neonatal; P. = pectoralis; PBSM = phosphate-buffered saline with 5% nonfat dry milk; PSE = pale, soft, exudative.
Growth and muscle protein turnover in the chick
The Biochemical journal, 1978
The growth rates of young chicks were varied from 0 to 10% per day by manipulation of the adequacy of the amino acid and energy supply. The rates of protein synthesis in the white breast (pectoralis thoracica) muscle and the dark leg (gastrocnemius and peronaeus longus) muscles were estimated by feeding l-[U-(14)C]tyrosine in amino acid/agar-gel diets (;dietary infusion'). This treatment rapidly and consistently produced an isotopic equilibrium in the expired CO(2) and in the free tyrosine of plasma and the muscles. Wholebody protein synthesis in 2-week-old chicks was estimated from the tyrosine flux and was 6.4g/day per 100g body wt. In 1-week-old chicks the rate of protein synthesis was more rapid in the breast muscles than in the leg muscles, but decreased until the rates were similar in 2-week-old birds. Synthesis was also more rapid in fast-growing Rock Cornish broilers than in medium-slow-growing New HampshirexSingle Comb White Leghorn chicks. No or barely significant decr...
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2008
Avian and mammalian skeletal muscles exhibit a remarkable ability to adjust to physiological stressors induced by growth, exercise, injury and disease. The process of muscle recovery following injury and myonuclear accretion during growth is attributed to a small population of satellite cells located beneath the basal lamina of the myofiber. Several metabolic factors contribute to the activation of satellite cells in response to stress mediated by illness, injury or aging. This review will describe the regenerative properties of satellite cells, the processes of satellite cell activation and highlight the potential role of satellite cells in skeletal muscle growth, tissue engineering and meat production.