Isolation and characterization of a constituent from the leaves of Kalanchoe crenata and its evaluation for antioxidant activity (original) (raw)
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Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences, 2012
Many diseases are associated with oxidative stress caused by free radicals. Current research is directed towards finding naturally occurring antioxidants of plant origin. Kalanchoe crenata Andr. (Crassulaceae), commonly known as "never die" or "Dog's liver," has been traditionally used for the treatment of ailments, such as, earache, smallpox, headache, inflammation, pain, asthma, palpitations, convulsion, and general debility. The aim of present research deals with phytochemical screening and in-vitro evaluation of antioxidant activities of the leaves & stems of K.crenata. Method: Successive extracts of leaves & stems was subjected for phytochemical screening. The preliminary screening reports the presence of saponins, phytosterols, flavanoids, phenols and alkaloids in the extracts. Various extracts of K.crenata leaves & stems was studied in-vitro for total antioxidant activity, for scavenging of nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, the antioxidant capacity by p...
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2006
Kalanchoe crenata Andr. (Crassulaceae) is a fleshy herbaceous plant used in the African traditional medicine as remedies against otitis, headache, inflammations, convulsions and general debility. In the present work, the analgesic effects of methylene chloride/methanol (1:1) (CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 3 OH) extract and its hexane, methylene chloride (CH 2 Cl 2 ), ethyl acetate, n-butanol fractions and aqueous residue have been evaluated using acetic acid, formalin and pressure test. The anticonvulsant effects of the CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 3 OH extract were also investigated on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ 70 mg/kg), strychnine sulphate (STN 2.5 mg/kg) and thiosemicarbazide (TSC 50 mg/kg). CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 3 OH extract and its fractions, administered orally at the doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg, exhibited protective effect of at least 30% on the pain induced by acetic acid. The CH 2 Cl 2 fraction at 300 mg/kg showed a maximal effect of 78.49%. The CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 3 OH extract and its CH 2 Cl 2 fraction at the doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg significantly reduced the first phase of pain induced by formalin while the second phase was completely inhibited. The CH 2 Cl 2 fraction produced more than 45% reduction in the sensitivity to pain induced by pressure. The CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 3 OH extract of Kalanchoe crenata significantly increased the latency period in seizures induced by PTZ and significantly reduced the duration of seizures induced by the three convulsant agents. The extract protected 20% of animals against death in seizures induced by TSC and STN.
2021
The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical components and evaluate the biological activity of the extracts from the leaves Kalanchoe pinnata and Kalanchoe daigremontiana, which are cultivated in the province of Chiriqui, Republic of Panama. Phytochemicals components, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were studied. The composition of the obtained petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts was analyzed by phytochemical screening. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was studied using three in vitro model systems (DPPH radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, and superoxide radical scavenging activity). The anti-inflammatory activity of these species was studied using an in vivo model (ʎ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats). Phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins and glycosides. The greatest radical inhibitory effect was observed in the DP...
African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2012
The research was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of two Kalanchoe species in Ghana which are used widely for the treatment of various ailments including stroke and ulcers. The leaves were subjected to methanol and aqueous extractions for each sample. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed to determine the various components in the leaves extract. The concentration of phenol and flavonoid was determined using folin-ciocalteu Zishen et al. (2003) and Lee et al. (2005) method. The extract was also screened to determine the total flavonoid and phenolic content of the methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata and Kalanchoe integra and also to assess the antioxidant activity. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydryzyl [DPPH] radical scavenging activity of both aqueous and methanol extracts of K. integra and K. pinnata were determined by the Brand-William method (2003)
Genus Kalanchoe comprises hundred species. Different extracts of these Kalanchoe species have been widely used in traditional medicine. Recently it has been reported that Kalanchoe extracts possess various biological activities viz. antiviral, sedative, antiulcer, immunomodulatory, antileishmanial, CNS depressant, anti-inflammatory, thyroid peroxidase inhibitor, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, inhibition of B cell development, cardiovascular, antihyperglycemic, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, insecticidal and larvicidal activities. Earlier studies on different Kalanchoe species have reported the isolation of polysaccharides, flavonoids, sterols, ascorbic acid, trace elements, organic acids, hydrocarbons, triterpenoids, phenolic components and bufadenolides. This review presents the botany, chemistry, traditional uses and pharmacological data of genus Kalanchoe.
.PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF KALANCHOE
Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri is a succulent plant native of Madagascar. The leaves have been used in traditional system of medicine for the treatment of ovarian cysts, urinary tract infections, vaginal infections, uterine fibroids. Unfortunately very few works related to the phytochemistry of this species is reported in literatures. The present investigation was carried out to reveal the important phytochemicals present in the leaf extract. The preliminary screening showed the presence of many phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponoin, fixed oils and fats. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography analysis was carried out with optimized solvent system consisting of ethyl acetate, formic acid, glacial acetic acid and water in the ratio of 8:1:1:2. The densitometric scanning of the chormatograms of hydroaclcoholic extract showed 7peaks at 254 nm 8 peaks at 366 nm. The phytochemicals detected in the present study justifies the therapeutic uses of the leaves in the traditional medicines.
Phenolic acid content, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of four Kalanchoë species
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2016
Phenolic acid composition, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities in leaves of four Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) species were evaluated. Determination of phenolic acid contents were conducted by an optimized LC-ESI-MS/MS method. The results show that Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier (using ASE extraction) and Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. contain the highest amounts of phenolic acids, while Kalanchoe nyikae Engl. the lowest ones. Among phenolic acids ferulic, caffeic and protocatechuic acids were occurring in the highest quantities in the analysed species. The greatest amounts of ferulic and protocatechuic acids were found in K. daigremontiana and K. pinnata. Moreover, the antiradical and cytotoxic activities of Kalanchoe extracts were investigated. All tested extracts possessed antioxidant activity. The obtained IC 50 values (lg/mL) ranged from 49.9 lg/mL to 1410 lg/mL, indicating a large variation of the activity of the analysed extracts. Cytotoxicity assays revealed dose-dependent effects in the cells lines tested. Only K. pinnata extract showed a high cytotoxicity against the H-9 human T cell line. Other extracts (K. daigremontiana, Kalanchoe milloti, K. nyikae) showed more pronounced cytotoxicity towards J45.01 cells (human acute lymphoblastic leukaemia T cells). The present study demonstrated that Kalanchoe extracts have significant antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. This suggests that these species can be used as new sources of natural antioxidants and potential anticancer compounds.
International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 2012
Background: Hopea ponga has been categorised as an endangered tree species under International Union for Conservation of Nature red list of threatened species. Objective: To study the antibacterial, antioxidant activities, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Hopea ponga leaf, extracted from different solvents viz., petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol. Materials and Methods: Antibacterial activity of leaf extract of Hopea ponga was determined by disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were assayed through in-vitro models such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), ferric reducing antioxidant power, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl scavenging activities. Total flavonoid content was determined using aluminium chloride colorimetric method and total phenolic content determined using Folin ciocaulteu reagent method. Results: Methanol extract showed higher scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power activity against ferric ion (97.24 ± 0.11 and 88.01 ± 0.03) compared to other extracts. Methanol extract showed significant antibacterial activity against P. vulgaris and B. cereus. Among the tested extracts, methanol extract exhibited higher content of phenols (1318.749 mg of ferulic acid equivalent/100 gram dry weight of extract) and flavonoids (457.832 mg of quercetin equivalent/100 gram dry weight of extract). Conclusions: The present study suggests that the methanol extract may contain active compounds, which have effective antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Hence, this endangered species have to be explored and conserved to serve the mankind.
Therapeutic Potential of Kalanchoe Species: Flavonoids and other Secondary Metabolites
Natural Product Communications, 2008
The Kalanchoe genus (syn. Bryophyllum), family Crassulaceae, comprises 125 species, most of them native to Madagascar. The great importance of several of these species for the traditional medicine in several regions of the World, esspecially India, Africa, China and Brazil, stimulated research programs into these plants from both a pharmacological and chemical point of view. The present review focuses on the main results obtained during the last decade on the secondary metabolites isolated from these species – endowed or not with a specific biological profile – with emphasis on flavonoids. The distribution of these molecules in the genus will be summarized and special attention will be given to K. brasiliensis and K. pinnata, two species well-known for healing inflammatory and infectious processes. Ornamental Kalanchoe species are also discussed as a potential source of bioactive compounds. This review covers the period 1970–2008.
Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2018
Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. and K. crenata (Andrews) Haw. of family Crassulaceae, are popularly used in the treatment of many diseases. [1] Both species are often misidentified as the other, because of their similar popular uses and names, and the similar external morphology of the leaves. [1] They show close proximity in usage, habitat, preparation and identification. The external morphological features of Kalanchoe crenata resemble that of Kalanchoe pinnatum. Ethnobotanically, most often they are prepared and administered the same way.[2] The plant is rich in both macro and micro elements, vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, ascorbic acid, inulin [3] and other compounds like saponin, flavonoids, anthraquinones, xanthones, bryophyllin A and B.[4] Alkaloids and saponins are present in the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of plant parts. [6] The green callus of the plant contains malic acid, quinones and tocopherol. [7] The present research includes phytochemical and physicochemical e...