A Review on the Biological Effects of some Natural Products (original) (raw)
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Hypertension and Plant Extract as A Solution
2022
Hypertension is a critical health problem and worse other cardiovascular diseases. It is mainly of two types: Primary or essential hypertension and Secondary hypertension. Hypertension is the primary possibility feature for coronary heart disease, stroke and renal vascular disease. Herbal medicines have been used for millions of years for the management and treatment of hypertension with minimum side effects. Over aim to write this review is to collect information on the anti-hypertensive effects of natural herbs in animal studies and human involvement as well as to recapitulate the underlying mechanisms, from the bottom of cell culture and ex-vivo tissue data. According to WHO, natural herbs/shrubs are widely used in increasing order to treat almost all the ailments of the human body. Plants are the regular industrial units for the invention of chemical constituents, they used as immunity booster to enhance the natural capacity of the body to fight against different health problems as well as herbal medicines and food products also. Eighty percent population of the world (around 5.6 billion people) consume medicines from natural plants for major health concerns. This review provides a bird's eye analysis primarily on the traditional utilization, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological values of medicinal herbs used to normalize hypertension;
Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 2017
Background: Papaveraceae Argemone mexicana L., Burseraceae Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg., Acanthaceae Justicia spicigera Schltdl. and Selaginellaceae Selaginella lepidophylla (Hook. & Grev.) Spring., have been used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat hypertension. The objective of this study was to further characterize the cardiovascular effects of the methanol extracts of such plants. Methods: The medicinal plants were collected and taxonomically identified; the methanol extract of each explored plant were administrated to conscious and unconscious male Wistar rats with and without glucose-induced hypertension. The blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated before and after the extract administration. Vascular reactivity experiments were conducted in rat aortic rings obtained from rats with and without sugar-induced hypertension, a model widely used to study such effects with cardiovascular agents. Results: After oral administration in normotensive conscious rats all tested extracts decreased the HR, such effect was only observed in hypertensive conscious rats after the administration of B. simaruba; only A. mexicana and B. simaruba decreased the BP after oral administration. All extracts administrated by intravenous injection diminished the mean arterial pressure. Doseresponse curves to cumulative concentrations of all the extracts promote vascular relaxation in precontracted aortas from rats with and without sugar-induced hypertension. Conclusions: The present study indicated that B. simaruba is worthy of further investigation as a potential phytotherapeutic agent for treating hypertension.
Antihypertensive effect of extracts from Crateva adansonii DC.ssp. adansonii in the Wistar rats
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2018
Crateva adansonii DC.ssp. adansonii (CA) is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases including hypertension. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of the plant on high blood pressure. The crude aqueous extract of CA has undergone a liquid-liquid fractionation with increasing polarity solvents. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts was carried out by using the thin layer chromatography method. The pharmacological effect was evaluated in Wistar rats made hypertensive by administering the N (ω)-Nitro-L-Arginine-Methyl Ester (L-NAME). The crude extract was administered at 500 mg / kg (b/w) and the fractions (aqueous, butanol, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate) at 30 mg / kg (b/w). Blood pressure was measured by a non-invasive caudal arterial measurement method. Flavonoids, coumarins terpens, anthracens were detected diversely distributed either the crude extract or in the fractions. The crude aqueous extract induced a significant decrease in blood pressure from 155.6 ± 9.28 mm Hg to 106.00 ± 8.27 mm Hg. On the other hand, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions exerted the highest effects among the fractions by reducing the blood pressure respectively from 139.8 ± 6.83 mmHg to 98.6 ± 8.38 mmHg and to 106.6 ± 6.80 mmHg. The results obtained justify the traditional use of the leaves of CA in the treatment of high blood pressure.
Medicinal plants are extensively used in traditional folk medicine. High blood pressure is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and many other serious health complications resulting from it as a major concern of morbidity and mortality in health sector. Use of diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, beta adrenergic receptor antagonists (beta blockers), alpha adrenergic receptor antagonists (alpha blockers), calcium channel blockers (CCBs) etc. are not efficient enough to cure hypertension. Side effects regarding these medications lead to intolerance, impaired control of the disease, and also mismanagement of therapy. So, approach regarding quenching new potent therapeutic compounds from medicinal plants draws attention nowadays. For example, as a first-line therapeutic agent, an alkaloid is highly effective in lowering systolic blood pressure which is isolated from root extract of the plant of Rauwolfia serpentina species, namely reserpine. This article comes up with a list of 63 plant species from 37 families, compiling information related to plant parts used for making extracts, types of extract and animals used in these studies, antihypertensive effect of the extracts etc. It also refers to 74 chemically defined molecules, with in vitro and in vivo anti-hypertensive potential, isolated from these extracts along with their dosage and mechanism of action by using electronic searches of published articles from various databases and reference books. Our present work would be beneficial for researchers to investigate and invent novel antihypertensive therapy to treat hypertension.
Resurgence of Herbal Antihypertensives in Management of Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews, 2010
Hypertension is one of the major cardiovascular problems and causes a number of vascular disorders. Until the 1940s majority of the diseases were treated by traditional drugs obtained from plants/herbs only. Even the first potent herbal antihypertensive was obtained from root of Rauwolfia serpentina, a famous Ayurvedic plant but soon the modern antihypertensives took the center-stage because of their precise, defined and fast action. However, due to their growing adverse effects, interest in the use of these drugs also gradually started waning. This has lead to the resurgence of marked awareness about traditional medicines and a considerable renewed global interest in the plant based drugs. Much emphasis is now being given to validate the extract/fraction as well as single molecules obtained from plant resources based on their traditional claims. In this review, we have laid emphasis on the mechanistic aspect of antihypertensive effect of some medicinal plants and their therapeutic use. We have further tried to shed light on the attempts being made for the validation and documentation of traditional plants and herbs for their future development as potential therapy in hypertension.
Anti- hypertensive activity of Ayurvedic medicinal plants
International Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020
Hypertension is a chronic non communicable disease and often asymptomatic medical condition in which the pressure exerted by the blood on the wall of the artery is elevated. It is chiefly of unknown aetiology, but genetic factors play significant role for its development. Uncontrolled hypertension is a risk factor for various pathological conditions such as heart attack, heart failure, stroke, retinal haemorrhage and kidney disease. In Ayurveda a number of medicinal plants and Ayurveda compound formulations have been prescribed by Ayurveda doctors for the treatment of hypertension. The therapeutic efficacy of those plants has also being verified by using modern pharmacological experimental models. This paper reviews various clinical and experimental studies conducted in the last few decades on plants showing anti-hypertensive property.
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013
Background: Asystasia gangentica (A. gangetica) belongs to the family Acanthaceae. It is used to treat hypertension, rheumatism, asthma, diabetes mellitus, and as an anthelmintic in South Africa, India, Cameroun, Nigeria, and Kenya respectively. It has also been reported to inhibit the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) in-vitro. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the in-vivo effect of aqueous leaf extract (ALE) of A. gangetica on the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in anaesthetized male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR); and to elucidate possible mechanism(s) by which it acts. Methods: The ALE of A. gangetica (10-400 mg/kg), angiotensin I human acetate salt hydrate (ANG I, 3.1-100 μg/kg) and angiotensin II human (ANG II, 3.1-50 μg/kg) were administered intravenously. The BP and HR were measured via a pressure transducer connecting the femoral artery to a Powerlab and a computer for recording. Results: A. gangetica significantly (p<0.05), and dose-dependently reduced the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP. The significant (p<0.05) reductions in HR were not dose-dependent. Both ANG I and ANG II increased the BP dose-dependently. Co-infusion of A. gangetica (200 mg/kg) with either ANG I or ANG II significantly (p<0.05) suppressed the hypertensive effect of both ANG I and ANG II respectively, and was associated with reductions in HR. Conclusions: A. gangetica ALE reduced BP and HR in the SHR. The reduction in BP may be a result of actions of the ALE on the ACE, the ANG II receptors and the heart rate.
Antihypertensive effect of aqueous extract of
Aqueous extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. seeds powder (Family: Elaeocarpaceae) was evaluated for its antihypertensive activity in renal artery occluded hypertensive rats. Male Wistar rats (180-200g) were pretreated with aqueous extract of E. ganitrus for 6 weeks. Hypertension was induced in animals by clamping the renal artery with renal bulldog clamp for 4 h. Ischemia of the kidneys causes elevation of blood pressure by activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Elevated blood pressure of the animals was significantly (p<0.05) decreased by the aqueous extract of E. ganitrus at the dose levels of 25, 50 and 100mg/kg, i.v. Captopril, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) at the dose of 1 mg/kg, i.v. showed significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the elevated blood pressure. The antihypertensive activity of aqueous extract of E. ganitrus may be due to the action on rennin-angiotensin system.
ROLE OF HERBAL PRODUCTS IN MANANGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION
The medical term for elevated blood pressure is hypertension (HTN). It is risky because it puts too much strain on the heart and causes atherosclerosis, which is the hardening of the arteries, in addition to raising the risk of heart disease and stroke. Other diseases including congestive heart failure, renal disease, and blindness can also be brought on by HTN. Traditional antihypertensives frequently have a number of adverse effects. Due to its superior tolerance by the human body and fewer adverse effects, around 75-80% of the world's population uses herbal medicines for primary healthcare, primarily in impoverished nations. Research on native plants with hypotensive and antihypertensive therapeutic benefits has received a lot of focus during the past three decades. Research on indigenous plants with hypotensive and antihypertensive therapeutic benefits has received a lot of focused attention. Some of these medicinal plants' hypotensive and antihypertensive properties have been shown effective, while others have been found to be ineffective. To validate the efficacy and clarify the safety profile of such herbal treatments for their antihypertensive potential, additional scientific study must be conducted in conjunction with contemporary medicine and ayurveda expertise.
Antihypertensive effect of extracts from Crateva adansonii DC.ssp. adansonii in the Wistar rats
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Crateva adansonii DC.ssp. adansonii (CA) is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases including hypertension. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of the plant on high blood pressure. The crude aqueous extract of CA has undergone a liquid-liquid fractionation with increasing polarity solvents. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts was carried out by using the thin layer chromatography method. The pharmacological effect was evaluated in Wistar rats made hypertensive by administering the N (ω)-Nitro-L-Arginine-Methyl Ester (L-NAME). The crude extract was administered at 500 mg / kg (b/w) and the fractions (aqueous, butanol, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate) at 30 mg / kg (b/w). Blood pressure was measured by a non-invasive caudal arterial measurement method. Flavonoids, coumarins terpens, anthracens were detected diversely distributed either the crude extract or in the fractions. The crude aqueous extract induced a significant decrease in blood pressure from 155.6 ± 9.28 mm Hg to 106.00 ± 8.27 mm Hg. On the other hand, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions exerted the highest effects among the fractions by reducing the blood pressure respectively from 139.8 ± 6.83 mmHg to 98.6 ± 8.38 mmHg and to 106.6 ± 6.80 mmHg. The results obtained justify the traditional use of the leaves of CA in the treatment of high blood pressure.