The Identity of Political Islam in a Democratic Regime: The Ideology of the Prosperious Justice Party (PKS), Indonesia and the Justice and Development Party (AKP), Turkey (original) (raw)
Related papers
Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies , 2022
Although most Indonesia's population is Muslim, the Islamic parties' votes do not show a significant general election. This tendency encourages Islamic parties to develop post-Islamism to win the sympathy of majority Muslim voters in Indonesia. Ahead of the 2019 election, identity politics or sectarian politics had strengthened in the 2017 DKI Jakarta Regional Head Election, and even identity politics had long ago emerged with the proliferation of Sharia regulations in several regions, as well as the issuance of the MUI Fatwa regarding the illegitimacy of secularism, liberalism, and pluralism. This study aims to see whether Islamic parties maintain Post Islamism in political programs in the 2019 election. The research uses a library research method by collecting data from books, journals, national print, and online media. The study results explain that Islamic parties remain consistent in using the Post Islamism approach in the 2019 election, even though their vote acquisition is stagnant as a middle board party.
Between Islam, Politics, and Democracy: The Political Ideology of Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS)
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities, 2017
This paper explores the political ideology of one of the most recent Islamic revivalist parties in Indonesia, the Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) or the Prosperous Justice Party. The rigidity and strong politico-ideological foundations of the PKS do not ft easily in contemporary Indonesian Muslim society; it is important to find the reasons why the PKS has become moderate in its approach to Indonesian politics. This examination of the PKSs ideology covers institutional development, political strategies and its attitude to democracy. The political drive of the party has its origins in its very basic ideology that links to the political character of the Muslim Brotherhood. The party uses a rational approach to adapt the objectifcation of Muslim needs from a homogenous to a pluralist society that naturally insists the party contextualise its ideology in building an Islamic state,shar??a implementation and democracy.
2008
Political Islam is a concept that draws attention in political science and international relations. Turkey is a unique model of the various usages of political Islam in a secular state. Moreover, unlike other Muslim countries, Turkey has a comparatively long history since the beginning of the Republic of Turkey. In this respect, the paper will analyze Turkish politics and parties from a historical perspective. I investigate the Democrat, Welfare, and Justice and Development Parties to understand political Islam in Turkey. I ask if these parties had an Islamist agenda and if they exploited Islam for political reasons. In order to find out which objectives of theirs have links to political Islam; I will examine party programs and policy implications of these three parties. Then, I will compare their agendas and try to find evidence of uses of Islam in foreign, education, and economic policies and religious&moral values in their agendas. After analyzing the parties, I will categorize them using the classification of Daniel Brumberg. I expect that this study will show differences among parties and the evolution of political Islam in Turkey over the decades. Also, this study can help by showing Turkey's sui generis characteristics; other Muslim countries can not be compared with Turkish experience with Islam.
2011
Why do some religious parties survive after adopting a moderate ideological outlook while others do not? The rise and fall of religious parties since the onset of democratic transition in Indonesia has set off an intriguing debate over the role and future of political Islam in electoral politics. This article seeks to explain the diverging -and unexpected -trajectories of the two most prominent religious parties, the National Awakening Party (PKB) and Justice Prosperous Party (PKS) through a close examination of the case of PKB. It emphasizes organizational qualities to advance two claims. First, the decline of the moderate PKB is the result of the permeation of personality-based clientelistic and ascriptive relations as well as lack of party institutionalization. Political survival of the puritanical Islamist PKS, on the other hand, is explained by organizational cohesion achieved through party institutionalization. Second, a disciplined party structure has allowed PKS elites to achieve controversial ideological adjustments. In short, a moderate centralist religious ideology or outlook alone is not sufficient to achieve political survival in the competitive environment of electoral and religious politics.
The Success and Failure of Islamic parties in Indonesia and Turkey
Turkey and Indonesia share many similarities regarding society and politics as being both highly Muslim populated, democratic, and secular countries. This research investigates the electoral performance of Islamic parties in Indonesia and Turkey by applying Allen Hicken's "theory of aggregation", and asks why Islamic party of Turkey - Justice and Development Party - became successful whereas Islamic parties of Indonesia failed in the legislative elections. This paper argues that Islamic Parties' success and failure is based on parties' effective usage of aggregation incentives consist of vertical centralization (concentration of power and resources within the party) and horizontal centralization (power within the national government). This paper aims to make a contribution to studies related to Islamic parties by investigating how aggregation incentives affect Islamic ideology of these parties for electoral success. Another theoretical contribution is to show the electoral threshold as an important factor affecting the theory of aggregation incentives. In addition, political decentralization has negative effects on horizontal centralization in Indonesian case. To support the argument, electoral performances of Islamic parties are observed in Indonesian legislative elections between 1999 and 2009, and Turkish national elections between 1987 and 2011.
Buehler, Michael. 2009. Islam and Democracy in Indonesia. Insight Turkey, Vol. 11, No. 4, 51-63.
Islam and democracy are said to be in a relationship fraught with problems as the former, allegedly, does not allow secular law to be put above divine law or accept the legitimacy of worldly authorities. This relationship is less problematic in Indonesia, a democratic Muslim-majority country, the argument goes, due to the syncretic forms of Islam practiced in the archipelago state that are less dogmatic, and hence more conducive to democratic principles. While this is a valuable point, various factors extraneous to ‘moderate Indonesian Islam,’ such as a fragmented Islamic authority in civil society, a weakly institutionalized party system as well as dynamics triggered by recent institutional reforms all play a role in the continuing insignificance of political Islam in the country.
Jurnal Wacana Politik, Departemen Ilmu Politik UNPAD, Vol 3, No 1. 2018, 2018
After the Arab Spring, political Islam was initially expected to contribute significantly to political development and democracy. In fact, it is far from expectations. The Islamist group failed to adapt to the democratic system, the conflict with the long-lasting secular group finally invited the military to intervene. While in other parts of the world two Muslim-majority countries, Indonesia and Turkey, political Islam can adapt to the values of western democracy. This paper is a comparative study of political parties that compare post Islamism between PKS (Indonesia) and AKP (Turkey). Two political parties that successfully adapt to liberalism. There are two dimensions of post Islamism compared. First, a comparison of pragmatic steps that PKS and AKP make when facing a complex political reality. Second, the comparison of non-ideological strategies pursued by PKS and AKP, when facing national elections. In this research used descriptive qualitative method through the literature data, that is data arranged in the form of documents related to the problem under investigation. Like books, newspapers, articles, and journals. Based on this research can be known that the step of political pragmatism conducted by PKS and AKP is a rational choice, when there is a shift in voter behavior of Indonesia and when facing Kemalist secularist group in Turkey. The non-ideological strategy is carried out by PKS and AKP by campaigning on substantive issues, not discouraging the establishment of an Islamic state (shariah formalism) with a focus on issues related to economic welfare and integration to the EU.