Etiologic agents of otitis media in Benin city, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Bacteriology of Otitis Media and Its Host-Environmental-Infection Factors
2017
Objectives : Otitis media is one of the most prevalent infection causing serious complication and sequelae. The present study was design to isolate bacteria associated with Otitis media and to establish a possible host-environmental-infection factors that might interact to influence the incidence of Otitis media and infecting organism. Methods : Middle ear swabs and aspirates were aseptically collected from 71 patients who fulfil the study inclusion criteria for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing after administration of consent form and questionnaire. Results : Bacterial pathogens were isolated from 63(88.7%) of the subjects, while 8(11.3%) of the subjects were bacterio- logically sterile. Staphylococcus aureus was the most abundant isolate identified in 25(36.2%) of the total subject studied. This is followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with incidence of 20(28%), Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli have similar frequency each with 7(10...
IOSR Journals , 2019
Introduction: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is one of the most commonly encountered diseases in otorhinolaryngology practice. Material and methods: A total of 70 samples from 64 clinically diagnosed cases of CSOM were included in the study. The bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates was carried out by automated method. Identification and antifungal susceptibility of yeast was performed using automated method. However identification of moulds was carried out by conventional methods. Result: Out of 70 samples 50% (35/70) showed positive bacterial culture. Among 64 patients, 53.12% (34/64) were males and 46.87% (30/64) were females. The commonest bacteria isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa 45.71% (16/35) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 33.42% (11/35), Proteus mirabilis 14.28% (5/35), Enterobacter cloacae 5.71% (2/35) and Sphingomonas paucimobilis 2.8% (1/35). All Pseudomonas isolates obtained in this study were found to be 100% resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate, cotrimoxazole, and cefixime and 100% sensitive to meropenem and tigecycline. With 36.36% (12/33) Aspergillus fumigatus was found to be the predominant isolate. While 30.30% (10/33) Aspergillus niger, 18.18% (6/33) Candida albicans, 6.06% (2/33) Aspergillus terreus , 3.03% (1/33) Candida tropicalis, 3.03% (1/33) Rhizopus species and 3.03% (1/33) Paecilomyces species were also observed. All the seven strains of yeast were sensitive to fluconazole, amphotericin B, flucytosine and voriconazole. Conclusion: An appropriate knowledge of antibacterial susceptibility of microorganisms would contribute to a rational antibiotic use and the success of treatment for chronic supportive otitis media.
Pattern of bacterial pathogens of acute Otitis media in a tertiary hospital, South Western Nigeria
African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2016
INTRODUCTION: Otitis media was reasonably prevalent prior to the use of antibiotics for treatment. In Nigeria, hospital incidence reports indicate that chronic suppurative Otitis media is the commonest. Complications that usually arise as a result of untreated Otitis media are meningitis, brain abscess, keratoma, otosclerosis, and hearing loss. The study aimed at providing information on the pattern of bacterial pathogens of acute Otitis media in LAUTECH Teaching hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study involving patients with acute Otitis media attending ENT clinic at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. Ear swabs were collected from the patients after informed consent. The samples were inoculated on general and selective laboratory media. Bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on each of the bacterial isolates using modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion. RESULTS: There were 115 isolates from 98 patients with acute Otitis media. Gram negative bacteria constituted 66.7% of the isolates. The most common organism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (34.8%). Others were Staphylococcus aureus (30.4%), Proteus spp (15.7%), Klebsiella spp (11.3%), Escherichia coli (2.6%) and few Fungi (4.1%). Antibiotics sensitivity results of the isolates showed high resistance against most readily available antibiotics. The cumulative resistance of all the bacteria isolates to Augmentin was 89%, gentamicin 80%, ciprofloxacin 34% and ceftazidime 10%. About 88% of the Gram positive bacteria were resistant to penicillin G, amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole, and erythromycin. While 100% of the Gram negative bacteria were resistant to cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. However, commonly isolated organisms were highly susceptible to few 3rd-generation cephalosporins especially ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. CONCLUSION: Based on the result of this study, it is suggested that knowledge of antibiotic profile of etiological agents in Otitis media would be of great advantage in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with Otitis media.
Clinical application of a bacteriology study on Otitis media
Otitis media (OM) is a notorious inflammation of middle ear that mainly affects tympanic membrane and a major health problem in developing countries causing serious local damage and threatening complications. The focus was mainly on aerobic bacteria, involved in active OM in adults as well as children. An attempt was made, despite resource and man power constraints, to have a glimpse of the current antibiotic sensitivity pattern Early and effective treatment based on the knowledge of causative microorganisms and their antimicrobial sensitivity ensures prompt clinical recovery and possible complications can thus be avoided.
Journal of Otolaryngology-ENT Research, 2015
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is defined as chronic inflammation of middle ear cleft. The disease is common in all age groups but more prevalent in low socioeconomic group. It is most commonly seen in developing and undeveloped countries affecting 0.5-30% of any community. Local application of antibiotics remains important and first step to get a dry ear. Changes in bacterial flora in last decade and abuse of antibiotics lead to the emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms. Recently, bacterial biofilm are thought to have a major role in much otolaryngologic infection. The formation of biofilm facilitates chronic bacterial infections and reduce efficacy of anti-microbial therapy. It is estimated that biofilm account of approximately 60% of microbial infection in the body. In addition to bacterial biofilm, the role of fungal infections in CSOM needs more attention. Fungal infections of middle ear are common as fungi thrive well in moist pus. There is very little known abo...
Bacterial agents causing chronic suppurative otitis media
2020
Ear swabs from 350 patients with chronic otitis media attending different orthorhinolaryngological clinics at different hospitals and health centers in Benin city and Ekpoma in Edo state were screened for the presence of bacterial agents of chronic otitis media. Results revealed the presence of 19 different species indicating polymicrobial infections. Species isolated comprised Staphylococcus aureus (33.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.3%), Proteus mirabilis (17%), Alcaligenes faecalis (6.2%) and Klebsiella aerogenes (4.3%). Others included Escherichia coli (3.3%), Proteus rettgeri (2.8%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (2.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Acinetobacter spp, Proteus morgani, Haemophilus influenzae, Providencia spp, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus faecalis, non-haemolytic Streptococci and Diphtheroids, each accounted for less than 2% of isolates. The study also showed a higher prevalence of chronic otitis media among males (5...
Microbiological study of otitis media
Otitis media is a destructive & persistent disease with irreversible sequelae. It is associated with bacterial or fungal aetiology. Objectives: 1) To identify bacterial isolates causing ear infection and their antibiogram. 2) To identify fungal isolates 3) To screen all smears for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted for 1 year. Pus was collected with sterile swab before commencement of antibiotics, from 98 patients of otitis media, attending ENT OPD. Gram's staining & Gabbet's staining (Modified ZN staining) was done for all the samples. Bacterial & fungal isolates were identified by standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates was carried out by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Results: Age of the patients studied, ranged from 2 to 68 years. Of the 98 patients, 48 were females and 50 were males. Bacterial isolates and their incidence were: Staphylococcus aureus(31%), CONS(6%), Pseudomonas species(20%), Klebsiella species(7%), Proteus species(5%). 4 fungi were isolated. 2 samples showed acid fast bacilli on Gabbet's staining. Conclusions: The most common organisim causing Otitis media in this study was Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Antibiotic treatment should be individualized depending on antibiotic sensitivity report, to reduce chronicity, complications & morbidity. It also showed in the study that, doing acid fast staining routinely could be of help as it helped to diagnose two cases of pulmonary tuberculosis.
International Journal of Advances in Medicine, 2016
Background: Otitis media is commonest disease seen in children. Apart from bacteria fungus are responsible for majority of the cases of otitis media. The objective was to speculate the aetiological fungal flora which was responsible for the cases of otitis media. Methods: The present study was conducted by Department of Microbiology, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad during 1 st May 2000 to 30 th April 2002. Before conducting the study approval was obtained from institutional ethical committee for human research. Total 140 patients of otitis media were included after written informed consent. The ear discharge from each diseased middle) ear was collected and cultured on Sabouraud's dextrose agar slant and was examined for gross and the microscopic morphology of the fungi. The organisms were identified by using a standard procedure. Data was analyzed using Microsoft exel software (Trial Version). Results: Out of 140 samples 114 (81.43%) had positive culture. out of 114 cases, 64 (56.14%) were male. Majority of the cases (32.45%) were in the age group of 0-14 years. Out of 114 positive cases, single organism was isolated in 99 (86.8%) cases. Out of total 129 strains 44 (37.9%) were gram positive, 72 (62.1%) were gram negative organisms and 13 (10.07%). Out of total 13 strains of fungus isolated 6 (46.15%) were Candida albicans and 7 (53.84%) were Aspergillus niger. Aspergillus niger is predominant isolated fungus as compared to Candida albicans. Isolation of Aspergillus niger was only seen in adults. Conclusions: Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were found to be the common fungal causes of otitis media in our study.
Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a global middle ear disease worst in developing nations of the world. The burden in our environment of repeated episodes of childhood CSOM, and the resultant difficulty in the management of these patients because of improper or inadequate treatment is quite worrisome. Aim: The aim of this study was to prospectively analyze the aspirated middle ear exudates of paediatric patients with CSOM for both facultative aerobic bacteria and fungi, with their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns. Materials and Methods: A total of 166 children clinically diagnosed with CSOM were enrolled in the study, of which 219 middle ear discharge samples were obtained using sterile disposable plastic Pasteur pipettes and cultured for microbial flora. Drug susceptibility testing for the isolated microbes was conducted using the Kirby‑Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: The ratio of facultative aerobic bacteria to fungi was 2.1: 1, while the ratio of Gram...
Microbial profiling and risk factors assessment for Otitis Media and Otitis Externa
Background: Otitis media and otitis externa are common otological manifestations in all generations especially in children. There is lack of accurate identification of the causative agent and thus poor diagnosis for such infections. Therefore, it leads to permanent anatomical disabilities including poor speech and defects in balancing and hearing. The study was conducted to isolate, characterize and identify the microbes causing otitis media and otitis externa. Method: A total of 250 patients having otitis media and otitis externa were enrolled in the study from March 2011 to October 2011. All patients were examined through clinical examination and detailed history was collected. Pus samples from the discharging ears were plated on MacConkey's, Chocolate and Blood agar for 24 to 48 hours. Isolates were identified